Evidence of SEE-scape nodes’ relevance in the modern seascape, a brief annotated bibliography for each SEE-scape node.
| SEE-scape node | Reference | Annotation |
| Acidification | Hoegh-Guldberg et al. (2007) “Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.”and Jarvis et al. (2022) “Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups” | The impacts on behaviour of ocean acidification is a disputed topic in marine ecological literature. There is some evidence to suggest it will have an impact on the physiology and behaviour of marine species (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007); and some evidence that it will not (Jarvis et al., 2022). |
| Air temperature | Moline et al. (2004) “Alteration of the food web along the Antarctic Peninsula in response to a regional warming trend” | Changes in the atmospheric temperature will interact with the mechanisms of the seascape, especially in areas where sea ice plays a large role in the community and species ecology, as was found in phytoplankton community of the Antarctic. |
| Anthropocene | Arlinghaus et al. (2021) “Niche overlap among anglers, fishers and cormorants and their removals of fish biomass: A case from brackish lagoon ecosystems in the southern Baltic Sea” | In the Baltic Sea, cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and commercial fisheries compete for the same resources in the contemporary seascape. |
| Bathymetry | Hosegood et al. (2019) “Internal lee waves and baroclinic bores over a tropical seamount shark ‘hot-spot’” | The sub-surface features of the Chagos archipelago produce favourable conditions for large aggregations of sharks in largely featureless pelagic waters. |
| Bodily harm and recovery from bodily harm | Votier et al. (2005) “Oil pollution and climate have wide-scale impacts on seabird demographics” | Oil spills in the North Atlantic had additive effects on the mortality of seabirds relative to baseline survival rates. |
| Distribution of species | McMahan and Grabowski (2019) “Nonconsumptive effects of a range-expanding predator on juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) population dynamics” | The historic distribution of species can play a role in the contemporary response of a species to community changes. The history of spatial overlap between lobsters Homarus americanus and sea bass predicted the contemporary space use of juvenile lobsters as climate change drives range expansion in their predator, sea bass Centropristis striata. |
| Interspecific competition | Nash et al. (2012) “Influence of habitat condition and competition on foraging behaviour of parrotfishes” | Competition between two species of parrotfish (Scarus spp.) was found to be a significant predictor of individuals space use, specific to foraging, in a coral reef system. |
| Intraspecific competition | Wakefield et al. (2013) “Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets” | Among-species breeding period foraging areas were spatially explicit between 12 colonies of Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in the UK. A density-dependent modellign approach suggests these foraging home ranges are driven by intra-specific intercolonial competition for pelagic prey. |
| Migration | Mather et al. (2013) “What happens in an estuary doesn’t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research” | Variation in a single species migration can have cascading effects into and across multiple different systems. |
| Nonconsumptive effects | Breed et al. (2017) “Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behaviour in the presence of Arctic killer whales” | The presence of killer whales Orcinus orca resulted in sustained behavioural modification by narwhales in the Admiralty Inlet, Canada. |
| Oceanographic features | Miller et al. (2015) “Basking sharks and oceanographic fronts: quantifying associations in the north-east Atlantic” | Spatial and temporal variation in oceanographic frontal zones correlated with basking shark Cetorhinus maximus space use. |
| Productivity | Sabal et al. (2020) “California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales” | The foraging ecology of a juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. shifts based on the productivity of the environment and the scale at which researchers examine the focal behaviours and focal phenomena. |
| Physiological constraints | Brownscombe et al. (2017) “Ecology of Exercise in Wild Fish: Integrating Concepts of Individual Physiological Capacity, Behaviour, and Fitness Through Diverse Case Studies” | Bonefish Albula vulpis were found to forage selectively in habitats where the abiotic conditions were within their thermal optima. |
| Refugia | Kanno et al. (2019) “Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves” | Species may use physical features of the seascape to recuperate energy. In Australia, juvenile mangrove whiprays Urogymnus granulatus and cowtail stingrays Pastinachus ater were found to rest in mangrove fringes depending on the tide and season. |
