Table 1.

Population-based reference intervals for 48 clinical chemistry and hematology measurands (study group1, n = 143), with 90% CI for the lower and upper limits.

MeasurandsGroupnLower limit (90% CI)Upper limit (90% CI)
Glucose, mg/dLAll14369.1 (67.3–70.8)97.3 (95.6–99.0)
Hemoglobin A1c, %All1434.4 (4.3–4.6)5.9 (5.8–5.9)
BUN,a mg/dLAll1437.0 (5.0–8.0)22.0 (20.0–25.0)
Creatinine,b mg/dLF780.53 (0.51–0.56)0.87 (0.85–0.90)
Creatinine,b mg/dLM640.70 (0.66–0.74)1.22 (1.17–1.25)
Uric acid,b mg/dLF792.4 (2.1–2.6)5.3 (5.0–5.7)
Uric acid,a,b mg/dLM643.7 (3.4–3.9)8.0 (7.4–8.6)
Albumin, g/dLAll1433.6 (3.6–3.7)4.8 (4.8–4.9)
Total protein,a g/dLAll1436.6 (6.4–6.9)c8.5 (8.3–8.7)c
Bilirubin,a total, mg/dLAll1420.15 (0.13–0.17)1.33 (1.16–1.51)c
Bilirubin,a direct, mg/dLAll1420.05 (0.05–0.06)0.29 (0.24–0.32)c
Cholesterol,a total, mg/dLAll143116.1 (111.4–121.1)230.3 (220.8–240.1)
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14351.8 (45.7–57.8)151.5 (145.4–157.6)
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14328.1 (25.4–30.9)72.8 (70.1–75.6)
Triglyceride,a mg/dLAll13931.5 (29.0–35.0)157.5 (139.0–177.0)c
ALT,b IU/LF7713.4 (11.5–15.1)31.6 (29.6–33.1)
ALT,a,b IU/LM6418.6 (17.0–20.8)62.2 (56.1–69.3)c
AST,a IU/LAll14311.2 (10.6–11.9)29.4 (27.4–31.2)c
LDH, IU/LAll142116 (112–122)200 (195–205)
ALP,a IU/LAll14333.9 (31.7–36.2)101.4 (94.8–108.4)c
Amylase,a IU/LAll14333.6 (31.3–36.1)107.0 (99.7–114.8)c
Lipase,a IU/LAll14373.7 (68.3–79.6)259.3 (240.2–280.0)c
CK,a,b IU/LF7724.7 (22.2–28.0)117.4 (101.6–134.6)c
CK,a,b IU/LM6325.9 (20.6–32.3)265.1 (208–348.7)c
Calcium, mg/dLAll1428.7 (8.6–8.8)10.4 (10.3–10.5)
Magnesium, mg/dLAll1431.6 (1.5–1.6)2.2 (2.1–2.2)
TSH,a µIU/mLAll1380.48 (0.31–0.66)3.51 (2.88–3.74)c
TT3,a ng/dLAll14190 (87–93)164 (158–170)
FT3, pg/dLAll140272 (266–279)396 (390–403)
FT4, ng/dLAll1410.94 (0.91–0.97)1.38 (1.35–1.40)
Insulin,a µIU/mLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.0)20.5 (18.4–20.8)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLF7912.2 (9.5–14.8)49.0 (45.5–52.2)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLM64183 (137–239)777 (713–831)
PSA, total,a,b ng/mLAll630.22 (0.20–0.27)1.42 (1.24–1.73)c
PSA, free,a,b ng/mLAll640.10 (0.08–0.12)0.73 (0.60–0.89)c
PTH,a pg/mLAll14315.4 (13.8–17.2)91.1 (81.8–101–5)c
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLF794.0 (3.9–4.1)5.1 (5.0–5.2)
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLM644.5 (4.4–4.6)5.9 (5.8–6.1)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLF7911.7 (11.9–11.4)14.5 (14.7–14.2)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLM6413.3 (13.0–13.6)17.0 (16.6–17.3)
Hematocrit,b %F7935.9 (35.2–36.6)44.8 (44.1–45.5)
Hematocrit,b %M6440.6 (39.6–41.5)51.0 (50.1–52.0)
MCH, pgAll14325.8 (25.4–26.2)31.8 (31.5–32.2)
MCHC, g/dLAll14330.6 (30.3–30.8)34.8 (34.5–35.0)
MCV, fLAll14380.7 (79.8–81.6)95.6 (94.7–96.5)
RDW-SD, fLAll14335.8 (35.2–36.3)45.4 (44.8–46.0)
WBC,a,b ×103/µLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.1)9.5 (9.1–10.0)
Neutrophils,a ×103/µLAll1432.1 (2.0–2.3)6.2 (5.8–6.6)
Lymphocytes,a ×103/µLAll1431.3 (1.2–1.4)3.7 (3.4–3.9)
Monocytes,a ×103/µLAll1430.31 (0.29–0.33)0.89 (0.83–0.95)c
Eosinophils,a ×103/µLAll1410.04 (0.03–0.05)0.48 (0.40–0.55)c
Thrombocytes, ×103/µLAll143153 (140–160)358 (345–370)
MPV,a fLAll1438.9 (8.7–9.1)12.6 (12.3–12.8)
PTC,a %All1430.18 (0.16–0.20)0.38 (0.36–0.41)c
