Table 2
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Risks from defecation, domestic cholera and Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi—Americasa

Country% defecating in the open ≤ 2020Notified domestic cholera, 2021–20–19–18–17S. Typhi/Paratyphi ≥2015 or typhoid cases, 2019–18–17–16–15 (rate/105)Faecal score
North
 Canada<10-0(&2i)-0(&3i)-0-1(&3i)194(0.5)-190-190-127-1211
 Greenland<1nk0 in 20170
 USA<10-1(i?)-6(i?)-6(&8i)-2(&8i)-2(&9i)409(0.1)-401-419-376-367, & outbreak,23 carrier241
Centre mainland
 Belize<1012(3) in 20171
 Costa Rica<1010(0.2) in 20170
 El Salvador<10outbreak,25 144(2.4) in 20171
 Guatemala20outbreak,25 4045(29) in 20172
 Honduras40227(3) in 20172
 Mexico<10-0-1-1-028 680(22/105)-44 618-57 276-45 379-58 976, & outbreak252
 Nicaragua70181(3) in 20172
 Panama4075(1.9) in 20172
Caribbean
 Antigua and Barbuda<1nk1(1.5) in 20170
 Aruba/Curaçao1/<1nknknk
 Bahamas<105(1.4) in 20170
 Barbados<1nk9(2.4) in 20171
 British Virgin Islands<1nknknk
 Cayman Islands<1nknknk
 Cuba<10153(1.1) in 20170
 Dominica6nk1(1.9) in 20171
 Dominican Rep.20-0-13-0-122335(3) in 20173
 Grenada4nk2(1.7) in 20172
 Guadeloupe<1nknknk
 Haiti180-0-720-3777-13 6811720(13) in 20173
 Jamaica<1nk52(1.8) in 20171
 Martinique<1nk-0-0-0-0nk0
 Puerto Rico<1nk0-1(<0.1/105)-nk-nk-0, 86(1.8) in 20170
 St. Kitts1nknknk
 St. Lucia6nk6(3) in 20172
 St. Vincent and  Grenadines3nk3(3) in 20172
 Trinidad and Tobago<1nk1(<0.1) in 20170
 Turks and Caicos2nknknk
 US Virgin Islands<1nk2(1.2) in 20170
South
 Argentinank0nk-65(0.1)-5-6-71
 Bolivia100173(1.7) in 20172
 Brazil<104202(1.9) in 20171
 Chile<10nk-nk-nk-85(0.5)-101, 1934(4) in 20171
 Colombia30nk-nk-nk-136(0.3)-3712
 Ecuador<10247(1.5) in 20171
 French Guiana<10nk0
 Guyana<1019(3) in 20171
 Paraguay<10114(1.8) in 20171
 Peru40482(1.5) in 20172
 Suriname1nk12(2.1) in 20171
 Uruguay<1nk3(<0.1) in 20171
 Venezuela3025(<0.1) in 20172
Country% defecating in the open ≤ 2020Notified domestic cholera, 2021–20–19–18–17S. Typhi/Paratyphi ≥2015 or typhoid cases, 2019–18–17–16–15 (rate/105)Faecal score
North
 Canada<10-0(&2i)-0(&3i)-0-1(&3i)194(0.5)-190-190-127-1211
 Greenland<1nk0 in 20170
 USA<10-1(i?)-6(i?)-6(&8i)-2(&8i)-2(&9i)409(0.1)-401-419-376-367, & outbreak,23 carrier241
Centre mainland
 Belize<1012(3) in 20171
 Costa Rica<1010(0.2) in 20170
 El Salvador<10outbreak,25 144(2.4) in 20171
 Guatemala20outbreak,25 4045(29) in 20172
 Honduras40227(3) in 20172
 Mexico<10-0-1-1-028 680(22/105)-44 618-57 276-45 379-58 976, & outbreak252
 Nicaragua70181(3) in 20172
 Panama4075(1.9) in 20172
Caribbean
 Antigua and Barbuda<1nk1(1.5) in 20170
 Aruba/Curaçao1/<1nknknk
 Bahamas<105(1.4) in 20170
 Barbados<1nk9(2.4) in 20171
 British Virgin Islands<1nknknk
 Cayman Islands<1nknknk
 Cuba<10153(1.1) in 20170
 Dominica6nk1(1.9) in 20171
 Dominican Rep.20-0-13-0-122335(3) in 20173
 Grenada4nk2(1.7) in 20172
 Guadeloupe<1nknknk
 Haiti180-0-720-3777-13 6811720(13) in 20173
 Jamaica<1nk52(1.8) in 20171
 Martinique<1nk-0-0-0-0nk0
 Puerto Rico<1nk0-1(<0.1/105)-nk-nk-0, 86(1.8) in 20170
 St. Kitts1nknknk
 St. Lucia6nk6(3) in 20172
 St. Vincent and  Grenadines3nk3(3) in 20172
 Trinidad and Tobago<1nk1(<0.1) in 20170
 Turks and Caicos2nknknk
 US Virgin Islands<1nk2(1.2) in 20170
South
 Argentinank0nk-65(0.1)-5-6-71
 Bolivia100173(1.7) in 20172
 Brazil<104202(1.9) in 20171
 Chile<10nk-nk-nk-85(0.5)-101, 1934(4) in 20171
 Colombia30nk-nk-nk-136(0.3)-3712
 Ecuador<10247(1.5) in 20171
 French Guiana<10nk0
 Guyana<1019(3) in 20171
 Paraguay<10114(1.8) in 20171
 Peru40482(1.5) in 20172
 Suriname1nk12(2.1) in 20171
 Uruguay<1nk3(<0.1) in 20171
 Venezuela3025(<0.1) in 20172