| Reproduction | Cassill (2021) “Multiple maternal risk-management adaptations in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) mitigate clutch failure caused by catastrophic storms and predators” | Female loggerhead turtles on the south eastern coast of Florida (USA) were found to adjust their behaviour to try to mitigate the fitness consequences of clutch loss. |
| Resources | Santana-Garcon et al. (2014) “Development and validation of a mid-water baited stereo-video technique for investigating pelagic fish assemblages” | A test of pelagic stereo BRUVS was able to identify the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages. |
| Sea surface temperature (SST) | Freitas et al. (2021) “Sea temperature effects on depth use and habitat selection in a marine fish community” | In Norway, thermal heterogeneity allowed for fish species to adjust their vertical distribution to stay within their thermal optima. |
| Social context | Keller et al. (2017) “The effects of familiarity on the social interactions of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris” | Social network analysis in semi-captive juvenile lemon sharks identified preference for familiar individuals, over unfamiliar individuals. |
| Storm frequency and intensity | Sherley et al. (2012) “Storms and heat limit the nest success of Bank Cormorants: Implications of future climate change for a surface-nesting seabird in southern Africa” | Heat waves, air temperature, and storms, were found to influence the nest success of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus in the Benguela Upwelling System. |
| Suitable habitat | Calich et al. (2018) “Overlap between highly suitable habitats and longline gear management areas reveals vulnerable and protected regions for highly migratory sharks” | Suitable habitat was identified for a group of elasmobranchs using maximum entropy models and overlap of this habitat with fisheries gear was assessed. |
| Tides | Trevail et al. (2019) “Environmental heterogeneity amplifies behavioural response to a temporal cycle” | Short scale tidal regimes interact with larger scale environmental variables to driver greater variability in resource availability. For black-legged kittiwakes Rissa trdactyla, this results in amplification of behavioural variation across tidal regimes. |
| SEE-scape node | Reference | Annotation |
| Acidification | Hoegh-Guldberg et al. (2007) “Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.”and Jarvis et al. (2022) “Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups” | The impacts on behaviour of ocean acidification is a disputed topic in marine ecological literature. There is some evidence to suggest it will have an impact on the physiology and behaviour of marine species (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007); and some evidence that it will not (Jarvis et al., 2022). |
| Air temperature | Moline et al. (2004) “Alteration of the food web along the Antarctic Peninsula in response to a regional warming trend” | Changes in the atmospheric temperature will interact with the mechanisms of the seascape, especially in areas where sea ice plays a large role in the community and species ecology, as was found in phytoplankton community of the Antarctic. |
| Anthropocene | Arlinghaus et al. (2021) “Niche overlap among anglers, fishers and cormorants and their removals of fish biomass: A case from brackish lagoon ecosystems in the southern Baltic Sea” | In the Baltic Sea, cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and commercial fisheries compete for the same resources in the contemporary seascape. |
| Bathymetry | Hosegood et al. (2019) “Internal lee waves and baroclinic bores over a tropical seamount shark ‘hot-spot’” | The sub-surface features of the Chagos archipelago produce favourable conditions for large aggregations of sharks in largely featureless pelagic waters. |
| Bodily harm and recovery from bodily harm | Votier et al. (2005) “Oil pollution and climate have wide-scale impacts on seabird demographics” | Oil spills in the North Atlantic had additive effects on the mortality of seabirds relative to baseline survival rates. |
| Distribution of species | McMahan and Grabowski (2019) “Nonconsumptive effects of a range-expanding predator on juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) population dynamics” | The historic distribution of species can play a role in the contemporary response of a species to community changes. The history of spatial overlap between lobsters Homarus americanus and sea bass predicted the contemporary space use of juvenile lobsters as climate change drives range expansion in their predator, sea bass Centropristis striata. |
