| Variablea . | FW hospital populations . | UNOS populations (IMPACT score) . | UNOS populations (UNOS score) . | UNOS populations (RSS strata) . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 2015.01–2019.07 | 1997.01–2008.12 | 2005.01–2013.12 | 2001.01–2007.12 | |
| Number | 428 | 171 079 | 17 131 | 11 703 | |
| Age, years | 47.2 ± 12.6 | 52.1 ± 11.9 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 108/428 (25.2%) | 4048/17 079 (23.7%) | NA | NA | 0.46 |
| Heart failure aetiology | |||||
| Idiopathicb | 326/428 (76.2%) | 7050/17 079 (42.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic | 65/428 (15.2%) | 8118/17 079 (47.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Congenital | 6/428 (1.4%) | 400/17 079 (2.3%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Others | 31/428 (7.2%) | 1511/17 079 (8.8%) | NA | NA | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 22/428 (5.1%) | 5579/14 224 (39.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80/428 (18.7%) | 3618/16 718 (21.6%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Creatinine clearance,c ml/min | 79.3 ± 30.5 | 66.3 ± 25.8 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Serum bilirubin, mg/dl | 1.38 ± 0.59 | 1.24 ± 2.11 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Preoperative mechanical ventilation | 8/428 (1.9%) | 456/17 079 (2.7%) | NA | NA | 0.31 |
| ECMO | 12/428 (2.8%) | 240/17 079 (1.4%) | NA | NA | 0.02 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 55/428 (12.9%) | 927/17 079 (5.4%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist device | |||||
| Early generationd | 0/428 (0.0%) | 2,298/17 079 (13.5%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Late generatione | 0/428 (0.0%) | 374/17 079 (2.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time, h | 4.84 ± 1.75 | 3.15 ± 1.04 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2f | 2/62 (3.2%) | NA | 2660/5784 (46.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| MPAP >30 mmHgf | 32/62 (51.6%) | NA | 3760/5784 (65.0%) | NA | 0.03 |
| Creatinine >1.5 mg/dayf | 29/62 (46.8%) | NA | 3644/5784 (63.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist devicef,g | 0/62 (0.0%) | NA | 2603/5784 (45.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time >4, hh | 68/68 (100.0%) | NA | 1168/1327 (88.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Gender mismatchh | 53/68 (77.9%) | NA | 1075/1327 (81.0%) | NA | 0.53 |
| RSS risk group strata, n (%) | |||||
| Low risk | 39 (9.1%) | NA | NA | 3242 (27.7%) | <0.01 |
| Intermediate risk | 291 (68.0%) | NA | NA | 6347 (54.2%) | <0.01 |
| Moderate risk | 84 (19.6%) | NA | NA | 1543 (13.2%) | <0.01 |
| Elevated risk | 9 (2.1%) | NA | NA | 310 (2.6%) | 0.49 |
| High risk | 5 (1.2%) | NA | NA | 261 (2.2%) | 0.15 |
| Variablea . | FW hospital populations . | UNOS populations (IMPACT score) . | UNOS populations (UNOS score) . | UNOS populations (RSS strata) . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 2015.01–2019.07 | 1997.01–2008.12 | 2005.01–2013.12 | 2001.01–2007.12 | |
| Number | 428 | 171 079 | 17 131 | 11 703 | |
| Age, years | 47.2 ± 12.6 | 52.1 ± 11.9 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 108/428 (25.2%) | 4048/17 079 (23.7%) | NA | NA | 0.46 |
| Heart failure aetiology | |||||
| Idiopathicb | 326/428 (76.2%) | 7050/17 079 (42.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic | 65/428 (15.2%) | 8118/17 079 (47.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Congenital | 6/428 (1.4%) | 400/17 079 (2.3%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Others | 31/428 (7.2%) | 1511/17 079 (8.8%) | NA | NA | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 22/428 (5.1%) | 5579/14 224 (39.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80/428 (18.7%) | 3618/16 718 (21.6%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Creatinine clearance,c ml/min | 79.3 ± 30.5 | 66.3 ± 25.8 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Serum bilirubin, mg/dl | 1.38 ± 0.59 | 1.24 ± 2.11 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Preoperative mechanical ventilation | 8/428 (1.9%) | 456/17 079 (2.7%) | NA | NA | 0.31 |
| ECMO | 12/428 (2.8%) | 240/17 079 (1.4%) | NA | NA | 0.02 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 55/428 (12.9%) | 927/17 079 (5.4%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist device | |||||
| Early generationd | 0/428 (0.0%) | 2,298/17 079 (13.5%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Late generatione | 0/428 (0.0%) | 374/17 079 (2.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time, h | 4.84 ± 1.75 | 3.15 ± 1.04 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2f | 2/62 (3.2%) | NA | 2660/5784 (46.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| MPAP >30 mmHgf | 32/62 (51.6%) | NA | 3760/5784 (65.0%) | NA | 0.03 |
| Creatinine >1.5 mg/dayf | 29/62 (46.8%) | NA | 3644/5784 (63.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist devicef,g | 0/62 (0.0%) | NA | 2603/5784 (45.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time >4, hh | 68/68 (100.0%) | NA | 1168/1327 (88.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Gender mismatchh | 53/68 (77.9%) | NA | 1075/1327 (81.0%) | NA | 0.53 |
| RSS risk group strata, n (%) | |||||
| Low risk | 39 (9.1%) | NA | NA | 3242 (27.7%) | <0.01 |
| Intermediate risk | 291 (68.0%) | NA | NA | 6347 (54.2%) | <0.01 |
| Moderate risk | 84 (19.6%) | NA | NA | 1543 (13.2%) | <0.01 |
| Elevated risk | 9 (2.1%) | NA | NA | 310 (2.6%) | 0.49 |
| High risk | 5 (1.2%) | NA | NA | 261 (2.2%) | 0.15 |
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data as number (%) of the overall cohort, unless otherwise specified.
