Differences in the biochemical profile of patients with inflammatory bowel disease stratified by baseline hepcidin levels, divided into 4 quartiles
| . | Hepcidin Quartile 1 (n = 30) . | Hepcidin Quartile 2 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 3 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 4 (n = 30) . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 10 (32.3%) | 14 (48.3%) | .54 |
| Iron deficiency | 30 (100%) | 29 (93.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | <.001a |
| IDA | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | .06 |
| ACD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26.7%) | <.001a |
| Age, y | 40.80 (27.62-49.45) | 38.71 (25.95-55.00) | 42.00 (28.00-50.00) | 46.00 (31.89-59.89) | .53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.34 (22.71-28.31) | 24.00 (21.75-31.50) | 26.64 (22.20-30.10) | 25.00 (21.46-29.79) | .82 |
| Disease duration, y | 7.43 (4.30-11.81) | 9.61 (3.69-17.41) | 9.96 (3.85-18.70) | 8.96 (5.44-16.41) | .69 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.15 (7.50-8.85) | 7.80 (7.30-8.40) | 8.10 (7.50-8.90) | 8.10 (7.65-8.45) | .71 |
| MCV, fL | 87.25 (84.40-92.08) | 91.50 (87.60-94.20) | 91.65 (86.88-94.00) | 90.50 (84.95-93.55) | .15 |
| Iron, µmol/L | 11.15 (8.23-14.43) | 14.00 (10.00-21.00) | 12.75 (8.88-18.33) | 11.95 (8.00-16.75) | .36 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 22.50 (15.00-31.75) | 33.00 (21.00-46.00) | 61.00 (40.00-85.00) | 113.00 (74.25-176.00) | <.001a |
| TIBC, µmol/L | 71.00 (61.00-85.50) | 61.00 (57.00-66.00) | 63.50 (56.00-70.00) | 54.50 (47.75-59.00) | <.001a |
| Transferrin, g/L | 2.80 (2.40-3.43) | 2.40 (2.28-2.60) | 2.50 (2.20-2.83) | 2.20 (1.90-2.40) | <.001a |
| TSAT, % | 16.00 (11.00-20.75) | 24.00 (13.00-33.00) | 19.00 (12.00-28.50) | 21.00 (14.75-31.00) | .09 |
| sTfR, µg/mL | 9.61 (6.03-11.70) | 7.91 (5.98-10.40) | 6.54 (5.51-7.93) | 7.44 (5.66-8.50) | <.01a |
| sTfR/log ferritin index | 6.73 (4.93-9.35) | 5.31 (4.16-7.57) | 3.64 (2.76-4.84) | 3.69 (2.84-4.55) | <.001a |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.00 (1.30-4.93) | 4.00 (1.60-11.00) | 2.65 (1.50-12.75) | 9.80 (1.83-27.25) | .06 |
| fCal, mg/kg | 740.00 (235.00-1268.00) | 1130.00 (360.00-2110.00) | 709.00 (255.00-2220.00) | 715.00 (183.75-2015.00) | .83 |
| ESR, mm/h | 15.00 (9.00-22.00) | 23.50 (8.75-40.00) | 17.50 (6.00-37.00) | 22.00 (6.75-48.00) | .48 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 7.45 (5.70-8.93) | 7.10 (5.40-9.10) | 8.00 (6.10-10.30) | 8.10 (6.40-10.83) | .38 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 5.15 (3.78-7.32) | 4.50 (3.52-7.57) | 5.15 (3.94-7.83) | 5.94 (4.31-7.81) | .58 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 307.00 (255.75-365.50) | 292.00 (260.00-358.00) | 329.00 (245.50-380.25) | 303.00 (241.00-388.00) | .94 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 102.00 (91.00-120.25) | 111.00 (92.00-119.00) | 102.00 (80.00-117.75) | 98.00 (86.00-115.75) | .45 |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.00 (39.50-43.00) | 42.00 (39.00-43.00) | 41.00 (40.00-42.25) | 40.50 (39.00-44.25) | 1.00 |
