Table 3 Open in new tab... | Oxford Academic

	Primary outcome	Univariate Cox analysis
Echocardiography (n = 542)
Moderate–severe RV systolic dysfunction	44/71, 62%	145/471, 31%	3.44	(2.13–5.56)	<.001
Moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation	44/69, 64%	210/460, 46%	1.93	(1.18–3.16)	.009
LVOT velocity (m/s)	2.1 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.1	1.20	(0.82–1.78)
Exercise testing (n = 238)
Peak heart rate at exercise (b.p.m.)^a	142 ± 26	149 ± 31	0.95	(0.85–1.06)
Oxygen saturation at peak exercise (%)	94 ± 9	96 ± 5	0.99	(0.92–1.06)
VE/VCO₂ slope	31.9 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 6.5	1.00	(0.97–1.04)
Percent of predicted maximum VO₂ (%)	66 ± 42	75 ± 27	0.99	(0.97–1.01)
Magnetic resonance (n = 197)
RV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	139 ± 50	113 ± 40	1.14	(1.06–1.23)	<.001
RV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	79 ± 43	58 ± 29	1.21	(1.10–1.32)	<.001
RV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	60 ± 18	56 ± 19	1.08	(0.91–1.28)
RV ejection fraction (%)	46 ± 13	50 ± 10	0.96	(0.92–0.99)	.018
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	96 ± 32	78 ± 31	1.24	(1.09–1.39)	.001
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 26	32 ± 19	1.42	(1.23–1.64)	<.001
LV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 19	46 ± 18	0.99	(0.73–1.33)
LV ejection fraction (%)	51 ± 13	60 ± 11	0.92	(0.89–0.95)	<.001
Systemic cardiac index (L/min/m²)	3.5 (2.7–3.8)	3.3 (2.8–4.0)	0.89	(0.60–1.33)

Primary outcome

Univariate Cox analysis

Yes

95% CI

P-value

(n = 75)

(n = 483)

Echocardiography (n = 542)

Moderate–severe RV systolic dysfunction

44/71, 62%

145/471, 31%

3.44

(2.13–5.56)

<.001

Moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation

44/69, 64%

210/460, 46%

1.93

(1.18–3.16)

.009

LVOT velocity (m/s)

2.1 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 1.1

1.20

(0.82–1.78)

Exercise testing (n = 238)

Peak heart rate at exercise (b.p.m.)^a

142 ± 26

149 ± 31

0.95

(0.85–1.06)

Oxygen saturation at peak exercise (%)

94 ± 9

96 ± 5

0.99

(0.92–1.06)

VE/VCO₂ slope

31.9 ± 5.2

28.8 ± 6.5

1.00

(0.97–1.04)

Percent of predicted maximum VO₂ (%)

66 ± 42

75 ± 27

0.99

(0.97–1.01)

Magnetic resonance (n = 197)

RV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a

139 ± 50

113 ± 40

1.14

(1.06–1.23)

<.001

RV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a

79 ± 43

58 ± 29

1.21

(1.10–1.32)

<.001

RV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a

60 ± 18

56 ± 19

1.08

(0.91–1.28)

RV ejection fraction (%)

46 ± 13

50 ± 10

0.96

(0.92–0.99)

.018

LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a

96 ± 32

78 ± 31

1.24

(1.09–1.39)

.001

LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a

48 ± 26

32 ± 19

1.42

(1.23–1.64)

<.001

LV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a

48 ± 19

46 ± 18

0.99

(0.73–1.33)

LV ejection fraction (%)

51 ± 13

60 ± 11

0.92

(0.89–0.95)

<.001

Systemic cardiac index (L/min/m²)

3.5 (2.7–3.8)

3.3 (2.8–4.0)

0.89

(0.60–1.33)

	Primary outcome	Univariate Cox analysis
Echocardiography (n = 542)
Moderate–severe RV systolic dysfunction	44/71, 62%	145/471, 31%	3.44	(2.13–5.56)	<.001
Moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation	44/69, 64%	210/460, 46%	1.93	(1.18–3.16)	.009
LVOT velocity (m/s)	2.1 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.1	1.20	(0.82–1.78)
Exercise testing (n = 238)
Peak heart rate at exercise (b.p.m.)^a	142 ± 26	149 ± 31	0.95	(0.85–1.06)
Oxygen saturation at peak exercise (%)	94 ± 9	96 ± 5	0.99	(0.92–1.06)
VE/VCO₂ slope	31.9 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 6.5	1.00	(0.97–1.04)
Percent of predicted maximum VO₂ (%)	66 ± 42	75 ± 27	0.99	(0.97–1.01)
Magnetic resonance (n = 197)
RV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	139 ± 50	113 ± 40	1.14	(1.06–1.23)	<.001
RV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	79 ± 43	58 ± 29	1.21	(1.10–1.32)	<.001
RV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	60 ± 18	56 ± 19	1.08	(0.91–1.28)
RV ejection fraction (%)	46 ± 13	50 ± 10	0.96	(0.92–0.99)	.018
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	96 ± 32	78 ± 31	1.24	(1.09–1.39)	.001
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 26	32 ± 19	1.42	(1.23–1.64)	<.001
LV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 19	46 ± 18	0.99	(0.73–1.33)
LV ejection fraction (%)	51 ± 13	60 ± 11	0.92	(0.89–0.95)	<.001
Systemic cardiac index (L/min/m²)	3.5 (2.7–3.8)	3.3 (2.8–4.0)	0.89	(0.60–1.33)

