Table 1 Open in new tab Clinical...

	RFC–ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Patient characteristics
Age (years)	62.0 ± 16.75	61.0 ± 16.5	0.793
Male (n;%)	26 (81)	26 (81)	0.999
Family history for CAD (n;%)	14 (44)	14 (44)	0.999
Active smoking (n;%)	13 (40)	17 (53)	0.459
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (n;%)	7 (22)	7 (22)	0.999
Arterial hypertension (n;%)	29 (91)	26 (81)	0.214
Dyslipidemia^a (n;%)	30 (94)	22 (68)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	25.5 ± 6.1	25.6 ± 3.9	0.652
Previous history of PCI (n;%)	6 (19)	1 (3)	0.071
Laboratory data
Total cholesterol (mg/l)	204.0 ± 61.0	179.0 ± 50.2	0.040
LDL cholesterol (mg/l)	129.0 ± 53.0	113.0 ± 44.5	0.026
HDL cholesterol (mg/l)	40.0 ± 14.0	50.0 ± 20.0	0.417
Serum creatinine (mg/l)	0.94 ± 0.2	0.97 ± 0.2	0.256
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.7 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 1.6	0.681
Leukocytes (per nl)	10.5 ± 4.3	11.0 ± 6.0	0.367
hsCRP (mg/l)	2.1 ± 5.4	2.0 ± 3.2	0.721
ACS characteristics
Presentation as STE–ACS (n;%)	20 (63)	18 (50)	0.298
CK peak (U/I)	902.0 ± 720	569.0 ± 1.063	0.267
LVEF at discharge (%)	59.0 ± 11	55.0 ± 12.5	0.382
Concomitant medication (n; %)
PCSK9 inhibitor	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.241
Ezetimibe	0 (0)	1 (3.1)	0.191
Statin	3 (9.4)	1 (3.1)	0.010
RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatinine kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; STE–ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. ^aDefined as TC ≥ 220 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Bold values represent statistically significant results with a p value < 0.05.

RFC–ACS (n = 32)

IFC–ACS (n = 32)

P value

Patient characteristics

Age (years)

62.0 ± 16.75

61.0 ± 16.5

0.793

Male (n;%)

26 (81)

0.999

Family history for CAD (n;%)

14 (44)

0.999

Active smoking (n;%)

13 (40)

17 (53)

0.459

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (n;%)

7 (22)

0.999

Arterial hypertension (n;%)

29 (91)

26 (81)

0.214

Dyslipidemia^a (n;%)

30 (94)

22 (68)

0.002

BMI (kg/m²)

25.5 ± 6.1

25.6 ± 3.9

0.652

Previous history of PCI (n;%)

6 (19)

1 (3)

0.071

Laboratory data

Total cholesterol (mg/l)

204.0 ± 61.0

179.0 ± 50.2

0.040

LDL cholesterol (mg/l)

129.0 ± 53.0

113.0 ± 44.5

0.026

HDL cholesterol (mg/l)

40.0 ± 14.0

50.0 ± 20.0

0.417

Serum creatinine (mg/l)

0.94 ± 0.2

0.97 ± 0.2

0.256

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.7 ± 1.8

14.8 ± 1.6

0.681

Leukocytes (per nl)

10.5 ± 4.3

11.0 ± 6.0

0.367

hsCRP (mg/l)

2.1 ± 5.4

2.0 ± 3.2

0.721

ACS characteristics

Presentation as STE–ACS (n;%)

20 (63)

18 (50)

0.298

CK peak (U/I)

902.0 ± 720

569.0 ± 1.063

0.267

LVEF at discharge (%)

59.0 ± 11

55.0 ± 12.5

0.382

Concomitant medication (n; %)

PCSK9 inhibitor

0 (0)

0.241

Ezetimibe

0 (0)

1 (3.1)

0.191

Statin

3 (9.4)

1 (3.1)

0.010

RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatinine kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; STE–ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
^aDefined as TC ≥ 220 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Bold values represent statistically significant results with a p value < 0.05.