| LDH, U/L | 173.00 (143.50—203.50) | 157.00 (135.00-222.50) | 170.50 (140.50-213.75) | 175.50 (149.75-205.25) | .84 |
| cFGF-23, pmol/L | 1.33 (0.81-2.89) | 0.74 (0.41-1.59) | 0.56 (0.26-0.93) | 0.99 (0.73-1.32) | <.01a |
| iFGF-23, pg/mL | 10.12 ± 4.95 | 9.33 (7.13-13.14) | 9.80 (7.30-11.61) | 11.96 (6.38-16.75) | .62 |
| c/iFGF-23 ratio | 0.14 (0.05-0.28) | 0.10 (0.05-0.16) | 0.06 (0.03-0.10) | 0.07 (0.05-0.13) | .02 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.87-1.44) | 1.12 (0.63-1.27) | 0.90 (0.06-1.23) | 1.14 (0.28-1.35) | .29 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.15 (0.94-3.79) | 1.93 (0.96-3.44) | 2.46 (0.92-3.75) | 2.78 (1.25-5.22) | .65 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 1.43 (0.67-1.59) | 1.07 (0.50-1.56) | 0.59 (0.48-1.36) | 1.23 (0.39-1.59) | .15 |
| IL-22, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.67-1.43) | 1.21 (0.71-2.42) | 1.07 (0.84-2.75) | 1.24 (0.87-2.89) | .77 |
| IL-23, pg/mL | 7.67 (1.23-9.34) | 6.76 (3.38-7.56) | 6.58 (0.57-7.86) | 6.57 (0.87-7.84) | .53 |
| TNFα, pg/mL | 2.21 (1.56-2.95) | 2.07 (1.53-2.58) | 2.07 (1.62-3.11) | 1.93 (1.46-3.20) | .81 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 18.19 (11.98-31.11) | 10.87 (5.77-30.04) | 15.00 (7.88-29.73) | 25.02 (12.33-54.24) | .15 |
| EPO, pg/mL | 84.63 (51.37-150.11) | 100.77 (70.49-148.64) | 73.83 (45.19-89.33) | 78.06 (50.87-122.70) | .11 |
| MIP-3α, pg/mL | 21.66 (12.79-34.04) | 16.70 (10.65-29.77) | 20.92 (10.66-38.87) | 19.51 (12.32-25.39) | .73 |
| VEGF-A, pg/mL | 153.20 (84.98-274.10) | 86.06 (56.22-120.09) | 120.56 (88.17-193.08) | 158.35 (83.65-295.05) | .02 |
| R-SH, µM | 220.18 (185.39-267.94) | 231.28 (191.31-246.91) | 237.23 (206.07-275.56) | 257.84 (208.25-279.35) | .48 |
| . | Hepcidin Quartile 1 (n = 30) . | Hepcidin Quartile 2 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 3 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 4 (n = 30) . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 10 (32.3%) | 14 (48.3%) | .54 |
| Iron deficiency | 30 (100%) | 29 (93.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | <.001a |
| IDA | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | .06 |
| ACD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26.7%) | <.001a |
| Age, y | 40.80 (27.62-49.45) | 38.71 (25.95-55.00) | 42.00 (28.00-50.00) | 46.00 (31.89-59.89) | .53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.34 (22.71-28.31) | 24.00 (21.75-31.50) | 26.64 (22.20-30.10) | 25.00 (21.46-29.79) | .82 |
| Disease duration, y | 7.43 (4.30-11.81) | 9.61 (3.69-17.41) | 9.96 (3.85-18.70) | 8.96 (5.44-16.41) | .69 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.15 (7.50-8.85) | 7.80 (7.30-8.40) | 8.10 (7.50-8.90) | 8.10 (7.65-8.45) | .71 |
| MCV, fL | 87.25 (84.40-92.08) | 91.50 (87.60-94.20) | 91.65 (86.88-94.00) | 90.50 (84.95-93.55) | .15 |
| Iron, µmol/L | 11.15 (8.23-14.43) | 14.00 (10.00-21.00) | 12.75 (8.88-18.33) | 11.95 (8.00-16.75) | .36 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 22.50 (15.00-31.75) | 33.00 (21.00-46.00) | 61.00 (40.00-85.00) | 113.00 (74.25-176.00) | <.001a |