PDW, fLAll1429.4 (9.0–9.7)16.5 (16.1–17.4)
P-LCR, %All14314.9 (13.0–16.7)45.16 (43.3–47.0)
MeasurandsGroupnLower limit (90% CI)Upper limit (90% CI)
Glucose, mg/dLAll14369.1 (67.3–70.8)97.3 (95.6–99.0)
Hemoglobin A1c, %All1434.4 (4.3–4.6)5.9 (5.8–5.9)
BUN,a mg/dLAll1437.0 (5.0–8.0)22.0 (20.0–25.0)
Creatinine,b mg/dLF780.53 (0.51–0.56)0.87 (0.85–0.90)
Creatinine,b mg/dLM640.70 (0.66–0.74)1.22 (1.17–1.25)
Uric acid,b mg/dLF792.4 (2.1–2.6)5.3 (5.0–5.7)
Uric acid,a,b mg/dLM643.7 (3.4–3.9)8.0 (7.4–8.6)
Albumin, g/dLAll1433.6 (3.6–3.7)4.8 (4.8–4.9)
Total protein,a g/dLAll1436.6 (6.4–6.9)c8.5 (8.3–8.7)c
Bilirubin,a total, mg/dLAll1420.15 (0.13–0.17)1.33 (1.16–1.51)c
Bilirubin,a direct, mg/dLAll1420.05 (0.05–0.06)0.29 (0.24–0.32)c
Cholesterol,a total, mg/dLAll143116.1 (111.4–121.1)230.3 (220.8–240.1)
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14351.8 (45.7–57.8)151.5 (145.4–157.6)
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14328.1 (25.4–30.9)72.8 (70.1–75.6)
Triglyceride,a mg/dLAll13931.5 (29.0–35.0)157.5 (139.0–177.0)c
ALT,b IU/LF7713.4 (11.5–15.1)31.6 (29.6–33.1)
ALT,a,b IU/LM6418.6 (17.0–20.8)62.2 (56.1–69.3)c
AST,a IU/LAll14311.2 (10.6–11.9)29.4 (27.4–31.2)c
LDH, IU/LAll142116 (112–122)200 (195–205)
ALP,a IU/LAll14333.9 (31.7–36.2)101.4 (94.8–108.4)c
Amylase,a IU/LAll14333.6 (31.3–36.1)107.0 (99.7–114.8)c
Lipase,a IU/LAll14373.7 (68.3–79.6)259.3 (240.2–280.0)c
CK,a,b IU/LF7724.7 (22.2–28.0)117.4 (101.6–134.6)c
CK,a,b IU/LM6325.9 (20.6–32.3)265.1 (208–348.7)c
Calcium, mg/dLAll1428.7 (8.6–8.8)10.4 (10.3–10.5)
Magnesium, mg/dLAll1431.6 (1.5–1.6)2.2 (2.1–2.2)
TSH,a µIU/mLAll1380.48 (0.31–0.66)3.51 (2.88–3.74)c
TT3,a ng/dLAll14190 (87–93)164 (158–170)
FT3, pg/dLAll140272 (266–279)396 (390–403)
FT4, ng/dLAll1410.94 (0.91–0.97)1.38 (1.35–1.40)
Insulin,a µIU/mLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.0)20.5 (18.4–20.8)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLF7912.2 (9.5–14.8)49.0 (45.5–52.2)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLM64183 (137–239)777 (713–831)
PSA, total,a,b ng/mLAll630.22 (0.20–0.27)1.42 (1.24–1.73)c
PSA, free,a,b ng/mLAll640.10 (0.08–0.12)0.73 (0.60–0.89)c
PTH,a pg/mLAll14315.4 (13.8–17.2)91.1 (81.8–101–5)c
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLF794.0 (3.9–4.1)5.1 (5.0–5.2)
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLM644.5 (4.4–4.6)5.9 (5.8–6.1)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLF7911.7 (11.9–11.4)14.5 (14.7–14.2)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLM6413.3 (13.0–13.6)17.0 (16.6–17.3)
Hematocrit,b %F7935.9 (35.2–36.6)44.8 (44.1–45.5)
Hematocrit,b %M6440.6 (39.6–41.5)51.0 (50.1–52.0)
MCH, pgAll14325.8 (25.4–26.2)31.8 (31.5–32.2)
MCHC, g/dLAll14330.6 (30.3–30.8)34.8 (34.5–35.0)
MCV, fLAll14380.7 (79.8–81.6)95.6 (94.7–96.5)
RDW-SD, fLAll14335.8 (35.2–36.3)45.4 (44.8–46.0)
WBC,a,b ×103/µLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.1)9.5 (9.1–10.0)
Neutrophils,a ×103/µLAll1432.1 (2.0–2.3)6.2 (5.8–6.6)
Lymphocytes,a ×103/µLAll1431.3 (1.2–1.4)3.7 (3.4–3.9)
Monocytes,a ×103/µLAll1430.31 (0.29–0.33)0.89 (0.83–0.95)c
Eosinophils,a ×103/µLAll1410.04 (0.03–0.05)0.48 (0.40–0.55)c
Thrombocytes, ×103/µLAll143153 (140–160)358 (345–370)
MPV,a fLAll1438.9 (8.7–9.1)12.6 (12.3–12.8)
PTC,a %All1430.18 (0.16–0.20)0.38 (0.36–0.41)c
PDW, fLAll1429.4 (9.0–9.7)16.5 (16.1–17.4)
P-LCR, %All14314.9 (13.0–16.7)45.16 (43.3–47.0)