	RFC–ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Patient characteristics
Age (years)	62.0 ± 16.75	61.0 ± 16.5	0.793
Male (n;%)	26 (81)	26 (81)	0.999
Family history for CAD (n;%)	14 (44)	14 (44)	0.999
Active smoking (n;%)	13 (40)	17 (53)	0.459
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (n;%)	7 (22)	7 (22)	0.999
Arterial hypertension (n;%)	29 (91)	26 (81)	0.214
Dyslipidemia^a (n;%)	30 (94)	22 (68)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	25.5 ± 6.1	25.6 ± 3.9	0.652
Previous history of PCI (n;%)	6 (19)	1 (3)	0.071
Laboratory data
Total cholesterol (mg/l)	204.0 ± 61.0	179.0 ± 50.2	0.040
LDL cholesterol (mg/l)	129.0 ± 53.0	113.0 ± 44.5	0.026
HDL cholesterol (mg/l)	40.0 ± 14.0	50.0 ± 20.0	0.417
Serum creatinine (mg/l)	0.94 ± 0.2	0.97 ± 0.2	0.256
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.7 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 1.6	0.681
Leukocytes (per nl)	10.5 ± 4.3	11.0 ± 6.0	0.367
hsCRP (mg/l)	2.1 ± 5.4	2.0 ± 3.2	0.721
ACS characteristics
Presentation as STE–ACS (n;%)	20 (63)	18 (50)	0.298
CK peak (U/I)	902.0 ± 720	569.0 ± 1.063	0.267
LVEF at discharge (%)	59.0 ± 11	55.0 ± 12.5	0.382
Concomitant medication (n; %)
PCSK9 inhibitor	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.241
Ezetimibe	0 (0)	1 (3.1)	0.191
Statin	3 (9.4)	1 (3.1)	0.010
RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatinine kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; STE–ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. ^aDefined as TC ≥ 220 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Bold values represent statistically significant results with a p value < 0.05.

RFC-ACS (n = 32)

IFC–ACS (n = 32)

P value

Culprit segment TIMI flow < 1 (n; %)

11 (34%)

8 (25%)

0.219

Culprit vessel (n; %)

0 (0)

1 (3)

0.241

LAD

15 (47)

16 (50)

LCX

4 (13)

6 (19)

RCA

13 (41)

9 (28)

Involved culprit segment (n; %)

Proximal

8 (25)

18 (56)

0.06

Medial

23 (72)

12 (38)

Distal

1 (3)

2 (6)

Number of diseased vessels (n; %)

16 (50)

22 (69)

0.284

9 (28)

6 (19)

7 (22)

4 (13)

PCI characteristics

Total stented length (mm)

26.0 ± 30.6

23.0 ± 11.5

0.362

Largest stent diameter (mm)

3.5 ± 0.50

3.4 ± 1.0

0.992

Table 1

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Clinical baseline characteristics of the study cohort. For comparison between categorical parameters, a McNemar test was used; for comparison between continuously distributed parameters, the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used. Values are expressed as a median with interquartile range (IQR); n = 32 per group

	RFC–ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Patient characteristics
Age (years)	62.0 ± 16.75	61.0 ± 16.5	0.793
Male (n;%)	26 (81)	26 (81)	0.999
Family history for CAD (n;%)	14 (44)	14 (44)	0.999
Active smoking (n;%)	13 (40)	17 (53)	0.459
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (n;%)	7 (22)	7 (22)	0.999
Arterial hypertension (n;%)	29 (91)	26 (81)	0.214
Dyslipidemia^a (n;%)	30 (94)	22 (68)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	25.5 ± 6.1	25.6 ± 3.9	0.652
Previous history of PCI (n;%)	6 (19)	1 (3)	0.071
Laboratory data
Total cholesterol (mg/l)	204.0 ± 61.0	179.0 ± 50.2	0.040
LDL cholesterol (mg/l)	129.0 ± 53.0	113.0 ± 44.5	0.026
HDL cholesterol (mg/l)	40.0 ± 14.0	50.0 ± 20.0	0.417
Serum creatinine (mg/l)	0.94 ± 0.2	0.97 ± 0.2	0.256
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.7 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 1.6	0.681
Leukocytes (per nl)	10.5 ± 4.3	11.0 ± 6.0	0.367
hsCRP (mg/l)	2.1 ± 5.4	2.0 ± 3.2	0.721
ACS characteristics
Presentation as STE–ACS (n;%)	20 (63)	18 (50)	0.298
CK peak (U/I)	902.0 ± 720	569.0 ± 1.063	0.267
LVEF at discharge (%)	59.0 ± 11	55.0 ± 12.5	0.382
Concomitant medication (n; %)
PCSK9 inhibitor	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.241
Ezetimibe	0 (0)	1 (3.1)	0.191
Statin	3 (9.4)	1 (3.1)	0.010
RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatinine kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; STE–ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. ^aDefined as TC ≥ 220 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Bold values represent statistically significant results with a p value < 0.05.