| Interspecific competition | Nash et al. (2012) “Influence of habitat condition and competition on foraging behaviour of parrotfishes” | Competition between two species of parrotfish (Scarus spp.) was found to be a significant predictor of individuals space use, specific to foraging, in a coral reef system. |
| Intraspecific competition | Wakefield et al. (2013) “Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets” | Among-species breeding period foraging areas were spatially explicit between 12 colonies of Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in the UK. A density-dependent modellign approach suggests these foraging home ranges are driven by intra-specific intercolonial competition for pelagic prey. |
| Migration | Mather et al. (2013) “What happens in an estuary doesn’t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research” | Variation in a single species migration can have cascading effects into and across multiple different systems. |
| Nonconsumptive effects | Breed et al. (2017) “Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behaviour in the presence of Arctic killer whales” | The presence of killer whales Orcinus orca resulted in sustained behavioural modification by narwhales in the Admiralty Inlet, Canada. |
| Oceanographic features | Miller et al. (2015) “Basking sharks and oceanographic fronts: quantifying associations in the north-east Atlantic” | Spatial and temporal variation in oceanographic frontal zones correlated with basking shark Cetorhinus maximus space use. |
| Productivity | Sabal et al. (2020) “California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales” | The foraging ecology of a juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. shifts based on the productivity of the environment and the scale at which researchers examine the focal behaviours and focal phenomena. |
| Physiological constraints | Brownscombe et al. (2017) “Ecology of Exercise in Wild Fish: Integrating Concepts of Individual Physiological Capacity, Behaviour, and Fitness Through Diverse Case Studies” | Bonefish Albula vulpis were found to forage selectively in habitats where the abiotic conditions were within their thermal optima. |
| Refugia | Kanno et al. (2019) “Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves” | Species may use physical features of the seascape to recuperate energy. In Australia, juvenile mangrove whiprays Urogymnus granulatus and cowtail stingrays Pastinachus ater were found to rest in mangrove fringes depending on the tide and season. |
| Reproduction | Cassill (2021) “Multiple maternal risk-management adaptations in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) mitigate clutch failure caused by catastrophic storms and predators” | Female loggerhead turtles on the south eastern coast of Florida (USA) were found to adjust their behaviour to try to mitigate the fitness consequences of clutch loss. |
| Resources | Santana-Garcon et al. (2014) “Development and validation of a mid-water baited stereo-video technique for investigating pelagic fish assemblages” | A test of pelagic stereo BRUVS was able to identify the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages. |
| Sea surface temperature (SST) | Freitas et al. (2021) “Sea temperature effects on depth use and habitat selection in a marine fish community” | In Norway, thermal heterogeneity allowed for fish species to adjust their vertical distribution to stay within their thermal optima. |
| Social context | Keller et al. (2017) “The effects of familiarity on the social interactions of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris” | Social network analysis in semi-captive juvenile lemon sharks identified preference for familiar individuals, over unfamiliar individuals. |
| Storm frequency and intensity | Sherley et al. (2012) “Storms and heat limit the nest success of Bank Cormorants: Implications of future climate change for a surface-nesting seabird in southern Africa” | Heat waves, air temperature, and storms, were found to influence the nest success of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus in the Benguela Upwelling System. |
| Suitable habitat | Calich et al. (2018) “Overlap between highly suitable habitats and longline gear management areas reveals vulnerable and protected regions for highly migratory sharks” | Suitable habitat was identified for a group of elasmobranchs using maximum entropy models and overlap of this habitat with fisheries gear was assessed. |
| Tides | Trevail et al. (2019) “Environmental heterogeneity amplifies behavioural response to a temporal cycle” | Short scale tidal regimes interact with larger scale environmental variables to driver greater variability in resource availability. For black-legged kittiwakes Rissa trdactyla, this results in amplification of behavioural variation across tidal regimes. |
In the table, for each node, an exemplar from the literature is provided to illustrate the relevance of and importance of measuring the ecological driver in the context of the contemporary seascape and modern ecological studies.
