Table 3.
Open in new tab

Meta-analyses of Primary Comparisons

ComparisonSummary OR (95% CI) by Fixed EffectsSummary OR (95% CI) by Random EffectsHeterogeneity I2, % (95% CI)Heterogeneity P Value
Code sharing (2021 vs 2019)1.78 (1.06–2.98)1.78 (1.06–2.98)0 (0–65).66
Code sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.62 (.87–3.01)1.62 (.87–3.01)0 (0–65).7
Code sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)1.65 (.98–2.75)1.65 (.98–2.75)22 (0–65).24
Data sharing (2021 vs 2019)0.77 (.64–.94)0.77 (.64–.94)15 (0–57).31
Data sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.07 (.87–1.31)1.10 (.86–1.40)0 (0–65).44
Data sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.36 (.26–.50)0.36 (.24–.53)4 (0–66).40
Registration (2021 vs 2019)0.83 (.67–1.03)0.82 (.63–1.07)0 (0–65).49
Registration (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.00 (.79–1.28)1.01 (.79–1.28)0 (0–65).43
Registration (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.65 (.49–.87)0.78 (.43–1.42)72 (44–86)<.01
COI disclosures (2021 vs 2019)1.08 (.77–1.51)1.08 (.77–1.51)40 (0–75).13
COI disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.16 (.80–1.68)1.16 (.80–1.68)20 (0–83).29
COI disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.90 (.56–1.42)0.81 (.44–1.49)37 (0–73).15
Funding disclosures (2021 vs 2019)0.67 (.53–.86)0.60 (.36–.98)27 (0–67).21
Funding disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)0.72 (.54–.97)0.72 (.54–.97)5 (0–72).39
Funding disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.84 (.63–1.11)0.65 (.32–1.32)65 (22–85)<.01
ComparisonSummary OR (95% CI) by Fixed EffectsSummary OR (95% CI) by Random EffectsHeterogeneity I2, % (95% CI)Heterogeneity P Value
Code sharing (2021 vs 2019)1.78 (1.06–2.98)1.78 (1.06–2.98)0 (0–65).66
Code sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.62 (.87–3.01)1.62 (.87–3.01)0 (0–65).7
Code sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)1.65 (.98–2.75)1.65 (.98–2.75)22 (0–65).24
Data sharing (2021 vs 2019)0.77 (.64–.94)0.77 (.64–.94)15 (0–57).31
Data sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.07 (.87–1.31)1.10 (.86–1.40)0 (0–65).44
Data sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.36 (.26–.50)0.36 (.24–.53)4 (0–66).40
Registration (2021 vs 2019)0.83 (.67–1.03)0.82 (.63–1.07)0 (0–65).49
Registration (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.00 (.79–1.28)1.01 (.79–1.28)0 (0–65).43
Registration (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.65 (.49–.87)0.78 (.43–1.42)72 (44–86)<.01
COI disclosures (2021 vs 2019)1.08 (.77–1.51)1.08 (.77–1.51)40 (0–75).13
COI disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.16 (.80–1.68)1.16 (.80–1.68)20 (0–83).29
COI disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.90 (.56–1.42)0.81 (.44–1.49)37 (0–73).15
Funding disclosures (2021 vs 2019)0.67 (.53–.86)0.60 (.36–.98)27 (0–67).21
Funding disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)0.72 (.54–.97)0.72 (.54–.97)5 (0–72).39
Funding disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.84 (.63–1.11)0.65 (.32–1.32)65 (22–85)<.01

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COI, conflict of interest; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; OR, odds ratio.

Table 3.
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Meta-analyses of Primary Comparisons

ComparisonSummary OR (95% CI) by Fixed EffectsSummary OR (95% CI) by Random EffectsHeterogeneity I2, % (95% CI)Heterogeneity P Value
Code sharing (2021 vs 2019)1.78 (1.06–2.98)1.78 (1.06–2.98)0 (0–65).66
Code sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.62 (.87–3.01)1.62 (.87–3.01)0 (0–65).7
Code sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)1.65 (.98–2.75)1.65 (.98–2.75)22 (0–65).24
Data sharing (2021 vs 2019)0.77 (.64–.94)0.77 (.64–.94)15 (0–57).31
Data sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.07 (.87–1.31)1.10 (.86–1.40)0 (0–65).44
Data sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.36 (.26–.50)0.36 (.24–.53)4 (0–66).40
Registration (2021 vs 2019)0.83 (.67–1.03)0.82 (.63–1.07)0 (0–65).49
Registration (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.00 (.79–1.28)1.01 (.79–1.28)0 (0–65).43
Registration (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.65 (.49–.87)0.78 (.43–1.42)72 (44–86)<.01
COI disclosures (2021 vs 2019)1.08 (.77–1.51)1.08 (.77–1.51)40 (0–75).13
COI disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.16 (.80–1.68)1.16 (.80–1.68)20 (0–83).29
COI disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.90 (.56–1.42)0.81 (.44–1.49)37 (0–73).15
Funding disclosures (2021 vs 2019)0.67 (.53–.86)0.60 (.36–.98)27 (0–67).21
Funding disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)0.72 (.54–.97)0.72 (.54–.97)5 (0–72).39
Funding disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.84 (.63–1.11)0.65 (.32–1.32)65 (22–85)<.01
ComparisonSummary OR (95% CI) by Fixed EffectsSummary OR (95% CI) by Random EffectsHeterogeneity I2, % (95% CI)Heterogeneity P Value
Code sharing (2021 vs 2019)1.78 (1.06–2.98)1.78 (1.06–2.98)0 (0–65).66
Code sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.62 (.87–3.01)1.62 (.87–3.01)0 (0–65).7
Code sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)1.65 (.98–2.75)1.65 (.98–2.75)22 (0–65).24
Data sharing (2021 vs 2019)0.77 (.64–.94)0.77 (.64–.94)15 (0–57).31
Data sharing (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.07 (.87–1.31)1.10 (.86–1.40)0 (0–65).44
Data sharing (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.36 (.26–.50)0.36 (.24–.53)4 (0–66).40
Registration (2021 vs 2019)0.83 (.67–1.03)0.82 (.63–1.07)0 (0–65).49
Registration (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.00 (.79–1.28)1.01 (.79–1.28)0 (0–65).43
Registration (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.65 (.49–.87)0.78 (.43–1.42)72 (44–86)<.01
COI disclosures (2021 vs 2019)1.08 (.77–1.51)1.08 (.77–1.51)40 (0–75).13
COI disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)1.16 (.80–1.68)1.16 (.80–1.68)20 (0–83).29
COI disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.90 (.56–1.42)0.81 (.44–1.49)37 (0–73).15
Funding disclosures (2021 vs 2019)0.67 (.53–.86)0.60 (.36–.98)27 (0–67).21
Funding disclosures (2021 non-COVID-19 vs 2019)0.72 (.54–.97)0.72 (.54–.97)5 (0–72).39
Funding disclosures (2021 COVID-19 vs 2021 non-COVID-19)0.84 (.63–1.11)0.65 (.32–1.32)65 (22–85)<.01

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COI, conflict of interest; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; OR, odds ratio.

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