Table 1 Open in new tab Comparison...

	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	ANOVA	ANOVA
LA volumes (mL)
Entire LA volume	74.9 ± 13.7	101.2 ± 12.1*	128.2 ± 13.7**^†	170.8 ± 36.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Anterior LA volume	42.4 ± 10.5	60.6 ± 12.8*	78.6 ± 11.2**^†	104.4 ± 28.7^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Venous LA volume	26.1 ± 8.2	32.3 ± 6.6*	38.8 ± 8.2**^†	52.4 ± 15.0^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
LAA volume	6.5 ± 3.1	8.7 ± 3.3	10.8 ± 3.6**^†	14.0 ± 5.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Relative volumes of regional LA (%)
Anterior LA volume	56.4 ± 8.5	59.5 ± 7.5	61.3 ± 5.4**	60.7 ± 8.0^§	P< 0.001	0.979
Venous LA volume	34.9 ± 8.4	31.9 ± 7.4	30.2 ± 5.3**	31.0 ± 7.5^§	P< 0.001	0.974
LAA volume	8.7 ± 3.9	8.6 ± 3.2	8.5 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 2.8	P= 0.797	0.094
LA voltage (mV)
Mean LA voltage	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.002	0.873
Anterior LA voltage	1.4 ± 0.6	1.2 ± .0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.034	0.878
Venous LA voltage	1.8 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.9*	1.1 ± 1.0**	0.8 ± 0.8^§	P= 0.001	1
LAA voltage	3.1 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 1.3^§	P= 0.018	0.708
LV function
LVEF (%)	61.0 ± 7.2	60.9 ± 7.4	60.1 ± 8.2	57.2 ± 10.8^§‡	P= 0.012	0.806
E/E’	8.5 ± 2.6	9.2 ± 3.6	9.7 ± 4.1	10.6 ± 4.4^§	P= 0.014	0.781
Hypertension	26 (29.9 %)	38 (43.7 %)	47 (54.0 %)**	45 (51.7 %)^§	P= 0.005	1
Renal insufficiency	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	P= 0.880	1
Recurrence	11 (12.6 %)	11 (12.6 %)	16 (18.4 %)	24 (27.6 %)^§	P= 0.005	1

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

ANOVA

(n= 87)

P value

Power

LA volumes (mL)

Entire LA volume

74.9 ± 13.7

101.2 ± 12.1*

128.2 ± 13.7**^†

170.8 ± 36.4^§‡[]

P< 0.001

Anterior LA volume

42.4 ± 10.5

60.6 ± 12.8*

78.6 ± 11.2**^†

104.4 ± 28.7^§‡[]

P< 0.001

Venous LA volume

26.1 ± 8.2

32.3 ± 6.6*

38.8 ± 8.2**^†

52.4 ± 15.0^§‡[]

P< 0.001

LAA volume

6.5 ± 3.1

8.7 ± 3.3

10.8 ± 3.6**^†

14.0 ± 5.4^§‡[]

P< 0.001

Relative volumes of regional LA (%)

Anterior LA volume

56.4 ± 8.5

59.5 ± 7.5

61.3 ± 5.4**

60.7 ± 8.0^§

P< 0.001

0.979

Venous LA volume

34.9 ± 8.4

31.9 ± 7.4

30.2 ± 5.3**

31.0 ± 7.5^§

P< 0.001

0.974

LAA volume

8.7 ± 3.9

8.6 ± 3.2

8.5 ± 3.1

8.3 ± 2.8

P= 0.797

0.094

LA voltage (mV)

Mean LA voltage

1.6 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.0 ± 0.6^§

P= 0.002

0.873

Anterior LA voltage

1.4 ± 0.6

1.2 ± .0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.6^§

P= 0.034

0.878

Venous LA voltage

1.8 ± 1.3

1.0 ± 0.9*

1.1 ± 1.0**

0.8 ± 0.8^§

P= 0.001

LAA voltage

3.1 ± 1.7

2.8 ± 1.5

2.5 ± 1.6

2.0 ± 1.3^§

P= 0.018

0.708

LV function

LVEF (%)

