Table 3 Open in new tab Overview of Mean...

Table 3

Overview of Mean Amount of Local Tissue Water,^a Mean Thickness of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue,^b Mean Presence of Thickened Skin,^c Mean Skin Elasticity,^d and Mean Presence of Skin Fibrosis^e at Level of Arm in Each Treatment Group^f

Parameter Evaluated	Description	Time Point	Mean Estimate (95% CI) for Following Group:			P for Overall Interaction (Group × Time)	P for Comparison of Changes Between Groups
			Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD	Traditional MLD	Placebo MLD
							Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD vs Traditional MLD	Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD vs Placebo MLD	Traditional MLD vs Placebo MLD
Accumulation of fluid in suprafascial tissue	Local tissue water	B0	1.418 (1.365–1.473)	1.354 (1.303–1.406)	1.406 (1.354–1.459)	.665
		P	1.372^g (1.326–1.419)	1.292^g (1.247–1.336)	1.344^g (1.300–1.391)
		P1	1.383 (1.328–1.438)	1.315 (1.264–1.368)	1.394 (1.340–1.449)
		P3	1.363 (1.309–1.420)	1.288^g (1.236–1.342)	1.358 (1.303–1.415)
		P6	1.343^g (1.290–1.399)	1.298^g (1.246–1.351)	1.350^g (1.297–1.405)
		P12	1.343^g (1.305–1.383)	1.332 (1.294–1.373)	1.335^g (1.297–1.374)
	Thickness of cutis	B0	1.29 (1.22–1.36)	1.27 (1.20–1.34)	1.32 (1.24–1.35)	.422
		P	1.30 (1.23–1.37)	1.29 (1.23–1.36)	1.37 (1.31–1.44)
		P6	1.27 (1.20–1.34)	1.30 (1.23–1.38)	1.27 (1.21–1.35)
		P12	1.23 (1.16–1.30)	1.28 (1.20–1.35)	1.33 (1.25–1.41)
	Thickness of subcutis	B0	1.62 (1.49–1.76)	1.52 (1.40–1.65)	1.52 (1.40–1.65)	.118
		P	1.38^h (1.28–1.49)	1.40^g (1.30–1.51)	1.36^g (1.26–1.46)
		P6	1.38^h (1.28–1.49)	1.46 (1.36–1.58)	1.30^h (1.21–1.40)
		P12	1.34^h (1.23–1.47)	1.46 (1.34–1.60)	1.25^g (1.25–1.49)
	Thickness of cutis + subcutis	B0	1.52 (1.42–1.63)	1.44 (1.34–1.55)	1.45 (1.35–1.56)	.180
		P	1.36^g (1.27–1.27)	1.38 (1.30–1.47)	1.36 (1.28–1.45)
		P6	1.35^h (1.27–1.44)	1.40 (1.31–1.49)	1.29^h (1.21–1.37)
		P12	1.31^h (1.22–1.41)	1.40 (1.30–1.51)	1.34^g (1.24–1.44)
	Thickness of skin and subcutis through palpation	B0	4.43 (4.01–4.85)	4.03 (3.61–4.45)	4.65 (4.23–5.07)	.889
		P	4.62 (4.23–5.00)	4.23 (3.84–4.63)	4.57 (4.18–4.96)
		P1	4.37 (3.96–4.78)	4.25 (3.84–4.66)	4.22 (3.81–4.62)
		P3	4.25 (3.82–4.68)	4.19 (3.76–4.62)	4.22 (3.79–4.64)
		P6	4.22 (3.77–4.67)	4.03 (3.58–4.49)	4.05^g (3.60–4.50)
		P12	4.09 (3.61–4.57)	3.92 (3.44–4.40)	4.17 (3.69–4.65)
Skin elasticity	Skin elasticity	B0	1.28 (1.19–1.37)	1.26 (1.17–1.35)	1.41 (1.31–1.51)	.741
		P	1.11^h (1.04–1.18)	1.06^h (1.0–1.13)	1.14^h (1.07–1.21)
		P1	1.15^g (1.08–1.23)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.18^h (1.11–1.26)
		P3	1.16^g (1.10–1.23)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.15^h (1.08–1.22)
		P6	1.13^g (1.07–1.20)	1.10^g (1.04–1.17)	1.14^h (1.08–1.22)
		P12	1.19 (1.11–1.27)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.15^h (1.08–1.23)
	Skin elasticity (through palpation)	B0	0.49 (0.32–0.67)	0.26 (0.12–0.41)	0.24 (0.10–0.40)	.023^g
		P	0.40 (0.22–0.59)	0.44 (0.26–0.64)	0.56^g (0.37–0.78)		.128	.024^g	.465
		P1	0.37 (0.21–0.55)	0.52^g (0.35–0.72)	0.42 (0.26–0.61)		.026^g	.073	.657
		P3	0.17^g (0.03–0.32)	0.45 (0.29–0.64)	0.50^g (0.33–0.69)		.002^g	<.001^g	.724
		P6	0.15^g (0.05–0.25)	0.23 (0.13–0.35)	0.28 (0.17–0.40)		.026^g	.007^g	.621
		P12	0.22^g (0.11–0.34)	0.20 (0.09–0.32)	0.24 (0.13–0.37)		.160	.067	.669