aSanitation data from https://data.unicef.org/; cholera from8 and MoH, references and www.infective-continents.ch/; typhoid from7 for 2017, also MoH, references and www.infective-continents.ch/; i = imported; nk = not known.

Table 2
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Risks from defecation, domestic cholera and Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi—Americasa

Country% defecating in the open ≤ 2020Notified domestic cholera, 2021–20–19–18–17S. Typhi/Paratyphi ≥2015 or typhoid cases, 2019–18–17–16–15 (rate/105)Faecal score
North
 Canada<10-0(&2i)-0(&3i)-0-1(&3i)194(0.5)-190-190-127-1211
 Greenland<1nk0 in 20170
 USA<10-1(i?)-6(i?)-6(&8i)-2(&8i)-2(&9i)409(0.1)-401-419-376-367, & outbreak,23 carrier241
Centre mainland
 Belize<1012(3) in 20171
 Costa Rica<1010(0.2) in 20170
 El Salvador<10outbreak,25 144(2.4) in 20171
 Guatemala20outbreak,25 4045(29) in 20172
 Honduras40227(3) in 20172
 Mexico<10-0-1-1-028 680(22/105)-44 618-57 276-45 379-58 976, & outbreak252
 Nicaragua70181(3) in 20172
 Panama4075(1.9) in 20172
Caribbean
 Antigua and Barbuda<1nk1(1.5) in 20170
 Aruba/Curaçao1/<1nknknk
 Bahamas<105(1.4) in 20170
 Barbados<1nk9(2.4) in 20171
 British Virgin Islands<1nknknk
 Cayman Islands<1nknknk
 Cuba<10153(1.1) in 20170
 Dominica6nk1(1.9) in 20171
 Dominican Rep.20-0-13-0-122335(3) in 20173
 Grenada4nk2(1.7) in 20172
 Guadeloupe<1nknknk
 Haiti180-0-720-3777-13 6811720(13) in 20173
 Jamaica<1nk52(1.8) in 20171
 Martinique<1nk-0-0-0-0nk0
 Puerto Rico<1nk0-1(<0.1/105)-nk-nk-0, 86(1.8) in 20170
 St. Kitts1nknknk
 St. Lucia6nk6(3) in 20172
 St. Vincent and  Grenadines3nk3(3) in 20172
 Trinidad and Tobago<1nk1(<0.1) in 20170
 Turks and Caicos2nknknk
 US Virgin Islands<1nk2(1.2) in 20170
South
 Argentinank0nk-65(0.1)-5-6-71
 Bolivia100173(1.7) in 20172
 Brazil<104202(1.9) in 20171
 Chile<10nk-nk-nk-85(0.5)-101, 1934(4) in 20171
 Colombia30nk-nk-nk-136(0.3)-3712
 Ecuador<10247(1.5) in 20171
 French Guiana<10nk0
 Guyana<1019(3) in 20171
 Paraguay<10114(1.8) in 20171
 Peru40482(1.5) in 20172
 Suriname1nk12(2.1) in 20171
