Clinical Characteristics of 136 MVP patients, dichotomized by total lifetime exercise dose above or below 9.6 MET h/week
| . | Total . | <9.6 MET h/week . | >9.6 MET h/week . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n = 136 . | n = 53 . | n = 83 . | . |
| Age at inclusion, years (IQR) | 48 (37–64) | 54 (39–61) | 46 (30–58) | 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 84 (61) | 36 (67) | 48 (57) | 0.24 |
| Severe VA, n (%) | 17 (13) | 3 (6) | 14 (16) | 0.07 |
| Family history of SCD, n (%) | 9 (7) | 6 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.23 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 18 (15) | 4 (9) | 14 (20) | 0.09 |
| Age at severe VA, years (IQR) n = 17 | 33 (24–40) | 30 (24–33) | 35 (24–48) | 0.53 |
| Patient recommended to not do high intensity exercise in guidelines, n (%) | 106 (78) | 42 (79) | 64 (77) | 0.77 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| T-wave inversion, n (%) | 29 (21) | 14 (27) | 15 (18) | 0.24 |
| Long QT, n (%) | 7 (5) | 4 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.75 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 0.85 |
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 58 (43) | 25 (47) | 33 (40) | 0.34 |
| MAD, n (%) | 125 (93) | 49 (92) | 76 (92) | 0.48 |
| Myxomatous leaflets (>5 mm), n (%) | 13 (10) | 5 (10) | 8 (10) | 0.87 |
| LVEDD, mm (SD) | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 7 | 0.58 |
| Mitral regurgitation (grade) | 0.03a | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 58 (43) | 20 (38) | 38 (46) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 27 (20) | 11 (21) | 16 (19) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (13) | 12 (23) | 5 (6) | |
| Cardiac MR (n = 129) | ||||
| LGE in myocardium, n (%) | 17 (19) | 6 (21) | 11 (18) | 0.78 |
| LGE papillary muscle | 18 (20) | 6 (21) | 12 (20) | 0.94 |
| 24-h ECG (n = 103) | ||||
| PVC burden, per 24 h (IQR) | 287 (50–3262) | 383 (37–1530) | 208 (63–4269) | 0.54 |
| nsVT, n (%) | 22 (21) | 9 (22) | 13 (21) | 0.90 |
| . | Total . | <9.6 MET h/week . | >9.6 MET h/week . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n = 136 . | n = 53 . | n = 83 . | . |
| Age at inclusion, years (IQR) | 48 (37–64) | 54 (39–61) | 46 (30–58) | 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 84 (61) | 36 (67) | 48 (57) | 0.24 |
| Severe VA, n (%) | 17 (13) | 3 (6) | 14 (16) | 0.07 |
| Family history of SCD, n (%) | 9 (7) | 6 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.23 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 18 (15) | 4 (9) | 14 (20) | 0.09 |
| Age at severe VA, years (IQR) n = 17 | 33 (24–40) | 30 (24–33) | 35 (24–48) | 0.53 |
| Patient recommended to not do high intensity exercise in guidelines, n (%) | 106 (78) | 42 (79) | 64 (77) | 0.77 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| T-wave inversion, n (%) | 29 (21) | 14 (27) | 15 (18) | 0.24 |
| Long QT, n (%) | 7 (5) | 4 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.75 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 0.85 |
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 58 (43) | 25 (47) | 33 (40) | 0.34 |
| MAD, n (%) | 125 (93) | 49 (92) | 76 (92) | 0.48 |
| Myxomatous leaflets (>5 mm), n (%) | 13 (10) | 5 (10) | 8 (10) | 0.87 |
| LVEDD, mm (SD) | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 7 | 0.58 |
| Mitral regurgitation (grade) | 0.03a | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 58 (43) | 20 (38) | 38 (46) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 27 (20) | 11 (21) | 16 (19) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (13) | 12 (23) | 5 (6) | |
| Cardiac MR (n = 129) | ||||
| LGE in myocardium, n (%) | 17 (19) | 6 (21) | 11 (18) | 0.78 |
| LGE papillary muscle | 18 (20) | 6 (21) | 12 (20) | 0.94 |
| 24-h ECG (n = 103) | ||||
| PVC burden, per 24 h (IQR) | 287 (50–3262) | 383 (37–1530) | 208 (63–4269) | 0.54 |
| nsVT, n (%) | 22 (21) | 9 (22) | 13 (21) | 0.90 |
P-values from Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. The meaning of using bold was to emphasize the subheadings in the tables with the corresponding values underneath. For instance subheading Electrocardiogram with the corresponding values beneath: T-wave inversion and Long QT.
LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MET, metabolic equivalents of task; MR, magnetic resonance; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; nsVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC, premature ventricular complex; SCD, sudden cardiac death; VA, ventricular arrhythmia.
aOne-way ANOVA between the groups, as appropriate.
