Baseline Characteristics, Clinical Data, and Outcomes of 203 Septic Patients: Brazil, 2018–2020
| Baseline Characteristic . | Overall N = 203 (%) . | Received Polymyxin n = 140 (%) . | Did Not Receive Polymyxin n = 63 (%) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (IQR), y | 52.3 (17–93) | 53 (17–92) | 55 (21–93) | .6 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 153 (75) | 105 (75) | 49 (78) | .6 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (IQR) | 3 (0–11) | 3 (0–11) | 2 (0–10) | .5 |
| Previous hospitalization,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 11 (17) | .05 |
| Previous surgery,a n (%) | 130 (64) | 96 (68) | 34 (54) | .05 |
| Previous immunosuppression,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 10 (16) | .04 |
| Previous use of antibiotics,a n (%) | 187 (92) | 131 (93) | 54 (86) | .08 |
| Current antibiotic use, n (%) | 119 (59) | … | … | |
| Previous hospital stay, mean (IQR), d | 5 (0–240) | … | … | |
| Suspected sepsis treatment in the intensive care unit, n (%) | 189 (93) | 134 (96) | 57 (90) | .03 |
| Clinical characteristics on the day of suspected sepsis | ||||
| Temperature ≥38°C or ≤36°C, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Heart rate ≥90 bpm, n (%) | 180 (89) | … | … | |
| Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure ≤65 mm Hg, n (%) | 154 (76) | … | … | |
| Respiratory rate ≥20 bpm, n (%) | 132 (65) | … | … | |
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Altered mental status (Glasgow coma scale <14), n (%) | 102 (50) | … | … | |
| Leukocytes ≥12 000/mm³ or ≤4000/mm³, n (%) | 148 (73) | … | … | |
| More than 10% of young neutrophil forms (band cell and/or neutrophilic metamyelocyte), n (%) | 44 (22) | … | … | |
| Platelets (×10³/mm³), mean (IQR) | 299 (1–4.510) | … | … | |
| Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 137 (68) | … | … | |
| Serum lactate >14 mg/dL, n (%) | 121 (60) | … | … | |
| SOFA score, mean (IQR) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–18) | .9 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Community-acquired, n (%) | 3 (1) | … | … | |
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 200 (99) | … | … | |
| Infection siteb | ||||
| Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 60 (30) | … | … | |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 52 (26) | … | … | |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | 25 (12) | … | … | |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 17 (8) | … | … | |
| Central nervous system infection (acute bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, ventriculitis), n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection, n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Febrile neutropenia, n (%) | 7 (3) | … | … | |
| Osteomyelitis, n (%) | 2 (1) | … | … | |
| Surgical site infection, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Tracheobronchitis, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Unknown source, n (%) | 10 (5) | … | … | |
| Patients with MDRO infection, n (%) | 70 (34) | 56 (40) | 7 (11) | .9 |
| MDRO isolated in clinical cultures, n | 78 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated in clinical cultures, n | 58 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, n | 25 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n | 21 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n | 10 | … | … | |
| Other carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, n | 2 | … | … | |
| No isolated microorganism, n (%) | 77 (38) | 77 (38) | … | - |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| 14-day crude mortality, n (%) | 60 (30) | 41 (29) | 42 (67) | .5 |
| In-hospital crude mortality, n (%) | 113 (56) | … | … | |
| Colonization or infection by MDROs after the resolution of the initial sepsis, n (%) | 109 (54) | 85 (61) | 25 (40) | .009 |
| Baseline Characteristic . | Overall N = 203 (%) . | Received Polymyxin n = 140 (%) . | Did Not Receive Polymyxin n = 63 (%) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (IQR), y | 52.3 (17–93) | 53 (17–92) | 55 (21–93) | .6 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 153 (75) | 105 (75) | 49 (78) | .6 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (IQR) | 3 (0–11) | 3 (0–11) | 2 (0–10) | .5 |
| Previous hospitalization,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 11 (17) | .05 |
| Previous surgery,a n (%) | 130 (64) | 96 (68) | 34 (54) | .05 |
| Previous immunosuppression,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 10 (16) | .04 |
| Previous use of antibiotics,a n (%) | 187 (92) | 131 (93) | 54 (86) | .08 |
| Current antibiotic use, n (%) | 119 (59) | … | … | |
| Previous hospital stay, mean (IQR), d | 5 (0–240) | … | … | |
| Suspected sepsis treatment in the intensive care unit, n (%) | 189 (93) | 134 (96) | 57 (90) | .03 |
| Clinical characteristics on the day of suspected sepsis | ||||
| Temperature ≥38°C or ≤36°C, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Heart rate ≥90 bpm, n (%) | 180 (89) | … | … | |
| Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure ≤65 mm Hg, n (%) | 154 (76) | … | … | |