| TIBC, µmol/L | 71.00 (61.00-85.50) | 61.00 (57.00-66.00) | 63.50 (56.00-70.00) | 54.50 (47.75-59.00) | <.001a |
| Transferrin, g/L | 2.80 (2.40-3.43) | 2.40 (2.28-2.60) | 2.50 (2.20-2.83) | 2.20 (1.90-2.40) | <.001a |
| TSAT, % | 16.00 (11.00-20.75) | 24.00 (13.00-33.00) | 19.00 (12.00-28.50) | 21.00 (14.75-31.00) | .09 |
| sTfR, µg/mL | 9.61 (6.03-11.70) | 7.91 (5.98-10.40) | 6.54 (5.51-7.93) | 7.44 (5.66-8.50) | <.01a |
| sTfR/log ferritin index | 6.73 (4.93-9.35) | 5.31 (4.16-7.57) | 3.64 (2.76-4.84) | 3.69 (2.84-4.55) | <.001a |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.00 (1.30-4.93) | 4.00 (1.60-11.00) | 2.65 (1.50-12.75) | 9.80 (1.83-27.25) | .06 |
| fCal, mg/kg | 740.00 (235.00-1268.00) | 1130.00 (360.00-2110.00) | 709.00 (255.00-2220.00) | 715.00 (183.75-2015.00) | .83 |
| ESR, mm/h | 15.00 (9.00-22.00) | 23.50 (8.75-40.00) | 17.50 (6.00-37.00) | 22.00 (6.75-48.00) | .48 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 7.45 (5.70-8.93) | 7.10 (5.40-9.10) | 8.00 (6.10-10.30) | 8.10 (6.40-10.83) | .38 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 5.15 (3.78-7.32) | 4.50 (3.52-7.57) | 5.15 (3.94-7.83) | 5.94 (4.31-7.81) | .58 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 307.00 (255.75-365.50) | 292.00 (260.00-358.00) | 329.00 (245.50-380.25) | 303.00 (241.00-388.00) | .94 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 102.00 (91.00-120.25) | 111.00 (92.00-119.00) | 102.00 (80.00-117.75) | 98.00 (86.00-115.75) | .45 |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.00 (39.50-43.00) | 42.00 (39.00-43.00) | 41.00 (40.00-42.25) | 40.50 (39.00-44.25) | 1.00 |
| LDH, U/L | 173.00 (143.50—203.50) | 157.00 (135.00-222.50) | 170.50 (140.50-213.75) | 175.50 (149.75-205.25) | .84 |
| cFGF-23, pmol/L | 1.33 (0.81-2.89) | 0.74 (0.41-1.59) | 0.56 (0.26-0.93) | 0.99 (0.73-1.32) | <.01a |
| iFGF-23, pg/mL | 10.12 ± 4.95 | 9.33 (7.13-13.14) | 9.80 (7.30-11.61) | 11.96 (6.38-16.75) | .62 |
| c/iFGF-23 ratio | 0.14 (0.05-0.28) | 0.10 (0.05-0.16) | 0.06 (0.03-0.10) | 0.07 (0.05-0.13) | .02 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.87-1.44) | 1.12 (0.63-1.27) | 0.90 (0.06-1.23) | 1.14 (0.28-1.35) | .29 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.15 (0.94-3.79) | 1.93 (0.96-3.44) | 2.46 (0.92-3.75) | 2.78 (1.25-5.22) | .65 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 1.43 (0.67-1.59) | 1.07 (0.50-1.56) | 0.59 (0.48-1.36) | 1.23 (0.39-1.59) | .15 |
| IL-22, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.67-1.43) | 1.21 (0.71-2.42) | 1.07 (0.84-2.75) | 1.24 (0.87-2.89) | .77 |
| IL-23, pg/mL | 7.67 (1.23-9.34) | 6.76 (3.38-7.56) | 6.58 (0.57-7.86) | 6.57 (0.87-7.84) | .53 |
| TNFα, pg/mL | 2.21 (1.56-2.95) | 2.07 (1.53-2.58) | 2.07 (1.62-3.11) | 1.93 (1.46-3.20) | .81 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 18.19 (11.98-31.11) | 10.87 (5.77-30.04) | 15.00 (7.88-29.73) | 25.02 (12.33-54.24) | .15 |