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy includes dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Based on a Cockcroft-Gault calculation: = {[140 − age (years)] × weight (kg)/[7.2 × plasma creatinine (mg/dl)]} × (0.85 if female).
Early generation includes para- and intracorporeal pulsatile ventricular assist devices, including Abiomed AB5000, HeartMate I, XE and XVE, Thoratec IVAD (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA, USA); Toyobo (Toybo, Osaka, Japan); Novacor (World Heart Inc, Oakland, CA, USA); Medos (Medos, Stolberg, Germany); and LionHeart (Arrow International Inc, Reading, PA, USA).
Later generation continuous ventricular assist devices including HeartMate II, Jarvik (Jarvik Heart Inc, New York, NY, USA); Micromed, Debakey (MicroMed Technology Inc, Houston, TX, USA); and VentrAssist (Ventracor, Sydney, Australia).
Because the original publication on the United Network for Organ Sharing score provided only the data on major factors within the high-risk recipient group (total recipient score ≥3), we compared only the baseline characteristics in the high-risk recipient group between the 2 populations.
The left VAD used in China include 2 domestic brands, including the EverHeart VAD and CH-VAD.
The original publication on the United Network for Organ Sharing score provided only the data on major factors within the high-risk donor group (total recipient score ≥3), so we compared only the baseline characteristics in the high-risk donor group between the 2 populations.
BMI: body mass index; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FW: Fuwai; IMPACT: Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation; MPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; RSS: risk stratification score; UNOS: United Network for Organ Sharing; VAD: ventricular assist devices; NA: not available.
| Variablea . | FW hospital populations . | UNOS populations (IMPACT score) . | UNOS populations (UNOS score) . | UNOS populations (RSS strata) . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 2015.01–2019.07 | 1997.01–2008.12 | 2005.01–2013.12 | 2001.01–2007.12 | |
| Number | 428 | 171 079 | 17 131 | 11 703 | |
| Age, years | 47.2 ± 12.6 | 52.1 ± 11.9 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 108/428 (25.2%) | 4048/17 079 (23.7%) | NA | NA | 0.46 |
| Heart failure aetiology | |||||
| Idiopathicb | 326/428 (76.2%) | 7050/17 079 (42.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic | 65/428 (15.2%) | 8118/17 079 (47.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Congenital | 6/428 (1.4%) | 400/17 079 (2.3%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Others | 31/428 (7.2%) | 1511/17 079 (8.8%) | NA | NA | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 22/428 (5.1%) | 5579/14 224 (39.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80/428 (18.7%) | 3618/16 718 (21.6%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Creatinine clearance,c ml/min | 79.3 ± 30.5 | 66.3 ± 25.8 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Serum bilirubin, mg/dl | 1.38 ± 0.59 | 1.24 ± 2.11 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Preoperative mechanical ventilation | 8/428 (1.9%) | 456/17 079 (2.7%) | NA | NA | 0.31 |
| ECMO | 12/428 (2.8%) | 240/17 079 (1.4%) | NA | NA | 0.02 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 55/428 (12.9%) | 927/17 079 (5.4%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist device | |||||
| Early generationd | 0/428 (0.0%) | 2,298/17 079 (13.5%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Late generatione | 0/428 (0.0%) | 374/17 079 (2.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time, h | 4.84 ± 1.75 | 3.15 ± 1.04 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2f | 2/62 (3.2%) | NA | 2660/5784 (46.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| MPAP >30 mmHgf | 32/62 (51.6%) | NA | 3760/5784 (65.0%) | NA | 0.03 |
| Creatinine >1.5 mg/dayf | 29/62 (46.8%) | NA | 3644/5784 (63.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist devicef,g | 0/62 (0.0%) | NA | 2603/5784 (45.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time >4, hh | 68/68 (100.0%) | NA | 1168/1327 (88.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Gender mismatchh | 53/68 (77.9%) | NA | 1075/1327 (81.0%) | NA | 0.53 |
| RSS risk group strata, n (%) | |||||
| Low risk | 39 (9.1%) | NA | NA | 3242 (27.7%) | <0.01 |
| Intermediate risk | 291 (68.0%) | NA | NA | 6347 (54.2%) | <0.01 |
| Moderate risk | 84 (19.6%) | NA | NA | 1543 (13.2%) | <0.01 |
| Elevated risk | 9 (2.1%) | NA | NA | 310 (2.6%) | 0.49 |
| High risk | 5 (1.2%) | NA | NA | 261 (2.2%) | 0.15 |