Abbreviations: F, females; M, males; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CK, creatine kinase; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TT3, total triiodothyronine; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; PSA, prostrate-specific antigen; PTH, parathyroid hormone; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RDW, red cell distribution width; WBC, white blood cell; MPV, mean platelet volume; PTC, plateletcrit; PDW, platelet distribution width; P-LCR, platelet-large cell ratio.

Log-transformed.

Bootstrap techniques.

Did not fully fulfil the criteria of 95% CI < 0.2 × range of the RI.

Table 1.

Population-based reference intervals for 48 clinical chemistry and hematology measurands (study group1, n = 143), with 90% CI for the lower and upper limits.

MeasurandsGroupnLower limit (90% CI)Upper limit (90% CI)
Glucose, mg/dLAll14369.1 (67.3–70.8)97.3 (95.6–99.0)
Hemoglobin A1c, %All1434.4 (4.3–4.6)5.9 (5.8–5.9)
BUN,a mg/dLAll1437.0 (5.0–8.0)22.0 (20.0–25.0)
Creatinine,b mg/dLF780.53 (0.51–0.56)0.87 (0.85–0.90)
Creatinine,b mg/dLM640.70 (0.66–0.74)1.22 (1.17–1.25)
Uric acid,b mg/dLF792.4 (2.1–2.6)5.3 (5.0–5.7)
Uric acid,a,b mg/dLM643.7 (3.4–3.9)8.0 (7.4–8.6)
Albumin, g/dLAll1433.6 (3.6–3.7)4.8 (4.8–4.9)
Total protein,a g/dLAll1436.6 (6.4–6.9)c8.5 (8.3–8.7)c
Bilirubin,a total, mg/dLAll1420.15 (0.13–0.17)1.33 (1.16–1.51)c
Bilirubin,a direct, mg/dLAll1420.05 (0.05–0.06)0.29 (0.24–0.32)c
Cholesterol,a total, mg/dLAll143116.1 (111.4–121.1)230.3 (220.8–240.1)
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14351.8 (45.7–57.8)151.5 (145.4–157.6)
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14328.1 (25.4–30.9)72.8 (70.1–75.6)
Triglyceride,a mg/dLAll13931.5 (29.0–35.0)157.5 (139.0–177.0)c
ALT,b IU/LF7713.4 (11.5–15.1)31.6 (29.6–33.1)
ALT,a,b IU/LM6418.6 (17.0–20.8)62.2 (56.1–69.3)c
AST,a IU/LAll14311.2 (10.6–11.9)29.4 (27.4–31.2)c
LDH, IU/LAll142116 (112–122)200 (195–205)
ALP,a IU/LAll14333.9 (31.7–36.2)101.4 (94.8–108.4)c
Amylase,a IU/LAll14333.6 (31.3–36.1)107.0 (99.7–114.8)c
Lipase,a IU/LAll14373.7 (68.3–79.6)259.3 (240.2–280.0)c
CK,a,b IU/LF7724.7 (22.2–28.0)117.4 (101.6–134.6)c
CK,a,b IU/LM6325.9 (20.6–32.3)265.1 (208–348.7)c
Calcium, mg/dLAll1428.7 (8.6–8.8)10.4 (10.3–10.5)
Magnesium, mg/dLAll1431.6 (1.5–1.6)2.2 (2.1–2.2)
TSH,a µIU/mLAll1380.48 (0.31–0.66)3.51 (2.88–3.74)c
TT3,a ng/dLAll14190 (87–93)164 (158–170)
FT3, pg/dLAll140272 (266–279)396 (390–403)
FT4, ng/dLAll1410.94 (0.91–0.97)1.38 (1.35–1.40)
Insulin,a µIU/mLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.0)20.5 (18.4–20.8)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLF7912.2 (9.5–14.8)49.0 (45.5–52.2)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLM64183 (137–239)777 (713–831)