| EPO, pg/mL | 84.63 (51.37-150.11) | 100.77 (70.49-148.64) | 73.83 (45.19-89.33) | 78.06 (50.87-122.70) | .11 |
| MIP-3α, pg/mL | 21.66 (12.79-34.04) | 16.70 (10.65-29.77) | 20.92 (10.66-38.87) | 19.51 (12.32-25.39) | .73 |
| VEGF-A, pg/mL | 153.20 (84.98-274.10) | 86.06 (56.22-120.09) | 120.56 (88.17-193.08) | 158.35 (83.65-295.05) | .02 |
| R-SH, µM | 220.18 (185.39-267.94) | 231.28 (191.31-246.91) | 237.23 (206.07-275.56) | 257.84 (208.25-279.35) | .48 |
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). Hepcidin quartile 1 includes hepcidin levels under 4853.325 pg/mL, quartile 2 includes hepcidin levels between 4853.325 and 13 519.515 pg/mL, quartile 3 includes values between 13 519.5151 and 28 718.1825 pg/mL, and quartile 4 includes hepcidin values >28 718.1825 pg/mL. Two-tailed P values <.05 were considered statistically significant; the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust for multiple testing, adopting a 5% false discovery rate.
Abbreviations: ACD, anemia of chronic disease; cFGF-23, c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPO, erythropoietin; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; fCal, fecal calprotectin; IDA, iron deficiency anemia; iFGF-23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; IFN-y, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; TSAT, transferrin saturation; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A; WBC, white blood cell count;
aStatistical significance after adjustment for multiple testing.
Differences in the biochemical profile of patients with inflammatory bowel disease stratified by baseline hepcidin levels, divided into 4 quartiles
| . | Hepcidin Quartile 1 (n = 30) . | Hepcidin Quartile 2 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 3 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 4 (n = 30) . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 10 (32.3%) | 14 (48.3%) | .54 |
| Iron deficiency | 30 (100%) | 29 (93.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | <.001a |
| IDA | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | .06 |
| ACD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26.7%) | <.001a |
| Age, y | 40.80 (27.62-49.45) | 38.71 (25.95-55.00) | 42.00 (28.00-50.00) | 46.00 (31.89-59.89) | .53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.34 (22.71-28.31) | 24.00 (21.75-31.50) | 26.64 (22.20-30.10) | 25.00 (21.46-29.79) | .82 |
| Disease duration, y | 7.43 (4.30-11.81) | 9.61 (3.69-17.41) | 9.96 (3.85-18.70) | 8.96 (5.44-16.41) | .69 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.15 (7.50-8.85) | 7.80 (7.30-8.40) | 8.10 (7.50-8.90) | 8.10 (7.65-8.45) | .71 |
| MCV, fL | 87.25 (84.40-92.08) | 91.50 (87.60-94.20) | 91.65 (86.88-94.00) | 90.50 (84.95-93.55) | .15 |
| Iron, µmol/L | 11.15 (8.23-14.43) | 14.00 (10.00-21.00) | 12.75 (8.88-18.33) | 11.95 (8.00-16.75) | .36 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 22.50 (15.00-31.75) | 33.00 (21.00-46.00) | 61.00 (40.00-85.00) | 113.00 (74.25-176.00) | <.001a |
| TIBC, µmol/L | 71.00 (61.00-85.50) | 61.00 (57.00-66.00) | 63.50 (56.00-70.00) | 54.50 (47.75-59.00) | <.001a |