	RFC–ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Patient characteristics
Age (years)	62.0 ± 16.75	61.0 ± 16.5	0.793
Male (n;%)	26 (81)	26 (81)	0.999
Family history for CAD (n;%)	14 (44)	14 (44)	0.999
Active smoking (n;%)	13 (40)	17 (53)	0.459
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (n;%)	7 (22)	7 (22)	0.999
Arterial hypertension (n;%)	29 (91)	26 (81)	0.214
Dyslipidemia^a (n;%)	30 (94)	22 (68)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	25.5 ± 6.1	25.6 ± 3.9	0.652
Previous history of PCI (n;%)	6 (19)	1 (3)	0.071
Laboratory data
Total cholesterol (mg/l)	204.0 ± 61.0	179.0 ± 50.2	0.040
LDL cholesterol (mg/l)	129.0 ± 53.0	113.0 ± 44.5	0.026
HDL cholesterol (mg/l)	40.0 ± 14.0	50.0 ± 20.0	0.417
Serum creatinine (mg/l)	0.94 ± 0.2	0.97 ± 0.2	0.256
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	14.7 ± 1.8	14.8 ± 1.6	0.681
Leukocytes (per nl)	10.5 ± 4.3	11.0 ± 6.0	0.367
hsCRP (mg/l)	2.1 ± 5.4	2.0 ± 3.2	0.721
ACS characteristics
Presentation as STE–ACS (n;%)	20 (63)	18 (50)	0.298
CK peak (U/I)	902.0 ± 720	569.0 ± 1.063	0.267
LVEF at discharge (%)	59.0 ± 11	55.0 ± 12.5	0.382
Concomitant medication (n; %)
PCSK9 inhibitor	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.241
Ezetimibe	0 (0)	1 (3.1)	0.191
Statin	3 (9.4)	1 (3.1)	0.010
RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatinine kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; STE–ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. ^aDefined as TC ≥ 220 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl, HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dl or taking medication for dyslipidemia. Bold values represent statistically significant results with a p value < 0.05.

	RFC-ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Culprit segment TIMI flow < 1 (n; %)	11 (34%)	8 (25%)	0.219
Culprit vessel (n; %)
LM	0 (0)	1 (3)	0.241
LAD	15 (47)	16 (50)
LCX	4 (13)	6 (19)
RCA	13 (41)	9 (28)
Involved culprit segment (n; %)
Proximal	8 (25)	18 (56)	0.06
Medial	23 (72)	12 (38)
Distal	1 (3)	2 (6)
Number of diseased vessels (n; %)
1	16 (50)	22 (69)	0.284
2	9 (28)	6 (19)
3	7 (22)	4 (13)
PCI characteristics
Total stented length (mm)	26.0 ± 30.6	23.0 ± 11.5	0.362
Largest stent diameter (mm)	3.5 ± 0.50	3.4 ± 1.0	0.992

	RFC-ACS (n = 32)	IFC–ACS (n = 32)	P value
Culprit segment TIMI flow < 1 (n; %)	11 (34%)	8 (25%)	0.219
Culprit vessel (n; %)
LM	0 (0)	1 (3)	0.241
LAD	15 (47)	16 (50)
LCX	4 (13)	6 (19)
RCA	13 (41)	9 (28)
Involved culprit segment (n; %)
Proximal	8 (25)	18 (56)	0.06
Medial	23 (72)	12 (38)
Distal	1 (3)	2 (6)
Number of diseased vessels (n; %)
1	16 (50)	22 (69)	0.284
2	9 (28)	6 (19)
3	7 (22)	4 (13)
PCI characteristics
Total stented length (mm)	26.0 ± 30.6	23.0 ± 11.5	0.362
Largest stent diameter (mm)	3.5 ± 0.50	3.4 ± 1.0	0.992

RFC–ACS, ruptured fibrous cap—acute coronary syndrome; IFC–ACS, intact fibrous cap acute coronary syndrome; SD, standard deviation; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; LM, left main; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; RCA, right coronary artery.

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