| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: Still Childbearing at Census . | # Children . | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 . | Childless . |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0483^{***}$| | |$-0.0345^{***}$| | 0.0089|$^{***}$| |
| (0.0127) | (0.0117) | (0.0024) | |
| N | 494,437 | 313,981 | 494,437 |
| Mean | 1.6590 | 2.6118 | 0.3648 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| B: Completed fertility at Census | # Children | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 | Childless |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0212^{**}$| | |$-0.0218^{**}$| | 0.0027|$^{*}$| |
| (0.0103) | (0.0098) | (0.0016) | |
| N | 237,603 | 171,166 | 237,603 |
| Mean | 1.9278 | 2.6753 | 0.2794 |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: Still Childbearing at Census . | # Children . | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 . | Childless . |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0483^{***}$| | |$-0.0345^{***}$| | 0.0089|$^{***}$| |
| (0.0127) | (0.0117) | (0.0024) | |
| N | 494,437 | 313,981 | 494,437 |
| Mean | 1.6590 | 2.6118 | 0.3648 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| B: Completed fertility at Census | # Children | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 | Childless |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0212^{**}$| | |$-0.0218^{**}$| | 0.0027|$^{*}$| |
| (0.0103) | (0.0098) | (0.0016) | |
| N | 237,603 | 171,166 | 237,603 |
| Mean | 1.9278 | 2.6753 | 0.2794 |
Notes: The dependent variables are (1) the total number of children, (2) the total number of children conditional on having at least 1, and (3) a dummy variable that equals 1 if the woman has zero children, and 0 otherwise. |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| is the average state-level pneumonia mortality rate between 1930 and 1936, interacted with the number of fertile years (aged 15–40) that a woman was exposed to sulfa drugs. These are OLS regressions with standard errors (in parentheses) clustered at the state of birth level. *denotes p-value < 0.1, **denotes p-value < 0.05, and ***denotes p-value < 0.01.
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: Still Childbearing at Census . | # Children . | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 . | Childless . |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0483^{***}$| | |$-0.0345^{***}$| | 0.0089|$^{***}$| |
| (0.0127) | (0.0117) | (0.0024) | |
| N | 494,437 | 313,981 | 494,437 |
| Mean | 1.6590 | 2.6118 | 0.3648 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| B: Completed fertility at Census | # Children | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 | Childless |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0212^{**}$| | |$-0.0218^{**}$| | 0.0027|$^{*}$| |
| (0.0103) | (0.0098) | (0.0016) | |
| N | 237,603 | 171,166 | 237,603 |
| Mean | 1.9278 | 2.6753 | 0.2794 |
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: Still Childbearing at Census . | # Children . | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 . | Childless . |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0483^{***}$| | |$-0.0345^{***}$| | 0.0089|$^{***}$| |
| (0.0127) | (0.0117) | (0.0024) | |
| N | 494,437 | 313,981 | 494,437 |
| Mean | 1.6590 | 2.6118 | 0.3648 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| B: Completed fertility at Census | # Children | # Children |${\vert }$| Children |$>$|0 | Childless |
| |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| | |$-0.0212^{**}$| | |$-0.0218^{**}$| | 0.0027|$^{*}$| |
| (0.0103) | (0.0098) | (0.0016) | |
| N | 237,603 | 171,166 | 237,603 |
| Mean | 1.9278 | 2.6753 | 0.2794 |
Notes: The dependent variables are (1) the total number of children, (2) the total number of children conditional on having at least 1, and (3) a dummy variable that equals 1 if the woman has zero children, and 0 otherwise. |${prePneumonia}\ast {sulfayears}$| is the average state-level pneumonia mortality rate between 1930 and 1936, interacted with the number of fertile years (aged 15–40) that a woman was exposed to sulfa drugs. These are OLS regressions with standard errors (in parentheses) clustered at the state of birth level. *denotes p-value < 0.1, **denotes p-value < 0.05, and ***denotes p-value < 0.01.
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