| Transferrin, g/L | 2.80 (2.40-3.43) | 2.40 (2.28-2.60) | 2.50 (2.20-2.83) | 2.20 (1.90-2.40) | <.001a |
| TSAT, % | 16.00 (11.00-20.75) | 24.00 (13.00-33.00) | 19.00 (12.00-28.50) | 21.00 (14.75-31.00) | .09 |
| sTfR, µg/mL | 9.61 (6.03-11.70) | 7.91 (5.98-10.40) | 6.54 (5.51-7.93) | 7.44 (5.66-8.50) | <.01a |
| sTfR/log ferritin index | 6.73 (4.93-9.35) | 5.31 (4.16-7.57) | 3.64 (2.76-4.84) | 3.69 (2.84-4.55) | <.001a |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.00 (1.30-4.93) | 4.00 (1.60-11.00) | 2.65 (1.50-12.75) | 9.80 (1.83-27.25) | .06 |
| fCal, mg/kg | 740.00 (235.00-1268.00) | 1130.00 (360.00-2110.00) | 709.00 (255.00-2220.00) | 715.00 (183.75-2015.00) | .83 |
| ESR, mm/h | 15.00 (9.00-22.00) | 23.50 (8.75-40.00) | 17.50 (6.00-37.00) | 22.00 (6.75-48.00) | .48 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 7.45 (5.70-8.93) | 7.10 (5.40-9.10) | 8.00 (6.10-10.30) | 8.10 (6.40-10.83) | .38 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 5.15 (3.78-7.32) | 4.50 (3.52-7.57) | 5.15 (3.94-7.83) | 5.94 (4.31-7.81) | .58 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 307.00 (255.75-365.50) | 292.00 (260.00-358.00) | 329.00 (245.50-380.25) | 303.00 (241.00-388.00) | .94 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 102.00 (91.00-120.25) | 111.00 (92.00-119.00) | 102.00 (80.00-117.75) | 98.00 (86.00-115.75) | .45 |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.00 (39.50-43.00) | 42.00 (39.00-43.00) | 41.00 (40.00-42.25) | 40.50 (39.00-44.25) | 1.00 |
| LDH, U/L | 173.00 (143.50—203.50) | 157.00 (135.00-222.50) | 170.50 (140.50-213.75) | 175.50 (149.75-205.25) | .84 |
| cFGF-23, pmol/L | 1.33 (0.81-2.89) | 0.74 (0.41-1.59) | 0.56 (0.26-0.93) | 0.99 (0.73-1.32) | <.01a |
| iFGF-23, pg/mL | 10.12 ± 4.95 | 9.33 (7.13-13.14) | 9.80 (7.30-11.61) | 11.96 (6.38-16.75) | .62 |
| c/iFGF-23 ratio | 0.14 (0.05-0.28) | 0.10 (0.05-0.16) | 0.06 (0.03-0.10) | 0.07 (0.05-0.13) | .02 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.87-1.44) | 1.12 (0.63-1.27) | 0.90 (0.06-1.23) | 1.14 (0.28-1.35) | .29 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.15 (0.94-3.79) | 1.93 (0.96-3.44) | 2.46 (0.92-3.75) | 2.78 (1.25-5.22) | .65 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 1.43 (0.67-1.59) | 1.07 (0.50-1.56) | 0.59 (0.48-1.36) | 1.23 (0.39-1.59) | .15 |
| IL-22, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.67-1.43) | 1.21 (0.71-2.42) | 1.07 (0.84-2.75) | 1.24 (0.87-2.89) | .77 |
| IL-23, pg/mL | 7.67 (1.23-9.34) | 6.76 (3.38-7.56) | 6.58 (0.57-7.86) | 6.57 (0.87-7.84) | .53 |
| TNFα, pg/mL | 2.21 (1.56-2.95) | 2.07 (1.53-2.58) | 2.07 (1.62-3.11) | 1.93 (1.46-3.20) | .81 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 18.19 (11.98-31.11) | 10.87 (5.77-30.04) | 15.00 (7.88-29.73) | 25.02 (12.33-54.24) | .15 |
| EPO, pg/mL | 84.63 (51.37-150.11) | 100.77 (70.49-148.64) | 73.83 (45.19-89.33) | 78.06 (50.87-122.70) | .11 |
| MIP-3α, pg/mL | 21.66 (12.79-34.04) | 16.70 (10.65-29.77) | 20.92 (10.66-38.87) | 19.51 (12.32-25.39) | .73 |
