Associations of prenatal animal exposure with atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
| . | . | Atopic dermatitis . | Asthma . | Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . |
| Cat | No | 974 | – | – | 4435 | – | – | 14 902 | – | – |
| Yes | 251 | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.93 (0.80,1.07) | 1219 | 0.89 (0.84,0.95) | 0.94 (0.88,1.01) | 4272 | 0.92 (0.89,0.96) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | |
| Dog | No | 1000 | – | – | 4509 | – | – | 15 102 | – | – |
| Yes | 225 | 0.77 (0.67,0.89) | 0.81 (0.70,0.94) | 1145 | 0.86 (0.81,0.92) | 0.88 (0.82,0.94) | 4072 | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.93 (0.90,0.97) | |
| Rabbits | No | 1168 | – | – | 5389 | – | – | 18 465 | – | – |
| Yes | 57 | 1.04 (0.79,1.36) | 1.16 (0.88,1.52) | 265 | 1.03 (0.91,1.17) | 1.10 (0.96,1.24) | 709 | 0.79 (0.73,0.85) | 0.88 (0.81,0.95) | |
| Rodents | No | 1193 | – | – | 5513 | – | – | 18 747 | – | – |
| Yes | 32 | 1.10 (0.77,1.56) | 1.17 (0.82,1.67) | 141 | 1.05 (0.89,1.24) | 1.06 (0.90,1.26) | 427 | 0.92 (0.84,1.02) | 1.00 (0.91,1.10) | |
| Birds | No | 1152 | – | – | 5220 | – | – | 17 938 | – | – |
| Yes | 73 | 0.83 (0.65,1.05) | 0.90 (0.70,1.14) | 434 | 1.09 (0.98,1.20) | 1.12 (1.00,1.24) | 1236 | 0.88 (0.83,0.94) | 0.95 (0.90,1.01) | |
| Livestock | No | 1174 | – | – | 5342 | – | – | 18 169 | – | – |
| Yes | 51 | 0.65 (0.49,0.87) | 0.79 (0.59,1.06) | 312 | 0.88 (0.78,0.98) | 1.00 (0.88,1.13) | 1005 | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | 0.93 (0.87,0.99) | |
| . | . | Atopic dermatitis . | Asthma . | Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . |
| Cat | No | 974 | – | – | 4435 | – | – | 14 902 | – | – |
| Yes | 251 | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.93 (0.80,1.07) | 1219 | 0.89 (0.84,0.95) | 0.94 (0.88,1.01) | 4272 | 0.92 (0.89,0.96) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | |
| Dog | No | 1000 | – | – | 4509 | – | – | 15 102 | – | – |
| Yes | 225 | 0.77 (0.67,0.89) | 0.81 (0.70,0.94) | 1145 | 0.86 (0.81,0.92) | 0.88 (0.82,0.94) | 4072 | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.93 (0.90,0.97) | |
| Rabbits | No | 1168 | – | – | 5389 | – | – | 18 465 | – | – |
| Yes | 57 | 1.04 (0.79,1.36) | 1.16 (0.88,1.52) | 265 | 1.03 (0.91,1.17) | 1.10 (0.96,1.24) | 709 | 0.79 (0.73,0.85) | 0.88 (0.81,0.95) | |
| Rodents | No | 1193 | – | – | 5513 | – | – | 18 747 | – | – |
| Yes | 32 | 1.10 (0.77,1.56) | 1.17 (0.82,1.67) | 141 | 1.05 (0.89,1.24) | 1.06 (0.90,1.26) | 427 | 0.92 (0.84,1.02) | 1.00 (0.91,1.10) | |
| Birds | No | 1152 | – | – | 5220 | – | – | 17 938 | – | – |
| Yes | 73 | 0.83 (0.65,1.05) | 0.90 (0.70,1.14) | 434 | 1.09 (0.98,1.20) | 1.12 (1.00,1.24) | 1236 | 0.88 (0.83,0.94) | 0.95 (0.90,1.01) | |
| Livestock | No | 1174 | – | – | 5342 | – | – | 18 169 | – | – |
| Yes | 51 | 0.65 (0.49,0.87) | 0.79 (0.59,1.06) | 312 | 0.88 (0.78,0.98) | 1.00 (0.88,1.13) | 1005 | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | 0.93 (0.87,0.99) | |
HR, hazard ratio.
Adjusted for age (underlying time scale) and sex.
Additionally adjusted for maternal asthma, maternal inhalant allergy, paternal asthma, paternal allergy, maternal education, equivalized disposable household income, maternal age at birth, number of children living in the home, household crowding, smoking during pregnancy and living in Copenhagen, plus mutually adjusted for other animal exposures.
