Table 1.

Characteristics for all Adult Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients by Anticoagulation Status

CharacteristicOverallNo AnticoagulationProphylaxisTherapeutic
Total population, No.162 84258 67565 25638 911
Demographics
 Age, y, mean (SD)56 (19)49 (20)58 (18)61 (17)
 Male sex79 401 (49)24 895 (42)32 532 (50)21 974 (56)
 Race and ethnicitya
  Asian5356 (3.5)1706 (3.1)2412 (3.9)1238 (3.4)
  Hispanic or Latino33 713 (22)12 076 (22)13 785 (22)7852 (22)
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander251 (0.2)88 (0.2)116 (0.2)47 (0.1)
  Non-Hispanic black36 957 (24)14 933 (27)13 074 (21)8950 (25)
  Non-Hispanic white75 948 (50)25 775 (47)31 974 (52)18 199 (50)
  Other880 (0.6)303 (0.6)362 (0.6)215 (0.6)
 Regionb
  Midwest47 430 (35)17 136 (36)19 348 (37)10 946 (32)
  Northeast33 278 (25)11 242 (23)12 407 (24)9629 (28)
  South36 797 (27)14 715 (31)13 083 (25)8999 (26)
  West17 557 (13)5087 (11)7902 (15)4568 (13)
 Length of stay, d, mean (SD)9 (13)5 (9)9 (12)13 (16)
Comorbidities
 BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)c31 (9)30 (8)31 (9)32 (9)
 Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)
 Cancer10 733 (6.6)3563 (6.1)4488 (6.9)2682 (6.9)
 Chronic pulmonary disease21 046 (13)6972 (12)9247 (14)4827 (12)
 Congestive heart failure9455 (5.8)2842 (4.8)3893 (6.0)2720 (7.0)
 Dementia3527 (2.2)896 (1.5)1865 (2.9)766 (2.0)
 Diabetes mellitus with complications11 884 (7.3)3573 (6.1)5269 (8.1)3042 (7.8)
 Diabetes mellitus27 760 (17)7910 (13)12 711 (19)7139 (18)
 HIV830 (0.5)348 (0.6)339 (0.5)143 (0.4)
 Liver disease, mild7790 (4.8)2830 (4.8)3366 (5.2)1594 (4.1)
 Liver disease, severe1384 (0.8)620 (1.1)523 (0.8)241 (0.6)
 Metastases2281 (1.4)770 (1.3)909 (1.4)602 (1.5)
 Myocardial infarction4615 (2.8)1282 (2.2)2096 (3.2)1237 (3.2)
 Paralysis849 (0.5)258 (0.4)401 (0.6)190 (0.5)
 Peptic ulcer disease1544 (0.9)571 (1.0)663 (1.0)310 (0.8)
 Peripheral vascular disease8580 (5.3)2686 (4.6)3674 (5.6)2220 (5.7)
 Renal disease13 898 (8.5)4815 (8.2)5630 (8.6)3453 (8.9)
 Rheumatologic disease4836 (3.0)1511 (2.6)2179 (3.3)1146 (2.9)
Laboratory tests, mean (SD)
 CBC
  Hemoglobin, g/dL13.04 (2.21)12.69 (2.32)13.23 (2.10)13.17 (2.20)
  MCV, fL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Platelet count, ×10E3/µL229 (97)229 (95)228 (96)232 (100)
  Neutrophils, absolute, ×10E3/µL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Lymphocytes, absolute, ×10E3/µL1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
 CMP
  Glucose, mg/dL147 (78)135 (74)148 (77)158 (84)
  BUN, mg/dL21 (19)22 (22)20 (17)24 (20)
  Creatinine, mg/dL1.34 (1.67)1.50 (2.09)1.22 (1.38)1.37 (1.54)
  BUN/creatinine ratio18 (9)17 (9)18 (8)19 (9)
  Albumin, g/dL3.53 (0.61)3.65 (0.67)3.52 (0.57)3.39 (0.57)
  ALT, SGPT50 (163)49 (221)49 (127)52 (140)
  AST, SGOT63 (256)62 (327)60 (188)69 (271)
 Coagulation
   D-dimer, mg/L FEU2.11 (3.59)2.08 (3.90)1.85 (3.09)2.70 (4.24)
  International Normalized Ratio1.20 (0.62)1.29 (0.95)1.13 (0.39)1.21 (0.58)
  Fibrinogen, pg/mL521 (191)441 (188)531 (182)543 (195)
 Inflammatory and other
  ESR, mm/h56 (34)51 (35)56 (33)58 (33)
  IL-6, pg/mL96 (876)223 (2596)75 (239)97 (535)
  LDH, units/L454 (586)417 (878)417 (356)533 (692)