| VEGF-A, pg/mL | 153.20 (84.98-274.10) | 86.06 (56.22-120.09) | 120.56 (88.17-193.08) | 158.35 (83.65-295.05) | .02 |
| R-SH, µM | 220.18 (185.39-267.94) | 231.28 (191.31-246.91) | 237.23 (206.07-275.56) | 257.84 (208.25-279.35) | .48 |
| . | Hepcidin Quartile 1 (n = 30) . | Hepcidin Quartile 2 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 3 (n = 31) . | Hepcidin Quartile 4 (n = 30) . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 10 (32.3%) | 14 (48.3%) | .54 |
| Iron deficiency | 30 (100%) | 29 (93.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | <.001a |
| IDA | 13 (43.3%) | 14 (45.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | .06 |
| ACD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26.7%) | <.001a |
| Age, y | 40.80 (27.62-49.45) | 38.71 (25.95-55.00) | 42.00 (28.00-50.00) | 46.00 (31.89-59.89) | .53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.34 (22.71-28.31) | 24.00 (21.75-31.50) | 26.64 (22.20-30.10) | 25.00 (21.46-29.79) | .82 |
| Disease duration, y | 7.43 (4.30-11.81) | 9.61 (3.69-17.41) | 9.96 (3.85-18.70) | 8.96 (5.44-16.41) | .69 |
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.15 (7.50-8.85) | 7.80 (7.30-8.40) | 8.10 (7.50-8.90) | 8.10 (7.65-8.45) | .71 |
| MCV, fL | 87.25 (84.40-92.08) | 91.50 (87.60-94.20) | 91.65 (86.88-94.00) | 90.50 (84.95-93.55) | .15 |
| Iron, µmol/L | 11.15 (8.23-14.43) | 14.00 (10.00-21.00) | 12.75 (8.88-18.33) | 11.95 (8.00-16.75) | .36 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 22.50 (15.00-31.75) | 33.00 (21.00-46.00) | 61.00 (40.00-85.00) | 113.00 (74.25-176.00) | <.001a |
| TIBC, µmol/L | 71.00 (61.00-85.50) | 61.00 (57.00-66.00) | 63.50 (56.00-70.00) | 54.50 (47.75-59.00) | <.001a |
| Transferrin, g/L | 2.80 (2.40-3.43) | 2.40 (2.28-2.60) | 2.50 (2.20-2.83) | 2.20 (1.90-2.40) | <.001a |
| TSAT, % | 16.00 (11.00-20.75) | 24.00 (13.00-33.00) | 19.00 (12.00-28.50) | 21.00 (14.75-31.00) | .09 |
| sTfR, µg/mL | 9.61 (6.03-11.70) | 7.91 (5.98-10.40) | 6.54 (5.51-7.93) | 7.44 (5.66-8.50) | <.01a |
| sTfR/log ferritin index | 6.73 (4.93-9.35) | 5.31 (4.16-7.57) | 3.64 (2.76-4.84) | 3.69 (2.84-4.55) | <.001a |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.00 (1.30-4.93) | 4.00 (1.60-11.00) | 2.65 (1.50-12.75) | 9.80 (1.83-27.25) | .06 |
| fCal, mg/kg | 740.00 (235.00-1268.00) | 1130.00 (360.00-2110.00) | 709.00 (255.00-2220.00) | 715.00 (183.75-2015.00) | .83 |
| ESR, mm/h | 15.00 (9.00-22.00) | 23.50 (8.75-40.00) | 17.50 (6.00-37.00) | 22.00 (6.75-48.00) | .48 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 7.45 (5.70-8.93) | 7.10 (5.40-9.10) | 8.00 (6.10-10.30) | 8.10 (6.40-10.83) | .38 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 5.15 (3.78-7.32) | 4.50 (3.52-7.57) | 5.15 (3.94-7.83) | 5.94 (4.31-7.81) | .58 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 307.00 (255.75-365.50) | 292.00 (260.00-358.00) | 329.00 (245.50-380.25) | 303.00 (241.00-388.00) | .94 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 102.00 (91.00-120.25) | 111.00 (92.00-119.00) | 102.00 (80.00-117.75) | 98.00 (86.00-115.75) | .45 |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.00 (39.50-43.00) | 42.00 (39.00-43.00) | 41.00 (40.00-42.25) | 40.50 (39.00-44.25) | 1.00 |