Table 3

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Echocardiographic, exercise, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance testing features of those who did or did not reach the primary outcome and univariate Cox analysis for the primary outcome

	Primary outcome		Univariate Cox analysis
	Yes	No	HR	95% CI	P-value
	(n = 75)	(n = 483)
Echocardiography (n = 542)
Moderate–severe RV systolic dysfunction	44/71, 62%	145/471, 31%	3.44	(2.13–5.56)	<.001
Moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation	44/69, 64%	210/460, 46%	1.93	(1.18–3.16)	.009
LVOT velocity (m/s)	2.1 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.1	1.20	(0.82–1.78)
Exercise testing (n = 238)
Peak heart rate at exercise (b.p.m.)^a	142 ± 26	149 ± 31	0.95	(0.85–1.06)
Oxygen saturation at peak exercise (%)	94 ± 9	96 ± 5	0.99	(0.92–1.06)
VE/VCO₂ slope	31.9 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 6.5	1.00	(0.97–1.04)
Percent of predicted maximum VO₂ (%)	66 ± 42	75 ± 27	0.99	(0.97–1.01)
Magnetic resonance (n = 197)
RV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	139 ± 50	113 ± 40	1.14	(1.06–1.23)	<.001
RV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	79 ± 43	58 ± 29	1.21	(1.10–1.32)	<.001
RV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	60 ± 18	56 ± 19	1.08	(0.91–1.28)
RV ejection fraction (%)	46 ± 13	50 ± 10	0.96	(0.92–0.99)	.018
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	96 ± 32	78 ± 31	1.24	(1.09–1.39)	.001
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 26	32 ± 19	1.42	(1.23–1.64)	<.001
LV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 19	46 ± 18	0.99	(0.73–1.33)
LV ejection fraction (%)	51 ± 13	60 ± 11	0.92	(0.89–0.95)	<.001
Systemic cardiac index (L/min/m²)	3.5 (2.7–3.8)	3.3 (2.8–4.0)	0.89	(0.60–1.33)

	Primary outcome		Univariate Cox analysis
	Yes	No	HR	95% CI	P-value
	(n = 75)	(n = 483)
Echocardiography (n = 542)
Moderate–severe RV systolic dysfunction	44/71, 62%	145/471, 31%	3.44	(2.13–5.56)	<.001
Moderate–severe tricuspid regurgitation	44/69, 64%	210/460, 46%	1.93	(1.18–3.16)	.009
LVOT velocity (m/s)	2.1 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.1	1.20	(0.82–1.78)
Exercise testing (n = 238)
Peak heart rate at exercise (b.p.m.)^a	142 ± 26	149 ± 31	0.95	(0.85–1.06)
Oxygen saturation at peak exercise (%)	94 ± 9	96 ± 5	0.99	(0.92–1.06)
VE/VCO₂ slope	31.9 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 6.5	1.00	(0.97–1.04)
Percent of predicted maximum VO₂ (%)	66 ± 42	75 ± 27	0.99	(0.97–1.01)
Magnetic resonance (n = 197)
RV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	139 ± 50	113 ± 40	1.14	(1.06–1.23)	<.001
RV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	79 ± 43	58 ± 29	1.21	(1.10–1.32)	<.001
RV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	60 ± 18	56 ± 19	1.08	(0.91–1.28)
RV ejection fraction (%)	46 ± 13	50 ± 10	0.96	(0.92–0.99)	.018
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	96 ± 32	78 ± 31	1.24	(1.09–1.39)	.001
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 26	32 ± 19	1.42	(1.23–1.64)	<.001
LV stroke volume index (mL/m²)^a	48 ± 19	46 ± 18	0.99	(0.73–1.33)
LV ejection fraction (%)	51 ± 13	60 ± 11	0.92	(0.89–0.95)	<.001
Systemic cardiac index (L/min/m²)	3.5 (2.7–3.8)	3.3 (2.8–4.0)	0.89	(0.60–1.33)

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median with IQR, or n/total with percentage. P-value is given if significant.

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LV, left ventricular; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RV, right ventricular; VO₂, oxygen consumption.

Covariate per 10 units for univariate analysis.

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