61.0 ± 7.2

60.9 ± 7.4

60.1 ± 8.2

57.2 ± 10.8^§‡

P= 0.012

0.806

E/E’

8.5 ± 2.6

9.2 ± 3.6

9.7 ± 4.1

10.6 ± 4.4^§

P= 0.014

0.781

Hypertension

26 (29.9 %)

38 (43.7 %)

47 (54.0 %)**

45 (51.7 %)^§

P= 0.005

Renal insufficiency

2 (2.3 %)

1 (1.1 %)

2 (2.3 %)

1 (1.1 %)

P= 0.880

Recurrence

11 (12.6 %)

16 (18.4 %)

24 (27.6 %)^§

P= 0.005

	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	ANOVA	ANOVA
LA volumes (mL)
Entire LA volume	74.9 ± 13.7	101.2 ± 12.1*	128.2 ± 13.7**^†	170.8 ± 36.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Anterior LA volume	42.4 ± 10.5	60.6 ± 12.8*	78.6 ± 11.2**^†	104.4 ± 28.7^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Venous LA volume	26.1 ± 8.2	32.3 ± 6.6*	38.8 ± 8.2**^†	52.4 ± 15.0^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
LAA volume	6.5 ± 3.1	8.7 ± 3.3	10.8 ± 3.6**^†	14.0 ± 5.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Relative volumes of regional LA (%)
Anterior LA volume	56.4 ± 8.5	59.5 ± 7.5	61.3 ± 5.4**	60.7 ± 8.0^§	P< 0.001	0.979
Venous LA volume	34.9 ± 8.4	31.9 ± 7.4	30.2 ± 5.3**	31.0 ± 7.5^§	P< 0.001	0.974
LAA volume	8.7 ± 3.9	8.6 ± 3.2	8.5 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 2.8	P= 0.797	0.094
LA voltage (mV)
Mean LA voltage	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.002	0.873
Anterior LA voltage	1.4 ± 0.6	1.2 ± .0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.034	0.878
Venous LA voltage	1.8 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.9*	1.1 ± 1.0**	0.8 ± 0.8^§	P= 0.001	1
LAA voltage	3.1 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 1.3^§	P= 0.018	0.708
LV function
LVEF (%)	61.0 ± 7.2	60.9 ± 7.4	60.1 ± 8.2	57.2 ± 10.8^§‡	P= 0.012	0.806
E/E’	8.5 ± 2.6	9.2 ± 3.6	9.7 ± 4.1	10.6 ± 4.4^§	P= 0.014	0.781
Hypertension	26 (29.9 %)	38 (43.7 %)	47 (54.0 %)**	45 (51.7 %)^§	P= 0.005	1
Renal insufficiency	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	P= 0.880	1
Recurrence	11 (12.6 %)	11 (12.6 %)	16 (18.4 %)	24 (27.6 %)^§	P= 0.005	1

Table 1

Open in new tab

Comparison ofleft atrial morphology and left ventricular function according to atrial fibrillation -related left atrial size