  Lactate, mM1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
CharacteristicOverallNo AnticoagulationProphylaxisTherapeutic
Total population, No.162 84258 67565 25638 911
Demographics
 Age, y, mean (SD)56 (19)49 (20)58 (18)61 (17)
 Male sex79 401 (49)24 895 (42)32 532 (50)21 974 (56)
 Race and ethnicitya
  Asian5356 (3.5)1706 (3.1)2412 (3.9)1238 (3.4)
  Hispanic or Latino33 713 (22)12 076 (22)13 785 (22)7852 (22)
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander251 (0.2)88 (0.2)116 (0.2)47 (0.1)
  Non-Hispanic black36 957 (24)14 933 (27)13 074 (21)8950 (25)
  Non-Hispanic white75 948 (50)25 775 (47)31 974 (52)18 199 (50)
  Other880 (0.6)303 (0.6)362 (0.6)215 (0.6)
 Regionb
  Midwest47 430 (35)17 136 (36)19 348 (37)10 946 (32)
  Northeast33 278 (25)11 242 (23)12 407 (24)9629 (28)
  South36 797 (27)14 715 (31)13 083 (25)8999 (26)
  West17 557 (13)5087 (11)7902 (15)4568 (13)
 Length of stay, d, mean (SD)9 (13)5 (9)9 (12)13 (16)
Comorbidities
 BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)c31 (9)30 (8)31 (9)32 (9)
 Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)
 Cancer10 733 (6.6)3563 (6.1)4488 (6.9)2682 (6.9)
 Chronic pulmonary disease21 046 (13)6972 (12)9247 (14)4827 (12)
 Congestive heart failure9455 (5.8)2842 (4.8)3893 (6.0)2720 (7.0)
 Dementia3527 (2.2)896 (1.5)1865 (2.9)766 (2.0)
 Diabetes mellitus with complications11 884 (7.3)3573 (6.1)5269 (8.1)3042 (7.8)
 Diabetes mellitus27 760 (17)7910 (13)12 711 (19)7139 (18)
 HIV830 (0.5)348 (0.6)339 (0.5)143 (0.4)
 Liver disease, mild7790 (4.8)2830 (4.8)3366 (5.2)1594 (4.1)
 Liver disease, severe1384 (0.8)620 (1.1)523 (0.8)241 (0.6)
 Metastases2281 (1.4)770 (1.3)909 (1.4)602 (1.5)
 Myocardial infarction4615 (2.8)1282 (2.2)2096 (3.2)1237 (3.2)
 Paralysis849 (0.5)258 (0.4)401 (0.6)190 (0.5)
 Peptic ulcer disease1544 (0.9)571 (1.0)663 (1.0)310 (0.8)
 Peripheral vascular disease8580 (5.3)2686 (4.6)3674 (5.6)2220 (5.7)
 Renal disease13 898 (8.5)4815 (8.2)5630 (8.6)3453 (8.9)
 Rheumatologic disease4836 (3.0)1511 (2.6)2179 (3.3)1146 (2.9)
Laboratory tests, mean (SD)
 CBC
  Hemoglobin, g/dL13.04 (2.21)12.69 (2.32)13.23 (2.10)13.17 (2.20)
  MCV, fL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Platelet count, ×10E3/µL229 (97)229 (95)228 (96)232 (100)
  Neutrophils, absolute, ×10E3/µL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Lymphocytes, absolute, ×10E3/µL1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
 CMP
  Glucose, mg/dL147 (78)135 (74)148 (77)158 (84)
  BUN, mg/dL21 (19)22 (22)20 (17)24 (20)
  Creatinine, mg/dL1.34 (1.67)1.50 (2.09)1.22 (1.38)1.37 (1.54)
  BUN/creatinine ratio18 (9)17 (9)18 (8)19 (9)
  Albumin, g/dL3.53 (0.61)3.65 (0.67)3.52 (0.57)3.39 (0.57)
  ALT, SGPT50 (163)49 (221)49 (127)52 (140)
  AST, SGOT63 (256)62 (327)60 (188)69 (271)
 Coagulation
   D-dimer, mg/L FEU2.11 (3.59)2.08 (3.90)1.85 (3.09)2.70 (4.24)
  International Normalized Ratio1.20 (0.62)1.29 (0.95)1.13 (0.39)1.21 (0.58)
  Fibrinogen, pg/mL521 (191)441 (188)531 (182)543 (195)
 Inflammatory and other
  ESR, mm/h56 (34)51 (35)56 (33)58 (33)
  IL-6, pg/mL96 (876)223 (2596)75 (239)97 (535)
  LDH, units/L454 (586)417 (878)417 (356)533 (692)
  Lactate, mM1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)