Associations of prenatal animal exposure with atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
| . | . | Atopic dermatitis . | Asthma . | Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . |
| Cat | No | 974 | – | – | 4435 | – | – | 14 902 | – | – |
| Yes | 251 | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.93 (0.80,1.07) | 1219 | 0.89 (0.84,0.95) | 0.94 (0.88,1.01) | 4272 | 0.92 (0.89,0.96) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | |
| Dog | No | 1000 | – | – | 4509 | – | – | 15 102 | – | – |
| Yes | 225 | 0.77 (0.67,0.89) | 0.81 (0.70,0.94) | 1145 | 0.86 (0.81,0.92) | 0.88 (0.82,0.94) | 4072 | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.93 (0.90,0.97) | |
| Rabbits | No | 1168 | – | – | 5389 | – | – | 18 465 | – | – |
| Yes | 57 | 1.04 (0.79,1.36) | 1.16 (0.88,1.52) | 265 | 1.03 (0.91,1.17) | 1.10 (0.96,1.24) | 709 | 0.79 (0.73,0.85) | 0.88 (0.81,0.95) | |
| Rodents | No | 1193 | – | – | 5513 | – | – | 18 747 | – | – |
| Yes | 32 | 1.10 (0.77,1.56) | 1.17 (0.82,1.67) | 141 | 1.05 (0.89,1.24) | 1.06 (0.90,1.26) | 427 | 0.92 (0.84,1.02) | 1.00 (0.91,1.10) | |
| Birds | No | 1152 | – | – | 5220 | – | – | 17 938 | – | – |
| Yes | 73 | 0.83 (0.65,1.05) | 0.90 (0.70,1.14) | 434 | 1.09 (0.98,1.20) | 1.12 (1.00,1.24) | 1236 | 0.88 (0.83,0.94) | 0.95 (0.90,1.01) | |
| Livestock | No | 1174 | – | – | 5342 | – | – | 18 169 | – | – |
| Yes | 51 | 0.65 (0.49,0.87) | 0.79 (0.59,1.06) | 312 | 0.88 (0.78,0.98) | 1.00 (0.88,1.13) | 1005 | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | 0.93 (0.87,0.99) | |
| . | . | Atopic dermatitis . | Asthma . | Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . | Cases . | Minimally adjusteda HR (95% CI) . | Adjustedb HR (95% CI) . |
| Cat | No | 974 | – | – | 4435 | – | – | 14 902 | – | – |
| Yes | 251 | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.93 (0.80,1.07) | 1219 | 0.89 (0.84,0.95) | 0.94 (0.88,1.01) | 4272 | 0.92 (0.89,0.96) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | |
| Dog | No | 1000 | – | – | 4509 | – | – | 15 102 | – | – |
| Yes | 225 | 0.77 (0.67,0.89) | 0.81 (0.70,0.94) | 1145 | 0.86 (0.81,0.92) | 0.88 (0.82,0.94) | 4072 | 0.91 (0.88,0.94) | 0.93 (0.90,0.97) | |
| Rabbits | No | 1168 | – | – | 5389 | – | – | 18 465 | – | – |
| Yes | 57 | 1.04 (0.79,1.36) | 1.16 (0.88,1.52) | 265 | 1.03 (0.91,1.17) | 1.10 (0.96,1.24) | 709 | 0.79 (0.73,0.85) | 0.88 (0.81,0.95) | |
| Rodents | No | 1193 | – | – | 5513 | – | – | 18 747 | – | – |
| Yes | 32 | 1.10 (0.77,1.56) | 1.17 (0.82,1.67) | 141 | 1.05 (0.89,1.24) | 1.06 (0.90,1.26) | 427 | 0.92 (0.84,1.02) | 1.00 (0.91,1.10) | |
| Birds | No | 1152 | – | – | 5220 | – | – | 17 938 | – | – |
| Yes | 73 | 0.83 (0.65,1.05) | 0.90 (0.70,1.14) | 434 | 1.09 (0.98,1.20) | 1.12 (1.00,1.24) | 1236 | 0.88 (0.83,0.94) | 0.95 (0.90,1.01) | |
| Livestock | No | 1174 | – | – | 5342 | – | – | 18 169 | – | – |
| Yes | 51 | 0.65 (0.49,0.87) | 0.79 (0.59,1.06) | 312 | 0.88 (0.78,0.98) | 1.00 (0.88,1.13) | 1005 | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | 0.93 (0.87,0.99) | |
HR, hazard ratio.
Adjusted for age (underlying time scale) and sex.
Additionally adjusted for maternal asthma, maternal inhalant allergy, paternal asthma, paternal allergy, maternal education, equivalized disposable household income, maternal age at birth, number of children living in the home, household crowding, smoking during pregnancy and living in Copenhagen, plus mutually adjusted for other animal exposures.
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