	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	ANOVA	ANOVA
	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	P value	Power
LA volumes (mL)
Entire LA volume	74.9 ± 13.7	101.2 ± 12.1*	128.2 ± 13.7**^†	170.8 ± 36.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Anterior LA volume	42.4 ± 10.5	60.6 ± 12.8*	78.6 ± 11.2**^†	104.4 ± 28.7^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Venous LA volume	26.1 ± 8.2	32.3 ± 6.6*	38.8 ± 8.2**^†	52.4 ± 15.0^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
LAA volume	6.5 ± 3.1	8.7 ± 3.3	10.8 ± 3.6**^†	14.0 ± 5.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Relative volumes of regional LA (%)
Anterior LA volume	56.4 ± 8.5	59.5 ± 7.5	61.3 ± 5.4**	60.7 ± 8.0^§	P< 0.001	0.979
Venous LA volume	34.9 ± 8.4	31.9 ± 7.4	30.2 ± 5.3**	31.0 ± 7.5^§	P< 0.001	0.974
LAA volume	8.7 ± 3.9	8.6 ± 3.2	8.5 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 2.8	P= 0.797	0.094
LA voltage (mV)
Mean LA voltage	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.002	0.873
Anterior LA voltage	1.4 ± 0.6	1.2 ± .0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.034	0.878
Venous LA voltage	1.8 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.9*	1.1 ± 1.0**	0.8 ± 0.8^§	P= 0.001	1
LAA voltage	3.1 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 1.3^§	P= 0.018	0.708
LV function
LVEF (%)	61.0 ± 7.2	60.9 ± 7.4	60.1 ± 8.2	57.2 ± 10.8^§‡	P= 0.012	0.806
E/E’	8.5 ± 2.6	9.2 ± 3.6	9.7 ± 4.1	10.6 ± 4.4^§	P= 0.014	0.781
Hypertension	26 (29.9 %)	38 (43.7 %)	47 (54.0 %)**	45 (51.7 %)^§	P= 0.005	1
Renal insufficiency	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	P= 0.880	1
Recurrence	11 (12.6 %)	11 (12.6 %)	16 (18.4 %)	24 (27.6 %)^§	P= 0.005	1

	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	ANOVA	ANOVA
	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	(n= 87)	P value	Power
LA volumes (mL)
Entire LA volume	74.9 ± 13.7	101.2 ± 12.1*	128.2 ± 13.7**^†	170.8 ± 36.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Anterior LA volume	42.4 ± 10.5	60.6 ± 12.8*	78.6 ± 11.2**^†	104.4 ± 28.7^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Venous LA volume	26.1 ± 8.2	32.3 ± 6.6*	38.8 ± 8.2**^†	52.4 ± 15.0^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
LAA volume	6.5 ± 3.1	8.7 ± 3.3	10.8 ± 3.6**^†	14.0 ± 5.4^§‡[]	P< 0.001	1
Relative volumes of regional LA (%)
Anterior LA volume	56.4 ± 8.5	59.5 ± 7.5	61.3 ± 5.4**	60.7 ± 8.0^§	P< 0.001	0.979
Venous LA volume	34.9 ± 8.4	31.9 ± 7.4	30.2 ± 5.3**	31.0 ± 7.5^§	P< 0.001	0.974
LAA volume	8.7 ± 3.9	8.6 ± 3.2	8.5 ± 3.1	8.3 ± 2.8	P= 0.797	0.094
LA voltage (mV)
Mean LA voltage	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.002	0.873
Anterior LA voltage	1.4 ± 0.6	1.2 ± .0.6	1.3 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.6^§	P= 0.034	0.878
Venous LA voltage	1.8 ± 1.3	1.0 ± 0.9*	1.1 ± 1.0**	0.8 ± 0.8^§	P= 0.001	1
LAA voltage	3.1 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 1.5	2.5 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 1.3^§	P= 0.018	0.708
LV function
LVEF (%)	61.0 ± 7.2	60.9 ± 7.4	60.1 ± 8.2	57.2 ± 10.8^§‡	P= 0.012	0.806
E/E’	8.5 ± 2.6	9.2 ± 3.6	9.7 ± 4.1	10.6 ± 4.4^§	P= 0.014	0.781
Hypertension	26 (29.9 %)	38 (43.7 %)	47 (54.0 %)**	45 (51.7 %)^§	P= 0.005	1
Renal insufficiency	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	2 (2.3 %)	1 (1.1 %)	P= 0.880	1
Recurrence	11 (12.6 %)	11 (12.6 %)	16 (18.4 %)	24 (27.6 %)^§	P= 0.005	1

BSA, body surface area; LAA, LA appendage; LV, left ventricle; EF, ejection fraction, ANOVA, analysis of variance.

*P< 0.05, Grade 1 vs. Grade 2, **P< 0.05, Grade 1 vs. Grade 3, ^§P< 0.05, Grade 1 vs. Grade 4, ^†P< 0.05, Grade 2 vs. Grade 3, ^‡P< 0.05, Grade 2 vs. Grade 4, ^[]P< 0.05, Grade 3 vs. Grade 4.

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