Continuous variables presented as mean (standard deviation), as indicated, and categorical variables as frequency, No. (%).

Abbreviations: ALT, SGPT, alanine aminotransferase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; AST, SGOT, aspartate aminotransferase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CBC, complete blood count; CMP, comprehensive metabolic panel; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent unit; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL-6, interleukin 6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCV, mean corpuscular volume.

Missing, 9737.

Missing, 27 780.

Missing, 12 864.

Table 1.

Characteristics for all Adult Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients by Anticoagulation Status

CharacteristicOverallNo AnticoagulationProphylaxisTherapeutic
Total population, No.162 84258 67565 25638 911
Demographics
 Age, y, mean (SD)56 (19)49 (20)58 (18)61 (17)
 Male sex79 401 (49)24 895 (42)32 532 (50)21 974 (56)
 Race and ethnicitya
  Asian5356 (3.5)1706 (3.1)2412 (3.9)1238 (3.4)
  Hispanic or Latino33 713 (22)12 076 (22)13 785 (22)7852 (22)
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander251 (0.2)88 (0.2)116 (0.2)47 (0.1)
  Non-Hispanic black36 957 (24)14 933 (27)13 074 (21)8950 (25)
  Non-Hispanic white75 948 (50)25 775 (47)31 974 (52)18 199 (50)
  Other880 (0.6)303 (0.6)362 (0.6)215 (0.6)
 Regionb
  Midwest47 430 (35)17 136 (36)19 348 (37)10 946 (32)
  Northeast33 278 (25)11 242 (23)12 407 (24)9629 (28)
  South36 797 (27)14 715 (31)13 083 (25)8999 (26)
  West17 557 (13)5087 (11)7902 (15)4568 (13)
 Length of stay, d, mean (SD)9 (13)5 (9)9 (12)13 (16)
Comorbidities
 BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)c31 (9)30 (8)31 (9)32 (9)
 Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)
 Cancer10 733 (6.6)3563 (6.1)4488 (6.9)2682 (6.9)
 Chronic pulmonary disease21 046 (13)6972 (12)9247 (14)4827 (12)
 Congestive heart failure9455 (5.8)2842 (4.8)3893 (6.0)2720 (7.0)
 Dementia3527 (2.2)896 (1.5)1865 (2.9)766 (2.0)
 Diabetes mellitus with complications11 884 (7.3)3573 (6.1)5269 (8.1)3042 (7.8)
 Diabetes mellitus27 760 (17)7910 (13)12 711 (19)7139 (18)
 HIV830 (0.5)348 (0.6)339 (0.5)143 (0.4)
 Liver disease, mild7790 (4.8)2830 (4.8)3366 (5.2)1594 (4.1)
 Liver disease, severe1384 (0.8)620 (1.1)523 (0.8)241 (0.6)
 Metastases2281 (1.4)770 (1.3)909 (1.4)602 (1.5)
 Myocardial infarction4615 (2.8)1282 (2.2)2096 (3.2)1237 (3.2)
 Paralysis849 (0.5)258 (0.4)401 (0.6)190 (0.5)
 Peptic ulcer disease1544 (0.9)571 (1.0)663 (1.0)310 (0.8)
