Table 1. Open in new tab Baseline...

	With SS (n = 449)	Without SS (n = 2 099 694)	P-value
Age at pregnancy, mean (SD), years	33.33 (4.11)	30.19 (4.75)	<0.0001
<25	11	(2.45)	293 498	(13.98)
25–34	277	(61.69)	1 466 989	(69.87)
>34	161	(35.86)	339 207	(16.16)
Male infants, No. (%)	220	(49.00)	1 093 929	(52.10)	0.1885
Foreign nationals, No. (%)	5	(1.11)	177 084	(8.43)	<0.0001
Place of residence, No. (%)					0.0637
Urban	296	(65.92)	1 319 825	(62.86)
Suburban	129	(28.73)	632 925	(30.14)
Rural	24	(5.35)	134 078	(6.39)
Unknown	0	0	12 866	(0.61)
Income levels, No. (%)					<0.0001
Quintile 1	60	(13.36)	425 907	(20.28)
Quintile 2	66	(14.70)	473 039	(22.53)
Quintile 3	97	(21.60)	365 326	(17.40)
Quintile 4	92	(20.49)	429 120	(20.44)
Quintile 5	134	(29.84)	406 131	(19.34)
Unknown	0	0	171	(0.01)
Occupation, No. (%)					<0.0001
Dependents	75	(16.70)	550 837	(26.23)
Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans	40	(8.91)	105 377	(5.02)
Non-manual workers and professionals	193	(42.98)	832 560	(39.65)
Manual workers	86	(19.15)	353 323	(16.83)
Other	55	(12.25)	257 597	(12.27)
Charlson comorbidity index^a	0.16 (0.46)	0.03 (0.24)	<0.0001
0	390	(86.86)	2 044 827	(97.39)
1	47	(10.47)	46 478	(2.21)
≥2	12	(2.67)	8389	(0.40)
Smoking	1	(0.22)	1829	(0.09)	0.4100
Drinking	0	0	302	(0.01)	0.7193

With SS (n = 449)

Without SS (n = 2 099 694)

P-value

Age at pregnancy, mean (SD), years

33.33 (4.11)

30.19 (4.75)

<0.0001

<25

(2.45)

293 498

(13.98)

25–34

277

(61.69)

1 466 989

(69.87)

>34

161

(35.86)

339 207

(16.16)

Male infants, No. (%)

220

(49.00)

1 093 929

(52.10)

0.1885

Foreign nationals, No. (%)

(1.11)

177 084

(8.43)

<0.0001

Place of residence, No. (%)

0.0637

Urban

296

(65.92)

1 319 825

(62.86)

Suburban

129

(28.73)

632 925

(30.14)

Rural

(5.35)

134 078

(6.39)

Unknown

12 866

(0.61)

Income levels, No. (%)

<0.0001

Quintile 1

(13.36)

425 907

(20.28)

Quintile 2

(14.70)

473 039

(22.53)

Quintile 3

(21.60)

365 326

(17.40)

Quintile 4

(20.49)

429 120

(20.44)

Quintile 5

134

(29.84)

406 131

(19.34)

Unknown

171

(0.01)

Occupation, No. (%)

<0.0001

Dependents

(16.70)

550 837

(26.23)

Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans

(8.91)

105 377

(5.02)

Non-manual workers and professionals

193

(42.98)

832 560

(39.65)

Manual workers

(19.15)

353 323

(16.83)

Other

(12.25)

257 597

(12.27)

Charlson comorbidity index^a

0.16 (0.46)

0.03 (0.24)

<0.0001

390

(86.86)

2 044 827

(97.39)

(10.47)

46 478

(2.21)

≥2

(2.67)

8389

(0.40)

Smoking

(0.22)

1829

(0.09)

0.4100

Drinking

302

(0.01)

0.7193

	With SS (n = 449)	Without SS (n = 2 099 694)	P-value
Age at pregnancy, mean (SD), years	33.33 (4.11)	30.19 (4.75)	<0.0001
<25	11	(2.45)	293 498	(13.98)
25–34	277	(61.69)	1 466 989	(69.87)
>34	161	(35.86)	339 207	(16.16)
Male infants, No. (%)	220	(49.00)	1 093 929	(52.10)	0.1885
Foreign nationals, No. (%)	5	(1.11)	177 084	(8.43)	<0.0001
Place of residence, No. (%)					0.0637
Urban	296	(65.92)	1 319 825	(62.86)
Suburban	129	(28.73)	632 925	(30.14)
Rural	24	(5.35)	134 078	(6.39)
Unknown	0	0	12 866	(0.61)
Income levels, No. (%)					<0.0001
Quintile 1	60	(13.36)	425 907	(20.28)
Quintile 2	66	(14.70)	473 039	(22.53)
Quintile 3	97	(21.60)	365 326	(17.40)
Quintile 4	92	(20.49)	429 120	(20.44)
Quintile 5	134	(29.84)	406 131	(19.34)
Unknown	0	0	171	(0.01)
Occupation, No. (%)					<0.0001
Dependents	75	(16.70)	550 837	(26.23)
Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans	40	(8.91)	105 377	(5.02)
Non-manual workers and professionals	193	(42.98)	832 560	(39.65)
Manual workers	86	(19.15)	353 323	(16.83)
Other	55	(12.25)	257 597	(12.27)
Charlson comorbidity index^a	0.16 (0.46)	0.03 (0.24)	<0.0001
0	390	(86.86)	2 044 827	(97.39)
1	47	(10.47)	46 478	(2.21)
≥2	12	(2.67)	8389	(0.40)
Smoking	1	(0.22)	1829	(0.09)	0.4100
Drinking	0	0	302	(0.01)	0.7193