Evidence of SEE-scape nodes’ relevance in the modern seascape, a brief annotated bibliography for each SEE-scape node.
| SEE-scape node | Reference | Annotation |
| Acidification | Hoegh-Guldberg et al. (2007) “Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.”and Jarvis et al. (2022) “Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups” | The impacts on behaviour of ocean acidification is a disputed topic in marine ecological literature. There is some evidence to suggest it will have an impact on the physiology and behaviour of marine species (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007); and some evidence that it will not (Jarvis et al., 2022). |
| Air temperature | Moline et al. (2004) “Alteration of the food web along the Antarctic Peninsula in response to a regional warming trend” | Changes in the atmospheric temperature will interact with the mechanisms of the seascape, especially in areas where sea ice plays a large role in the community and species ecology, as was found in phytoplankton community of the Antarctic. |
| Anthropocene | Arlinghaus et al. (2021) “Niche overlap among anglers, fishers and cormorants and their removals of fish biomass: A case from brackish lagoon ecosystems in the southern Baltic Sea” | In the Baltic Sea, cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and commercial fisheries compete for the same resources in the contemporary seascape. |
| Bathymetry | Hosegood et al. (2019) “Internal lee waves and baroclinic bores over a tropical seamount shark ‘hot-spot’” | The sub-surface features of the Chagos archipelago produce favourable conditions for large aggregations of sharks in largely featureless pelagic waters. |
| Bodily harm and recovery from bodily harm | Votier et al. (2005) “Oil pollution and climate have wide-scale impacts on seabird demographics” | Oil spills in the North Atlantic had additive effects on the mortality of seabirds relative to baseline survival rates. |
| Distribution of species | McMahan and Grabowski (2019) “Nonconsumptive effects of a range-expanding predator on juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) population dynamics” | The historic distribution of species can play a role in the contemporary response of a species to community changes. The history of spatial overlap between lobsters Homarus americanus and sea bass predicted the contemporary space use of juvenile lobsters as climate change drives range expansion in their predator, sea bass Centropristis striata. |
| Interspecific competition | Nash et al. (2012) “Influence of habitat condition and competition on foraging behaviour of parrotfishes” | Competition between two species of parrotfish (Scarus spp.) was found to be a significant predictor of individuals space use, specific to foraging, in a coral reef system. |
| Intraspecific competition | Wakefield et al. (2013) “Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets” | Among-species breeding period foraging areas were spatially explicit between 12 colonies of Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in the UK. A density-dependent modellign approach suggests these foraging home ranges are driven by intra-specific intercolonial competition for pelagic prey. |
| Migration | Mather et al. (2013) “What happens in an estuary doesn’t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research” | Variation in a single species migration can have cascading effects into and across multiple different systems. |
| Nonconsumptive effects | Breed et al. (2017) “Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behaviour in the presence of Arctic killer whales” | The presence of killer whales Orcinus orca resulted in sustained behavioural modification by narwhales in the Admiralty Inlet, Canada. |
| Oceanographic features | Miller et al. (2015) “Basking sharks and oceanographic fronts: quantifying associations in the north-east Atlantic” | Spatial and temporal variation in oceanographic frontal zones correlated with basking shark Cetorhinus maximus space use. |
| Productivity | Sabal et al. (2020) “California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales” | The foraging ecology of a juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. shifts based on the productivity of the environment and the scale at which researchers examine the focal behaviours and focal phenomena. |
| Physiological constraints | Brownscombe et al. (2017) “Ecology of Exercise in Wild Fish: Integrating Concepts of Individual Physiological Capacity, Behaviour, and Fitness Through Diverse Case Studies” | Bonefish Albula vulpis were found to forage selectively in habitats where the abiotic conditions were within their thermal optima. |
| Refugia | Kanno et al. (2019) “Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves” | Species may use physical features of the seascape to recuperate energy. In Australia, juvenile mangrove whiprays Urogymnus granulatus and cowtail stingrays Pastinachus ater were found to rest in mangrove fringes depending on the tide and season. |