| Variablea . | FW hospital populations . | UNOS populations (IMPACT score) . | UNOS populations (UNOS score) . | UNOS populations (RSS strata) . | P-Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 2015.01–2019.07 | 1997.01–2008.12 | 2005.01–2013.12 | 2001.01–2007.12 | |
| Number | 428 | 171 079 | 17 131 | 11 703 | |
| Age, years | 47.2 ± 12.6 | 52.1 ± 11.9 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 108/428 (25.2%) | 4048/17 079 (23.7%) | NA | NA | 0.46 |
| Heart failure aetiology | |||||
| Idiopathicb | 326/428 (76.2%) | 7050/17 079 (42.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic | 65/428 (15.2%) | 8118/17 079 (47.1%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Congenital | 6/428 (1.4%) | 400/17 079 (2.3%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Others | 31/428 (7.2%) | 1511/17 079 (8.8%) | NA | NA | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 22/428 (5.1%) | 5579/14 224 (39.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80/428 (18.7%) | 3618/16 718 (21.6%) | NA | NA | 0.21 |
| Creatinine clearance,c ml/min | 79.3 ± 30.5 | 66.3 ± 25.8 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Serum bilirubin, mg/dl | 1.38 ± 0.59 | 1.24 ± 2.11 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Preoperative mechanical ventilation | 8/428 (1.9%) | 456/17 079 (2.7%) | NA | NA | 0.31 |
| ECMO | 12/428 (2.8%) | 240/17 079 (1.4%) | NA | NA | 0.02 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 55/428 (12.9%) | 927/17 079 (5.4%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist device | |||||
| Early generationd | 0/428 (0.0%) | 2,298/17 079 (13.5%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Late generatione | 0/428 (0.0%) | 374/17 079 (2.2%) | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time, h | 4.84 ± 1.75 | 3.15 ± 1.04 | NA | NA | <0.01 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2f | 2/62 (3.2%) | NA | 2660/5784 (46.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| MPAP >30 mmHgf | 32/62 (51.6%) | NA | 3760/5784 (65.0%) | NA | 0.03 |
| Creatinine >1.5 mg/dayf | 29/62 (46.8%) | NA | 3644/5784 (63.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ventricular assist devicef,g | 0/62 (0.0%) | NA | 2603/5784 (45.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Ischaemic time >4, hh | 68/68 (100.0%) | NA | 1168/1327 (88.0%) | NA | <0.01 |
| Gender mismatchh | 53/68 (77.9%) | NA | 1075/1327 (81.0%) | NA | 0.53 |
| RSS risk group strata, n (%) | |||||
| Low risk | 39 (9.1%) | NA | NA | 3242 (27.7%) | <0.01 |
| Intermediate risk | 291 (68.0%) | NA | NA | 6347 (54.2%) | <0.01 |
| Moderate risk | 84 (19.6%) | NA | NA | 1543 (13.2%) | <0.01 |
| Elevated risk | 9 (2.1%) | NA | NA | 310 (2.6%) | 0.49 |
| High risk | 5 (1.2%) | NA | NA | 261 (2.2%) | 0.15 |
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data as number (%) of the overall cohort, unless otherwise specified.
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy includes dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Based on a Cockcroft-Gault calculation: = {[140 − age (years)] × weight (kg)/[7.2 × plasma creatinine (mg/dl)]} × (0.85 if female).
Early generation includes para- and intracorporeal pulsatile ventricular assist devices, including Abiomed AB5000, HeartMate I, XE and XVE, Thoratec IVAD (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA, USA); Toyobo (Toybo, Osaka, Japan); Novacor (World Heart Inc, Oakland, CA, USA); Medos (Medos, Stolberg, Germany); and LionHeart (Arrow International Inc, Reading, PA, USA).
Later generation continuous ventricular assist devices including HeartMate II, Jarvik (Jarvik Heart Inc, New York, NY, USA); Micromed, Debakey (MicroMed Technology Inc, Houston, TX, USA); and VentrAssist (Ventracor, Sydney, Australia).
Because the original publication on the United Network for Organ Sharing score provided only the data on major factors within the high-risk recipient group (total recipient score ≥3), we compared only the baseline characteristics in the high-risk recipient group between the 2 populations.
The left VAD used in China include 2 domestic brands, including the EverHeart VAD and CH-VAD.
The original publication on the United Network for Organ Sharing score provided only the data on major factors within the high-risk donor group (total recipient score ≥3), so we compared only the baseline characteristics in the high-risk donor group between the 2 populations.
BMI: body mass index; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FW: Fuwai; IMPACT: Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation; MPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; RSS: risk stratification score; UNOS: United Network for Organ Sharing; VAD: ventricular assist devices; NA: not available.
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