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Baseline characteristics of pregnancies among women with or without SS

	With SS (n = 449)		Without SS (n = 2 099 694)		P-value
Age at pregnancy, mean (SD), years	33.33 (4.11)		30.19 (4.75)		<0.0001
<25	11	(2.45)	293 498	(13.98)
25–34	277	(61.69)	1 466 989	(69.87)
>34	161	(35.86)	339 207	(16.16)
Male infants, No. (%)	220	(49.00)	1 093 929	(52.10)	0.1885
Foreign nationals, No. (%)	5	(1.11)	177 084	(8.43)	<0.0001
Place of residence, No. (%)					0.0637
Urban	296	(65.92)	1 319 825	(62.86)
Suburban	129	(28.73)	632 925	(30.14)
Rural	24	(5.35)	134 078	(6.39)
Unknown	0	0	12 866	(0.61)
Income levels, No. (%)					<0.0001
Quintile 1	60	(13.36)	425 907	(20.28)
Quintile 2	66	(14.70)	473 039	(22.53)
Quintile 3	97	(21.60)	365 326	(17.40)
Quintile 4	92	(20.49)	429 120	(20.44)
Quintile 5	134	(29.84)	406 131	(19.34)
Unknown	0	0	171	(0.01)
Occupation, No. (%)					<0.0001
Dependents	75	(16.70)	550 837	(26.23)
Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans	40	(8.91)	105 377	(5.02)
Non-manual workers and professionals	193	(42.98)	832 560	(39.65)
Manual workers	86	(19.15)	353 323	(16.83)
Other	55	(12.25)	257 597	(12.27)
Charlson comorbidity index^a	0.16 (0.46)		0.03 (0.24)		<0.0001
0	390	(86.86)	2 044 827	(97.39)
1	47	(10.47)	46 478	(2.21)
≥2	12	(2.67)	8389	(0.40)
Smoking	1	(0.22)	1829	(0.09)	0.4100
Drinking	0	0	302	(0.01)	0.7193

	With SS (n = 449)		Without SS (n = 2 099 694)		P-value
Age at pregnancy, mean (SD), years	33.33 (4.11)		30.19 (4.75)		<0.0001
<25	11	(2.45)	293 498	(13.98)
25–34	277	(61.69)	1 466 989	(69.87)
>34	161	(35.86)	339 207	(16.16)
Male infants, No. (%)	220	(49.00)	1 093 929	(52.10)	0.1885
Foreign nationals, No. (%)	5	(1.11)	177 084	(8.43)	<0.0001
Place of residence, No. (%)					0.0637
Urban	296	(65.92)	1 319 825	(62.86)
Suburban	129	(28.73)	632 925	(30.14)
Rural	24	(5.35)	134 078	(6.39)
Unknown	0	0	12 866	(0.61)
Income levels, No. (%)					<0.0001
Quintile 1	60	(13.36)	425 907	(20.28)
Quintile 2	66	(14.70)	473 039	(22.53)
Quintile 3	97	(21.60)	365 326	(17.40)
Quintile 4	92	(20.49)	429 120	(20.44)
Quintile 5	134	(29.84)	406 131	(19.34)
Unknown	0	0	171	(0.01)
Occupation, No. (%)					<0.0001
Dependents	75	(16.70)	550 837	(26.23)
Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans	40	(8.91)	105 377	(5.02)
Non-manual workers and professionals	193	(42.98)	832 560	(39.65)
Manual workers	86	(19.15)	353 323	(16.83)
Other	55	(12.25)	257 597	(12.27)
Charlson comorbidity index^a	0.16 (0.46)		0.03 (0.24)		<0.0001
0	390	(86.86)	2 044 827	(97.39)
1	47	(10.47)	46 478	(2.21)
≥2	12	(2.67)	8389	(0.40)
Smoking	1	(0.22)	1829	(0.09)	0.4100
Drinking	0	0	302	(0.01)	0.7193

Rheumatic diseases were excluded from the Charlson comorbidity index.

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