| Reproduction | Cassill (2021) “Multiple maternal risk-management adaptations in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) mitigate clutch failure caused by catastrophic storms and predators” | Female loggerhead turtles on the south eastern coast of Florida (USA) were found to adjust their behaviour to try to mitigate the fitness consequences of clutch loss. |
| Resources | Santana-Garcon et al. (2014) “Development and validation of a mid-water baited stereo-video technique for investigating pelagic fish assemblages” | A test of pelagic stereo BRUVS was able to identify the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages. |
| Sea surface temperature (SST) | Freitas et al. (2021) “Sea temperature effects on depth use and habitat selection in a marine fish community” | In Norway, thermal heterogeneity allowed for fish species to adjust their vertical distribution to stay within their thermal optima. |
| Social context | Keller et al. (2017) “The effects of familiarity on the social interactions of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris” | Social network analysis in semi-captive juvenile lemon sharks identified preference for familiar individuals, over unfamiliar individuals. |
| Storm frequency and intensity | Sherley et al. (2012) “Storms and heat limit the nest success of Bank Cormorants: Implications of future climate change for a surface-nesting seabird in southern Africa” | Heat waves, air temperature, and storms, were found to influence the nest success of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus in the Benguela Upwelling System. |
| Suitable habitat | Calich et al. (2018) “Overlap between highly suitable habitats and longline gear management areas reveals vulnerable and protected regions for highly migratory sharks” | Suitable habitat was identified for a group of elasmobranchs using maximum entropy models and overlap of this habitat with fisheries gear was assessed. |
| Tides | Trevail et al. (2019) “Environmental heterogeneity amplifies behavioural response to a temporal cycle” | Short scale tidal regimes interact with larger scale environmental variables to driver greater variability in resource availability. For black-legged kittiwakes Rissa trdactyla, this results in amplification of behavioural variation across tidal regimes. |
| SEE-scape node | Reference | Annotation |
| Acidification | Hoegh-Guldberg et al. (2007) “Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.”and Jarvis et al. (2022) “Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups” | The impacts on behaviour of ocean acidification is a disputed topic in marine ecological literature. There is some evidence to suggest it will have an impact on the physiology and behaviour of marine species (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007); and some evidence that it will not (Jarvis et al., 2022). |
| Air temperature | Moline et al. (2004) “Alteration of the food web along the Antarctic Peninsula in response to a regional warming trend” | Changes in the atmospheric temperature will interact with the mechanisms of the seascape, especially in areas where sea ice plays a large role in the community and species ecology, as was found in phytoplankton community of the Antarctic. |
| Anthropocene | Arlinghaus et al. (2021) “Niche overlap among anglers, fishers and cormorants and their removals of fish biomass: A case from brackish lagoon ecosystems in the southern Baltic Sea” | In the Baltic Sea, cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis and commercial fisheries compete for the same resources in the contemporary seascape. |
| Bathymetry | Hosegood et al. (2019) “Internal lee waves and baroclinic bores over a tropical seamount shark ‘hot-spot’” | The sub-surface features of the Chagos archipelago produce favourable conditions for large aggregations of sharks in largely featureless pelagic waters. |
| Bodily harm and recovery from bodily harm | Votier et al. (2005) “Oil pollution and climate have wide-scale impacts on seabird demographics” | Oil spills in the North Atlantic had additive effects on the mortality of seabirds relative to baseline survival rates. |
| Distribution of species | McMahan and Grabowski (2019) “Nonconsumptive effects of a range-expanding predator on juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) population dynamics” | The historic distribution of species can play a role in the contemporary response of a species to community changes. The history of spatial overlap between lobsters Homarus americanus and sea bass predicted the contemporary space use of juvenile lobsters as climate change drives range expansion in their predator, sea bass Centropristis striata. |
| Interspecific competition | Nash et al. (2012) “Influence of habitat condition and competition on foraging behaviour of parrotfishes” | Competition between two species of parrotfish (Scarus spp.) was found to be a significant predictor of individuals space use, specific to foraging, in a coral reef system. |
