Risk Factors Associated With Infectious Disease Syndromes Impacting Daily Activities
| . | ID Syndrome Impacting Daily Activities (n = 471) . | Univariate OR (95% CI) . | Multivariate OR (95% CI) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 471 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Male gender | 411 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian (ref) | 386 | |||
| Black/other | 85 | 0.8 (0.6–0.99) | ||
| Type of travel | ||||
| Temporary duty assignment (ref) | 84 | |||
| Deployment | 272 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | .006 |
| Exercise | 115 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | .004 |
| Travel duration >6 wk | 387 | 3.2 (2.5–4.2) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Geographic regiona | ||||
| US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) (ref) | 45 | |||
| US Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) | 157 | 0.7 (0.4–0.96) | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | .021 |
| US Africa command (AFRICOM) | 141 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | .032 |
| US Central Command (CENTCOM) | 95 | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | <.001 |
| US European Command (EUCOM) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | .169 |
| Multiple geographic regions | 18 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | .125 |
| Hotel without air conditioning, tent, or dormitory/barracks | 401 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | ||
| Environmental exposures—wading in fresh water, rodent exposure, working in abandoned buildings or an animal slaughter areab | 238 | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | .004 |
| Partial compliance or noncompliance with malaria chemoprophylaxisc | 153 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | ||
| Close contact with localsd | 330 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | <.001 |
| Inability to wash or sanitize hands before meals | 127 | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | .001 |
| Consuming food from street vendors | 212 | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | <.001 |
| . | ID Syndrome Impacting Daily Activities (n = 471) . | Univariate OR (95% CI) . | Multivariate OR (95% CI) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 471 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Male gender | 411 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian (ref) | 386 | |||
| Black/other | 85 | 0.8 (0.6–0.99) | ||
| Type of travel | ||||
| Temporary duty assignment (ref) | 84 | |||
| Deployment | 272 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | .006 |
| Exercise | 115 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | .004 |
| Travel duration >6 wk | 387 | 3.2 (2.5–4.2) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Geographic regiona | ||||
| US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) (ref) | 45 | |||
| US Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) | 157 | 0.7 (0.4–0.96) | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | .021 |
| US Africa command (AFRICOM) | 141 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | .032 |
| US Central Command (CENTCOM) | 95 | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | <.001 |
| US European Command (EUCOM) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | .169 |
| Multiple geographic regions | 18 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | .125 |
| Hotel without air conditioning, tent, or dormitory/barracks | 401 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | ||
| Environmental exposures—wading in fresh water, rodent exposure, working in abandoned buildings or an animal slaughter areab | 238 | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | .004 |
| Partial compliance or noncompliance with malaria chemoprophylaxisc | 153 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | ||
| Close contact with localsd | 330 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | <.001 |
| Inability to wash or sanitize hands before meals | 127 | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | .001 |
| Consuming food from street vendors | 212 | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ID, infectious diseases; OR, odds ratio.
Geographic regions were based on the United States Department of Defense areas of responsibility for command and control of US military forces.
Abstracted from post-travel survey: “Did you have any exposure to rats including old, abandoned buildings or working in an animal slaughter area?” and “Did you have contact with fresh water from lakes, streams, or rivers (wading/bathing/swimming/etc.)? Do not include swimming pools.”
Travel to malaria-endemic region and malaria chemoprophylaxis prescription abstracted from predeployment visit. Dosing frequency and adherence with malaria prophylaxis abstracted from post-travel survey. Partial or noncompliance defined as missing any doses of a weekly antimalarial or >2 doses of a daily antimalarial.
Abstracted from post-travel survey; definition provided: “being within approximately 6 feet (2 meters) or within the room or care area for a prolonged period of time (eg, healthcare personnel, household members) or having direct contact with secretions.”
Risk Factors Associated With Infectious Disease Syndromes Impacting Daily Activities
| . | ID Syndrome Impacting Daily Activities (n = 471) . | Univariate OR (95% CI) . | Multivariate OR (95% CI) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 471 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Male gender | 411 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian (ref) | 386 | |||
| Black/other | 85 | 0.8 (0.6–0.99) | ||
| Type of travel | ||||
| Temporary duty assignment (ref) | 84 | |||
| Deployment | 272 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | .006 |
| Exercise | 115 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | .004 |
| Travel duration >6 wk | 387 | 3.2 (2.5–4.2) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Geographic regiona | ||||
| US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) (ref) | 45 | |||
| US Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) | 157 | 0.7 (0.4–0.96) | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | .021 |
| US Africa command (AFRICOM) | 141 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | .032 |
| US Central Command (CENTCOM) | 95 | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | <.001 |
| US European Command (EUCOM) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | .169 |
| Multiple geographic regions | 18 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | .125 |
| Hotel without air conditioning, tent, or dormitory/barracks | 401 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | ||
| Environmental exposures—wading in fresh water, rodent exposure, working in abandoned buildings or an animal slaughter areab | 238 | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | .004 |
| Partial compliance or noncompliance with malaria chemoprophylaxisc | 153 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | ||
| Close contact with localsd | 330 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | <.001 |
| Inability to wash or sanitize hands before meals | 127 | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | .001 |
| Consuming food from street vendors | 212 | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | <.001 |
| . | ID Syndrome Impacting Daily Activities (n = 471) . | Univariate OR (95% CI) . | Multivariate OR (95% CI) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 471 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | ||
| Male gender | 411 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian (ref) | 386 | |||
| Black/other | 85 | 0.8 (0.6–0.99) | ||
| Type of travel | ||||
| Temporary duty assignment (ref) | 84 | |||
| Deployment | 272 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | .006 |
| Exercise | 115 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | .004 |
| Travel duration >6 wk | 387 | 3.2 (2.5–4.2) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Geographic regiona | ||||
| US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) (ref) | 45 | |||
| US Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) | 157 | 0.7 (0.4–0.96) | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | .021 |
| US Africa command (AFRICOM) | 141 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | .032 |
| US Central Command (CENTCOM) | 95 | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | <.001 |
| US European Command (EUCOM) | 15 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.9) | .169 |
| Multiple geographic regions | 18 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | .125 |
| Hotel without air conditioning, tent, or dormitory/barracks | 401 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | ||
| Environmental exposures—wading in fresh water, rodent exposure, working in abandoned buildings or an animal slaughter areab | 238 | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | .004 |
| Partial compliance or noncompliance with malaria chemoprophylaxisc | 153 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | ||
| Close contact with localsd | 330 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | <.001 |
| Inability to wash or sanitize hands before meals | 127 | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | .001 |
| Consuming food from street vendors | 212 | 2.4 (1.9–3.0) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ID, infectious diseases; OR, odds ratio.
Geographic regions were based on the United States Department of Defense areas of responsibility for command and control of US military forces.
Abstracted from post-travel survey: “Did you have any exposure to rats including old, abandoned buildings or working in an animal slaughter area?” and “Did you have contact with fresh water from lakes, streams, or rivers (wading/bathing/swimming/etc.)? Do not include swimming pools.”
Travel to malaria-endemic region and malaria chemoprophylaxis prescription abstracted from predeployment visit. Dosing frequency and adherence with malaria prophylaxis abstracted from post-travel survey. Partial or noncompliance defined as missing any doses of a weekly antimalarial or >2 doses of a daily antimalarial.
Abstracted from post-travel survey; definition provided: “being within approximately 6 feet (2 meters) or within the room or care area for a prolonged period of time (eg, healthcare personnel, household members) or having direct contact with secretions.”
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