PSA, total,a,b ng/mLAll630.22 (0.20–0.27)1.42 (1.24–1.73)c
PSA, free,a,b ng/mLAll640.10 (0.08–0.12)0.73 (0.60–0.89)c
PTH,a pg/mLAll14315.4 (13.8–17.2)91.1 (81.8–101–5)c
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLF794.0 (3.9–4.1)5.1 (5.0–5.2)
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLM644.5 (4.4–4.6)5.9 (5.8–6.1)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLF7911.7 (11.9–11.4)14.5 (14.7–14.2)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLM6413.3 (13.0–13.6)17.0 (16.6–17.3)
Hematocrit,b %F7935.9 (35.2–36.6)44.8 (44.1–45.5)
Hematocrit,b %M6440.6 (39.6–41.5)51.0 (50.1–52.0)
MCH, pgAll14325.8 (25.4–26.2)31.8 (31.5–32.2)
MCHC, g/dLAll14330.6 (30.3–30.8)34.8 (34.5–35.0)
MCV, fLAll14380.7 (79.8–81.6)95.6 (94.7–96.5)
RDW-SD, fLAll14335.8 (35.2–36.3)45.4 (44.8–46.0)
WBC,a,b ×103/µLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.1)9.5 (9.1–10.0)
Neutrophils,a ×103/µLAll1432.1 (2.0–2.3)6.2 (5.8–6.6)
Lymphocytes,a ×103/µLAll1431.3 (1.2–1.4)3.7 (3.4–3.9)
Monocytes,a ×103/µLAll1430.31 (0.29–0.33)0.89 (0.83–0.95)c
Eosinophils,a ×103/µLAll1410.04 (0.03–0.05)0.48 (0.40–0.55)c
Thrombocytes, ×103/µLAll143153 (140–160)358 (345–370)
MPV,a fLAll1438.9 (8.7–9.1)12.6 (12.3–12.8)
PTC,a %All1430.18 (0.16–0.20)0.38 (0.36–0.41)c
PDW, fLAll1429.4 (9.0–9.7)16.5 (16.1–17.4)
P-LCR, %All14314.9 (13.0–16.7)45.16 (43.3–47.0)
MeasurandsGroupnLower limit (90% CI)Upper limit (90% CI)
Glucose, mg/dLAll14369.1 (67.3–70.8)97.3 (95.6–99.0)
Hemoglobin A1c, %All1434.4 (4.3–4.6)5.9 (5.8–5.9)
BUN,a mg/dLAll1437.0 (5.0–8.0)22.0 (20.0–25.0)
Creatinine,b mg/dLF780.53 (0.51–0.56)0.87 (0.85–0.90)
Creatinine,b mg/dLM640.70 (0.66–0.74)1.22 (1.17–1.25)
Uric acid,b mg/dLF792.4 (2.1–2.6)5.3 (5.0–5.7)
Uric acid,a,b mg/dLM643.7 (3.4–3.9)8.0 (7.4–8.6)
Albumin, g/dLAll1433.6 (3.6–3.7)4.8 (4.8–4.9)
Total protein,a g/dLAll1436.6 (6.4–6.9)c8.5 (8.3–8.7)c
Bilirubin,a total, mg/dLAll1420.15 (0.13–0.17)1.33 (1.16–1.51)c
Bilirubin,a direct, mg/dLAll1420.05 (0.05–0.06)0.29 (0.24–0.32)c
Cholesterol,a total, mg/dLAll143116.1 (111.4–121.1)230.3 (220.8–240.1)
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14351.8 (45.7–57.8)151.5 (145.4–157.6)
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dLAll14328.1 (25.4–30.9)72.8 (70.1–75.6)
Triglyceride,a mg/dLAll13931.5 (29.0–35.0)157.5 (139.0–177.0)c
ALT,b IU/LF7713.4 (11.5–15.1)31.6 (29.6–33.1)
ALT,a,b IU/LM6418.6 (17.0–20.8)62.2 (56.1–69.3)c
AST,a IU/LAll14311.2 (10.6–11.9)29.4 (27.4–31.2)c
LDH, IU/LAll142116 (112–122)200 (195–205)
ALP,a IU/LAll14333.9 (31.7–36.2)101.4 (94.8–108.4)c