| Intraspecific competition | Wakefield et al. (2013) “Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets” | Among-species breeding period foraging areas were spatially explicit between 12 colonies of Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in the UK. A density-dependent modellign approach suggests these foraging home ranges are driven by intra-specific intercolonial competition for pelagic prey. |
| Migration | Mather et al. (2013) “What happens in an estuary doesn’t stay there: patterns of biotic connectivity resulting from long term ecological research” | Variation in a single species migration can have cascading effects into and across multiple different systems. |
| Nonconsumptive effects | Breed et al. (2017) “Sustained disruption of narwhal habitat use and behaviour in the presence of Arctic killer whales” | The presence of killer whales Orcinus orca resulted in sustained behavioural modification by narwhales in the Admiralty Inlet, Canada. |
| Oceanographic features | Miller et al. (2015) “Basking sharks and oceanographic fronts: quantifying associations in the north-east Atlantic” | Spatial and temporal variation in oceanographic frontal zones correlated with basking shark Cetorhinus maximus space use. |
| Productivity | Sabal et al. (2020) “California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales” | The foraging ecology of a juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. shifts based on the productivity of the environment and the scale at which researchers examine the focal behaviours and focal phenomena. |
| Physiological constraints | Brownscombe et al. (2017) “Ecology of Exercise in Wild Fish: Integrating Concepts of Individual Physiological Capacity, Behaviour, and Fitness Through Diverse Case Studies” | Bonefish Albula vulpis were found to forage selectively in habitats where the abiotic conditions were within their thermal optima. |
| Refugia | Kanno et al. (2019) “Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves” | Species may use physical features of the seascape to recuperate energy. In Australia, juvenile mangrove whiprays Urogymnus granulatus and cowtail stingrays Pastinachus ater were found to rest in mangrove fringes depending on the tide and season. |
| Reproduction | Cassill (2021) “Multiple maternal risk-management adaptations in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) mitigate clutch failure caused by catastrophic storms and predators” | Female loggerhead turtles on the south eastern coast of Florida (USA) were found to adjust their behaviour to try to mitigate the fitness consequences of clutch loss. |
| Resources | Santana-Garcon et al. (2014) “Development and validation of a mid-water baited stereo-video technique for investigating pelagic fish assemblages” | A test of pelagic stereo BRUVS was able to identify the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages. |
| Sea surface temperature (SST) | Freitas et al. (2021) “Sea temperature effects on depth use and habitat selection in a marine fish community” | In Norway, thermal heterogeneity allowed for fish species to adjust their vertical distribution to stay within their thermal optima. |
| Social context | Keller et al. (2017) “The effects of familiarity on the social interactions of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris” | Social network analysis in semi-captive juvenile lemon sharks identified preference for familiar individuals, over unfamiliar individuals. |
| Storm frequency and intensity | Sherley et al. (2012) “Storms and heat limit the nest success of Bank Cormorants: Implications of future climate change for a surface-nesting seabird in southern Africa” | Heat waves, air temperature, and storms, were found to influence the nest success of bank cormorants Phalacrocorax neglectus in the Benguela Upwelling System. |
| Suitable habitat | Calich et al. (2018) “Overlap between highly suitable habitats and longline gear management areas reveals vulnerable and protected regions for highly migratory sharks” | Suitable habitat was identified for a group of elasmobranchs using maximum entropy models and overlap of this habitat with fisheries gear was assessed. |
| Tides | Trevail et al. (2019) “Environmental heterogeneity amplifies behavioural response to a temporal cycle” | Short scale tidal regimes interact with larger scale environmental variables to driver greater variability in resource availability. For black-legged kittiwakes Rissa trdactyla, this results in amplification of behavioural variation across tidal regimes. |
In the table, for each node, an exemplar from the literature is provided to illustrate the relevance of and importance of measuring the ecological driver in the context of the contemporary seascape and modern ecological studies.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