 Uruguay<1nk3(<0.1) in 20171
 Venezuela3025(<0.1) in 20172
Country% defecating in the open ≤ 2020Notified domestic cholera, 2021–20–19–18–17S. Typhi/Paratyphi ≥2015 or typhoid cases, 2019–18–17–16–15 (rate/105)Faecal score
North
 Canada<10-0(&2i)-0(&3i)-0-1(&3i)194(0.5)-190-190-127-1211
 Greenland<1nk0 in 20170
 USA<10-1(i?)-6(i?)-6(&8i)-2(&8i)-2(&9i)409(0.1)-401-419-376-367, & outbreak,23 carrier241
Centre mainland
 Belize<1012(3) in 20171
 Costa Rica<1010(0.2) in 20170
 El Salvador<10outbreak,25 144(2.4) in 20171
 Guatemala20outbreak,25 4045(29) in 20172
 Honduras40227(3) in 20172
 Mexico<10-0-1-1-028 680(22/105)-44 618-57 276-45 379-58 976, & outbreak252
 Nicaragua70181(3) in 20172
 Panama4075(1.9) in 20172
Caribbean
 Antigua and Barbuda<1nk1(1.5) in 20170
 Aruba/Curaçao1/<1nknknk
 Bahamas<105(1.4) in 20170
 Barbados<1nk9(2.4) in 20171
 British Virgin Islands<1nknknk
 Cayman Islands<1nknknk
 Cuba<10153(1.1) in 20170
 Dominica6nk1(1.9) in 20171
 Dominican Rep.20-0-13-0-122335(3) in 20173
 Grenada4nk2(1.7) in 20172
 Guadeloupe<1nknknk
 Haiti180-0-720-3777-13 6811720(13) in 20173
 Jamaica<1nk52(1.8) in 20171
 Martinique<1nk-0-0-0-0nk0
 Puerto Rico<1nk0-1(<0.1/105)-nk-nk-0, 86(1.8) in 20170
 St. Kitts1nknknk
 St. Lucia6nk6(3) in 20172
 St. Vincent and  Grenadines3nk3(3) in 20172
 Trinidad and Tobago<1nk1(<0.1) in 20170
 Turks and Caicos2nknknk
 US Virgin Islands<1nk2(1.2) in 20170
South
 Argentinank0nk-65(0.1)-5-6-71
 Bolivia100173(1.7) in 20172
 Brazil<104202(1.9) in 20171
 Chile<10nk-nk-nk-85(0.5)-101, 1934(4) in 20171
 Colombia30nk-nk-nk-136(0.3)-3712
 Ecuador<10247(1.5) in 20171
 French Guiana<10nk0
 Guyana<1019(3) in 20171
 Paraguay<10114(1.8) in 20171
 Peru40482(1.5) in 20172
 Suriname1nk12(2.1) in 20171
 Uruguay<1nk3(<0.1) in 20171
 Venezuela3025(<0.1) in 20172

aSanitation data from https://data.unicef.org/; cholera from8 and MoH, references and www.infective-continents.ch/; typhoid from7 for 2017, also MoH, references and www.infective-continents.ch/; i = imported; nk = not known.

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