 Peripheral vascular disease8580 (5.3)2686 (4.6)3674 (5.6)2220 (5.7)
 Renal disease13 898 (8.5)4815 (8.2)5630 (8.6)3453 (8.9)
 Rheumatologic disease4836 (3.0)1511 (2.6)2179 (3.3)1146 (2.9)
Laboratory tests, mean (SD)
 CBC
  Hemoglobin, g/dL13.04 (2.21)12.69 (2.32)13.23 (2.10)13.17 (2.20)
  MCV, fL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Platelet count, ×10E3/µL229 (97)229 (95)228 (96)232 (100)
  Neutrophils, absolute, ×10E3/µL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Lymphocytes, absolute, ×10E3/µL1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
 CMP
  Glucose, mg/dL147 (78)135 (74)148 (77)158 (84)
  BUN, mg/dL21 (19)22 (22)20 (17)24 (20)
  Creatinine, mg/dL1.34 (1.67)1.50 (2.09)1.22 (1.38)1.37 (1.54)
  BUN/creatinine ratio18 (9)17 (9)18 (8)19 (9)
  Albumin, g/dL3.53 (0.61)3.65 (0.67)3.52 (0.57)3.39 (0.57)
  ALT, SGPT50 (163)49 (221)49 (127)52 (140)
  AST, SGOT63 (256)62 (327)60 (188)69 (271)
 Coagulation
   D-dimer, mg/L FEU2.11 (3.59)2.08 (3.90)1.85 (3.09)2.70 (4.24)
  International Normalized Ratio1.20 (0.62)1.29 (0.95)1.13 (0.39)1.21 (0.58)
  Fibrinogen, pg/mL521 (191)441 (188)531 (182)543 (195)
 Inflammatory and other
  ESR, mm/h56 (34)51 (35)56 (33)58 (33)
  IL-6, pg/mL96 (876)223 (2596)75 (239)97 (535)
  LDH, units/L454 (586)417 (878)417 (356)533 (692)
  Lactate, mM1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
CharacteristicOverallNo AnticoagulationProphylaxisTherapeutic
Total population, No.162 84258 67565 25638 911
Demographics
 Age, y, mean (SD)56 (19)49 (20)58 (18)61 (17)
 Male sex79 401 (49)24 895 (42)32 532 (50)21 974 (56)
 Race and ethnicitya
  Asian5356 (3.5)1706 (3.1)2412 (3.9)1238 (3.4)
  Hispanic or Latino33 713 (22)12 076 (22)13 785 (22)7852 (22)
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander251 (0.2)88 (0.2)116 (0.2)47 (0.1)
  Non-Hispanic black36 957 (24)14 933 (27)13 074 (21)8950 (25)
  Non-Hispanic white75 948 (50)25 775 (47)31 974 (52)18 199 (50)
  Other880 (0.6)303 (0.6)362 (0.6)215 (0.6)
 Regionb
  Midwest47 430 (35)17 136 (36)19 348 (37)10 946 (32)
  Northeast33 278 (25)11 242 (23)12 407 (24)9629 (28)
  South36 797 (27)14 715 (31)13 083 (25)8999 (26)
  West17 557 (13)5087 (11)7902 (15)4568 (13)
 Length of stay, d, mean (SD)9 (13)5 (9)9 (12)13 (16)
Comorbidities
 BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)c31 (9)30 (8)31 (9)32 (9)
 Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)1 (2)
 Cancer10 733 (6.6)3563 (6.1)4488 (6.9)2682 (6.9)
 Chronic pulmonary disease21 046 (13)6972 (12)9247 (14)4827 (12)
 Congestive heart failure9455 (5.8)2842 (4.8)3893 (6.0)2720 (7.0)