Clinical Characteristics of 136 MVP patients, dichotomized by total lifetime exercise dose above or below 9.6 MET h/week
| . | Total . | <9.6 MET h/week . | >9.6 MET h/week . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n = 136 . | n = 53 . | n = 83 . | . |
| Age at inclusion, years (IQR) | 48 (37–64) | 54 (39–61) | 46 (30–58) | 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 84 (61) | 36 (67) | 48 (57) | 0.24 |
| Severe VA, n (%) | 17 (13) | 3 (6) | 14 (16) | 0.07 |
| Family history of SCD, n (%) | 9 (7) | 6 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.23 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 18 (15) | 4 (9) | 14 (20) | 0.09 |
| Age at severe VA, years (IQR) n = 17 | 33 (24–40) | 30 (24–33) | 35 (24–48) | 0.53 |
| Patient recommended to not do high intensity exercise in guidelines, n (%) | 106 (78) | 42 (79) | 64 (77) | 0.77 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| T-wave inversion, n (%) | 29 (21) | 14 (27) | 15 (18) | 0.24 |
| Long QT, n (%) | 7 (5) | 4 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.75 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 0.85 |
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 58 (43) | 25 (47) | 33 (40) | 0.34 |
| MAD, n (%) | 125 (93) | 49 (92) | 76 (92) | 0.48 |
| Myxomatous leaflets (>5 mm), n (%) | 13 (10) | 5 (10) | 8 (10) | 0.87 |
| LVEDD, mm (SD) | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 7 | 0.58 |
| Mitral regurgitation (grade) | 0.03a | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 58 (43) | 20 (38) | 38 (46) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 27 (20) | 11 (21) | 16 (19) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (13) | 12 (23) | 5 (6) | |
| Cardiac MR (n = 129) | ||||
| LGE in myocardium, n (%) | 17 (19) | 6 (21) | 11 (18) | 0.78 |
| LGE papillary muscle | 18 (20) | 6 (21) | 12 (20) | 0.94 |
| 24-h ECG (n = 103) | ||||
| PVC burden, per 24 h (IQR) | 287 (50–3262) | 383 (37–1530) | 208 (63–4269) | 0.54 |
| nsVT, n (%) | 22 (21) | 9 (22) | 13 (21) | 0.90 |
| . | Total . | <9.6 MET h/week . | >9.6 MET h/week . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n = 136 . | n = 53 . | n = 83 . | . |
| Age at inclusion, years (IQR) | 48 (37–64) | 54 (39–61) | 46 (30–58) | 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 84 (61) | 36 (67) | 48 (57) | 0.24 |
| Severe VA, n (%) | 17 (13) | 3 (6) | 14 (16) | 0.07 |
| Family history of SCD, n (%) | 9 (7) | 6 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.23 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 18 (15) | 4 (9) | 14 (20) | 0.09 |
| Age at severe VA, years (IQR) n = 17 | 33 (24–40) | 30 (24–33) | 35 (24–48) | 0.53 |
| Patient recommended to not do high intensity exercise in guidelines, n (%) | 106 (78) | 42 (79) | 64 (77) | 0.77 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| T-wave inversion, n (%) | 29 (21) | 14 (27) | 15 (18) | 0.24 |
| Long QT, n (%) | 7 (5) | 4 (8) | 3 (4) | 0.75 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 0.85 |
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 58 (43) | 25 (47) | 33 (40) | 0.34 |
| MAD, n (%) | 125 (93) | 49 (92) | 76 (92) | 0.48 |
| Myxomatous leaflets (>5 mm), n (%) | 13 (10) | 5 (10) | 8 (10) | 0.87 |
| LVEDD, mm (SD) | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 7 | 0.58 |
| Mitral regurgitation (grade) | 0.03a | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 58 (43) | 20 (38) | 38 (46) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 27 (20) | 11 (21) | 16 (19) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (13) | 12 (23) | 5 (6) | |
| Cardiac MR (n = 129) | ||||
| LGE in myocardium, n (%) | 17 (19) | 6 (21) | 11 (18) | 0.78 |
| LGE papillary muscle | 18 (20) | 6 (21) | 12 (20) | 0.94 |
| 24-h ECG (n = 103) | ||||
| PVC burden, per 24 h (IQR) | 287 (50–3262) | 383 (37–1530) | 208 (63–4269) | 0.54 |
| nsVT, n (%) | 22 (21) | 9 (22) | 13 (21) | 0.90 |
P-values from Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. The meaning of using bold was to emphasize the subheadings in the tables with the corresponding values underneath. For instance subheading Electrocardiogram with the corresponding values beneath: T-wave inversion and Long QT.
LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MET, metabolic equivalents of task; MR, magnetic resonance; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; nsVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC, premature ventricular complex; SCD, sudden cardiac death; VA, ventricular arrhythmia.
aOne-way ANOVA between the groups, as appropriate.
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