Amylase,a IU/LAll14333.6 (31.3–36.1)107.0 (99.7–114.8)c
Lipase,a IU/LAll14373.7 (68.3–79.6)259.3 (240.2–280.0)c
CK,a,b IU/LF7724.7 (22.2–28.0)117.4 (101.6–134.6)c
CK,a,b IU/LM6325.9 (20.6–32.3)265.1 (208–348.7)c
Calcium, mg/dLAll1428.7 (8.6–8.8)10.4 (10.3–10.5)
Magnesium, mg/dLAll1431.6 (1.5–1.6)2.2 (2.1–2.2)
TSH,a µIU/mLAll1380.48 (0.31–0.66)3.51 (2.88–3.74)c
TT3,a ng/dLAll14190 (87–93)164 (158–170)
FT3, pg/dLAll140272 (266–279)396 (390–403)
FT4, ng/dLAll1410.94 (0.91–0.97)1.38 (1.35–1.40)
Insulin,a µIU/mLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.0)20.5 (18.4–20.8)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLF7912.2 (9.5–14.8)49.0 (45.5–52.2)
Testosterone,b total, ng/dLM64183 (137–239)777 (713–831)
PSA, total,a,b ng/mLAll630.22 (0.20–0.27)1.42 (1.24–1.73)c
PSA, free,a,b ng/mLAll640.10 (0.08–0.12)0.73 (0.60–0.89)c
PTH,a pg/mLAll14315.4 (13.8–17.2)91.1 (81.8–101–5)c
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLF794.0 (3.9–4.1)5.1 (5.0–5.2)
Erythrocytes,b ×106/µLM644.5 (4.4–4.6)5.9 (5.8–6.1)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLF7911.7 (11.9–11.4)14.5 (14.7–14.2)
Hemoglobin,b g/dLM6413.3 (13.0–13.6)17.0 (16.6–17.3)
Hematocrit,b %F7935.9 (35.2–36.6)44.8 (44.1–45.5)
Hematocrit,b %M6440.6 (39.6–41.5)51.0 (50.1–52.0)
MCH, pgAll14325.8 (25.4–26.2)31.8 (31.5–32.2)
MCHC, g/dLAll14330.6 (30.3–30.8)34.8 (34.5–35.0)
MCV, fLAll14380.7 (79.8–81.6)95.6 (94.7–96.5)
RDW-SD, fLAll14335.8 (35.2–36.3)45.4 (44.8–46.0)
WBC,a,b ×103/µLAll1433.6 (3.2–4.1)9.5 (9.1–10.0)
Neutrophils,a ×103/µLAll1432.1 (2.0–2.3)6.2 (5.8–6.6)
Lymphocytes,a ×103/µLAll1431.3 (1.2–1.4)3.7 (3.4–3.9)
Monocytes,a ×103/µLAll1430.31 (0.29–0.33)0.89 (0.83–0.95)c
Eosinophils,a ×103/µLAll1410.04 (0.03–0.05)0.48 (0.40–0.55)c
Thrombocytes, ×103/µLAll143153 (140–160)358 (345–370)
MPV,a fLAll1438.9 (8.7–9.1)12.6 (12.3–12.8)
PTC,a %All1430.18 (0.16–0.20)0.38 (0.36–0.41)c
PDW, fLAll1429.4 (9.0–9.7)16.5 (16.1–17.4)
P-LCR, %All14314.9 (13.0–16.7)45.16 (43.3–47.0)

Abbreviations: F, females; M, males; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CK, creatine kinase; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TT3, total triiodothyronine; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; PSA, prostrate-specific antigen; PTH, parathyroid hormone; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RDW, red cell distribution width; WBC, white blood cell; MPV, mean platelet volume; PTC, plateletcrit; PDW, platelet distribution width; P-LCR, platelet-large cell ratio.

Log-transformed.

Bootstrap techniques.

Did not fully fulfil the criteria of 95% CI < 0.2 × range of the RI.

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