Parameter Evaluated	Description	Time Point	Mean Estimate (95% CI) for Following Group:			P for Overall Interaction (Group × Time)	P for Comparison of Changes Between Groups
			Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD	Traditional MLD	Placebo MLD
							Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD vs Traditional MLD	Fluoroscopy-Guided MLD vs Placebo MLD	Traditional MLD vs Placebo MLD
Accumulation of fluid in suprafascial tissue	Local tissue water	B0	1.418 (1.365–1.473)	1.354 (1.303–1.406)	1.406 (1.354–1.459)	.665
		P	1.372^g (1.326–1.419)	1.292^g (1.247–1.336)	1.344^g (1.300–1.391)
		P1	1.383 (1.328–1.438)	1.315 (1.264–1.368)	1.394 (1.340–1.449)
		P3	1.363 (1.309–1.420)	1.288^g (1.236–1.342)	1.358 (1.303–1.415)
		P6	1.343^g (1.290–1.399)	1.298^g (1.246–1.351)	1.350^g (1.297–1.405)
		P12	1.343^g (1.305–1.383)	1.332 (1.294–1.373)	1.335^g (1.297–1.374)
	Thickness of cutis	B0	1.29 (1.22–1.36)	1.27 (1.20–1.34)	1.32 (1.24–1.35)	.422
		P	1.30 (1.23–1.37)	1.29 (1.23–1.36)	1.37 (1.31–1.44)
		P6	1.27 (1.20–1.34)	1.30 (1.23–1.38)	1.27 (1.21–1.35)
		P12	1.23 (1.16–1.30)	1.28 (1.20–1.35)	1.33 (1.25–1.41)
	Thickness of subcutis	B0	1.62 (1.49–1.76)	1.52 (1.40–1.65)	1.52 (1.40–1.65)	.118
		P	1.38^h (1.28–1.49)	1.40^g (1.30–1.51)	1.36^g (1.26–1.46)
		P6	1.38^h (1.28–1.49)	1.46 (1.36–1.58)	1.30^h (1.21–1.40)
		P12	1.34^h (1.23–1.47)	1.46 (1.34–1.60)	1.25^g (1.25–1.49)
	Thickness of cutis + subcutis	B0	1.52 (1.42–1.63)	1.44 (1.34–1.55)	1.45 (1.35–1.56)	.180
		P	1.36^g (1.27–1.27)	1.38 (1.30–1.47)	1.36 (1.28–1.45)
		P6	1.35^h (1.27–1.44)	1.40 (1.31–1.49)	1.29^h (1.21–1.37)
		P12	1.31^h (1.22–1.41)	1.40 (1.30–1.51)	1.34^g (1.24–1.44)
	Thickness of skin and subcutis through palpation	B0	4.43 (4.01–4.85)	4.03 (3.61–4.45)	4.65 (4.23–5.07)	.889
		P	4.62 (4.23–5.00)	4.23 (3.84–4.63)	4.57 (4.18–4.96)
		P1	4.37 (3.96–4.78)	4.25 (3.84–4.66)	4.22 (3.81–4.62)
		P3	4.25 (3.82–4.68)	4.19 (3.76–4.62)	4.22 (3.79–4.64)
		P6	4.22 (3.77–4.67)	4.03 (3.58–4.49)	4.05^g (3.60–4.50)
		P12	4.09 (3.61–4.57)	3.92 (3.44–4.40)	4.17 (3.69–4.65)
Skin elasticity	Skin elasticity	B0	1.28 (1.19–1.37)	1.26 (1.17–1.35)	1.41 (1.31–1.51)	.741
		P	1.11^h (1.04–1.18)	1.06^h (1.0–1.13)	1.14^h (1.07–1.21)
		P1	1.15^g (1.08–1.23)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.18^h (1.11–1.26)
		P3	1.16^g (1.10–1.23)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.15^h (1.08–1.22)
		P6	1.13^g (1.07–1.20)	1.10^g (1.04–1.17)	1.14^h (1.08–1.22)
		P12	1.19 (1.11–1.27)	1.07^h (1.01–1.14)	1.15^h (1.08–1.23)
	Skin elasticity (through palpation)	B0	0.49 (0.32–0.67)	0.26 (0.12–0.41)	0.24 (0.10–0.40)	.023^g
		P	0.40 (0.22–0.59)	0.44 (0.26–0.64)	0.56^g (0.37–0.78)		.128	.024^g	.465
		P1	0.37 (0.21–0.55)	0.52^g (0.35–0.72)	0.42 (0.26–0.61)		.026^g	.073	.657
		P3	0.17^g (0.03–0.32)	0.45 (0.29–0.64)	0.50^g (0.33–0.69)		.002^g	<.001^g	.724
		P6	0.15^g (0.05–0.25)	0.23 (0.13–0.35)	0.28 (0.17–0.40)		.026^g	.007^g	.621
		P12	0.22^g (0.11–0.34)	0.20 (0.09–0.32)	0.24 (0.13–0.37)		.160	.067	.669

Represented by percentage of water content interlimb ratios. B0 = baseline; MLD = manual lymph drainage; P = after intensive treatment; P1, P3, P6, and P12 = after 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo of maintenance treatment, respectively.

Cutis, subcutis, and cutis + subcutis, represented by interlimb ratios.

Through palpation, represented by pinch test scores.

Represented by induration force interlimb ratios.

Represented by palpation test scores.

At different time points. Significance of relative changes versus baseline in each treatment group separately. P values for overall interaction effect and comparisons of changes between treatment groups in case of presence of significant interaction effect.

With regard to within-group differences, P < .05 for changes in the estimated mean versus baseline that were statistically significant.

With regard to within-group differences, P < .0001 for changes in the estimated mean versus baseline that were statistically significant. B0 = baseline; MLD = manual lymph drainage; P = after intensive treatment; P1, P3, P6, and P12 = after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of maintenance treatment, respectively.

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