| LDH, U/L | 173.00 (143.50—203.50) | 157.00 (135.00-222.50) | 170.50 (140.50-213.75) | 175.50 (149.75-205.25) | .84 |
| cFGF-23, pmol/L | 1.33 (0.81-2.89) | 0.74 (0.41-1.59) | 0.56 (0.26-0.93) | 0.99 (0.73-1.32) | <.01a |
| iFGF-23, pg/mL | 10.12 ± 4.95 | 9.33 (7.13-13.14) | 9.80 (7.30-11.61) | 11.96 (6.38-16.75) | .62 |
| c/iFGF-23 ratio | 0.14 (0.05-0.28) | 0.10 (0.05-0.16) | 0.06 (0.03-0.10) | 0.07 (0.05-0.13) | .02 |
| IL-1β, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.87-1.44) | 1.12 (0.63-1.27) | 0.90 (0.06-1.23) | 1.14 (0.28-1.35) | .29 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.15 (0.94-3.79) | 1.93 (0.96-3.44) | 2.46 (0.92-3.75) | 2.78 (1.25-5.22) | .65 |
| IL-10, pg/mL | 1.43 (0.67-1.59) | 1.07 (0.50-1.56) | 0.59 (0.48-1.36) | 1.23 (0.39-1.59) | .15 |
| IL-22, pg/mL | 1.17 (0.67-1.43) | 1.21 (0.71-2.42) | 1.07 (0.84-2.75) | 1.24 (0.87-2.89) | .77 |
| IL-23, pg/mL | 7.67 (1.23-9.34) | 6.76 (3.38-7.56) | 6.58 (0.57-7.86) | 6.57 (0.87-7.84) | .53 |
| TNFα, pg/mL | 2.21 (1.56-2.95) | 2.07 (1.53-2.58) | 2.07 (1.62-3.11) | 1.93 (1.46-3.20) | .81 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | 18.19 (11.98-31.11) | 10.87 (5.77-30.04) | 15.00 (7.88-29.73) | 25.02 (12.33-54.24) | .15 |
| EPO, pg/mL | 84.63 (51.37-150.11) | 100.77 (70.49-148.64) | 73.83 (45.19-89.33) | 78.06 (50.87-122.70) | .11 |
| MIP-3α, pg/mL | 21.66 (12.79-34.04) | 16.70 (10.65-29.77) | 20.92 (10.66-38.87) | 19.51 (12.32-25.39) | .73 |
| VEGF-A, pg/mL | 153.20 (84.98-274.10) | 86.06 (56.22-120.09) | 120.56 (88.17-193.08) | 158.35 (83.65-295.05) | .02 |
| R-SH, µM | 220.18 (185.39-267.94) | 231.28 (191.31-246.91) | 237.23 (206.07-275.56) | 257.84 (208.25-279.35) | .48 |
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). Hepcidin quartile 1 includes hepcidin levels under 4853.325 pg/mL, quartile 2 includes hepcidin levels between 4853.325 and 13 519.515 pg/mL, quartile 3 includes values between 13 519.5151 and 28 718.1825 pg/mL, and quartile 4 includes hepcidin values >28 718.1825 pg/mL. Two-tailed P values <.05 were considered statistically significant; the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust for multiple testing, adopting a 5% false discovery rate.
Abbreviations: ACD, anemia of chronic disease; cFGF-23, c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPO, erythropoietin; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; fCal, fecal calprotectin; IDA, iron deficiency anemia; iFGF-23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; IFN-y, interferon γ; IL, interleukin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; TIBC, total iron-binding capacity; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; TSAT, transferrin saturation; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A; WBC, white blood cell count;
aStatistical significance after adjustment for multiple testing.
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