 Dementia3527 (2.2)896 (1.5)1865 (2.9)766 (2.0)
 Diabetes mellitus with complications11 884 (7.3)3573 (6.1)5269 (8.1)3042 (7.8)
 Diabetes mellitus27 760 (17)7910 (13)12 711 (19)7139 (18)
 HIV830 (0.5)348 (0.6)339 (0.5)143 (0.4)
 Liver disease, mild7790 (4.8)2830 (4.8)3366 (5.2)1594 (4.1)
 Liver disease, severe1384 (0.8)620 (1.1)523 (0.8)241 (0.6)
 Metastases2281 (1.4)770 (1.3)909 (1.4)602 (1.5)
 Myocardial infarction4615 (2.8)1282 (2.2)2096 (3.2)1237 (3.2)
 Paralysis849 (0.5)258 (0.4)401 (0.6)190 (0.5)
 Peptic ulcer disease1544 (0.9)571 (1.0)663 (1.0)310 (0.8)
 Peripheral vascular disease8580 (5.3)2686 (4.6)3674 (5.6)2220 (5.7)
 Renal disease13 898 (8.5)4815 (8.2)5630 (8.6)3453 (8.9)
 Rheumatologic disease4836 (3.0)1511 (2.6)2179 (3.3)1146 (2.9)
Laboratory tests, mean (SD)
 CBC
  Hemoglobin, g/dL13.04 (2.21)12.69 (2.32)13.23 (2.10)13.17 (2.20)
  MCV, fL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Platelet count, ×10E3/µL229 (97)229 (95)228 (96)232 (100)
  Neutrophils, absolute, ×10E3/µL88 (7)88 (7)88 (7)89 (7)
  Lymphocytes, absolute, ×10E3/µL1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)
 CMP
  Glucose, mg/dL147 (78)135 (74)148 (77)158 (84)
  BUN, mg/dL21 (19)22 (22)20 (17)24 (20)
  Creatinine, mg/dL1.34 (1.67)1.50 (2.09)1.22 (1.38)1.37 (1.54)
  BUN/creatinine ratio18 (9)17 (9)18 (8)19 (9)
  Albumin, g/dL3.53 (0.61)3.65 (0.67)3.52 (0.57)3.39 (0.57)
  ALT, SGPT50 (163)49 (221)49 (127)52 (140)
  AST, SGOT63 (256)62 (327)60 (188)69 (271)
 Coagulation
   D-dimer, mg/L FEU2.11 (3.59)2.08 (3.90)1.85 (3.09)2.70 (4.24)
  International Normalized Ratio1.20 (0.62)1.29 (0.95)1.13 (0.39)1.21 (0.58)
  Fibrinogen, pg/mL521 (191)441 (188)531 (182)543 (195)
 Inflammatory and other
  ESR, mm/h56 (34)51 (35)56 (33)58 (33)
  IL-6, pg/mL96 (876)223 (2596)75 (239)97 (535)
  LDH, units/L454 (586)417 (878)417 (356)533 (692)
  Lactate, mM1.91 (1.54)2.06 (2.10)1.76 (1.22)2.02 (1.47)

Continuous variables presented as mean (standard deviation), as indicated, and categorical variables as frequency, No. (%).

Abbreviations: ALT, SGPT, alanine aminotransferase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; AST, SGOT, aspartate aminotransferase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CBC, complete blood count; CMP, comprehensive metabolic panel; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent unit; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL-6, interleukin 6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCV, mean corpuscular volume.

Missing, 9737.

Missing, 27 780.

Missing, 12 864.

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