| Respiratory rate ≥20 bpm, n (%) | 132 (65) | … | … | |
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Altered mental status (Glasgow coma scale <14), n (%) | 102 (50) | … | … | |
| Leukocytes ≥12 000/mm³ or ≤4000/mm³, n (%) | 148 (73) | … | … | |
| More than 10% of young neutrophil forms (band cell and/or neutrophilic metamyelocyte), n (%) | 44 (22) | … | … | |
| Platelets (×10³/mm³), mean (IQR) | 299 (1–4.510) | … | … | |
| Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 137 (68) | … | … | |
| Serum lactate >14 mg/dL, n (%) | 121 (60) | … | … | |
| SOFA score, mean (IQR) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–18) | .9 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Community-acquired, n (%) | 3 (1) | … | … | |
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 200 (99) | … | … | |
| Infection siteb | ||||
| Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 60 (30) | … | … | |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 52 (26) | … | … | |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | 25 (12) | … | … | |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 17 (8) | … | … | |
| Central nervous system infection (acute bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, ventriculitis), n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection, n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Febrile neutropenia, n (%) | 7 (3) | … | … | |
| Osteomyelitis, n (%) | 2 (1) | … | … | |
| Surgical site infection, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Tracheobronchitis, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Unknown source, n (%) | 10 (5) | … | … | |
| Patients with MDRO infection, n (%) | 70 (34) | 56 (40) | 7 (11) | .9 |
| MDRO isolated in clinical cultures, n | 78 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated in clinical cultures, n | 58 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, n | 25 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n | 21 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n | 10 | … | … | |
| Other carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, n | 2 | … | … | |
| No isolated microorganism, n (%) | 77 (38) | 77 (38) | … | - |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| 14-day crude mortality, n (%) | 60 (30) | 41 (29) | 42 (67) | .5 |
| In-hospital crude mortality, n (%) | 113 (56) | … | … | |
| Colonization or infection by MDROs after the resolution of the initial sepsis, n (%) | 109 (54) | 85 (61) | 25 (40) | .009 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment.
Previous hospitalization, previous surgery, previous immunosuppression, and previous use of antibiotics are those that occurred 90 days prior to the current hospital admission.
Infection sites are not mutually exclusive.
Baseline Characteristics, Clinical Data, and Outcomes of 203 Septic Patients: Brazil, 2018–2020
| Baseline Characteristic . | Overall N = 203 (%) . | Received Polymyxin n = 140 (%) . | Did Not Receive Polymyxin n = 63 (%) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (IQR), y | 52.3 (17–93) | 53 (17–92) | 55 (21–93) | .6 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 153 (75) | 105 (75) | 49 (78) | .6 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (IQR) | 3 (0–11) | 3 (0–11) | 2 (0–10) | .5 |
| Previous hospitalization,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 11 (17) | .05 |
| Previous surgery,a n (%) | 130 (64) | 96 (68) | 34 (54) | .05 |
| Previous immunosuppression,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 10 (16) | .04 |
| Previous use of antibiotics,a n (%) | 187 (92) | 131 (93) | 54 (86) | .08 |
| Current antibiotic use, n (%) | 119 (59) | … | … | |
| Previous hospital stay, mean (IQR), d | 5 (0–240) | … | … | |
| Suspected sepsis treatment in the intensive care unit, n (%) | 189 (93) | 134 (96) | 57 (90) | .03 |
| Clinical characteristics on the day of suspected sepsis | ||||
| Temperature ≥38°C or ≤36°C, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Heart rate ≥90 bpm, n (%) | 180 (89) | … | … | |
| Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure ≤65 mm Hg, n (%) | 154 (76) | … | … | |
| Respiratory rate ≥20 bpm, n (%) | 132 (65) | … | … | |
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Altered mental status (Glasgow coma scale <14), n (%) | 102 (50) | … | … | |
| Leukocytes ≥12 000/mm³ or ≤4000/mm³, n (%) | 148 (73) | … | … | |
| More than 10% of young neutrophil forms (band cell and/or neutrophilic metamyelocyte), n (%) | 44 (22) | … | … | |
| Platelets (×10³/mm³), mean (IQR) | 299 (1–4.510) | … | … | |
| Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 137 (68) | … | … | |
| Serum lactate >14 mg/dL, n (%) | 121 (60) | … | … | |
| SOFA score, mean (IQR) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–18) | .9 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Community-acquired, n (%) | 3 (1) | … | … | |
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 200 (99) | … | … | |
| Infection siteb | ||||
| Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 60 (30) | … | … | |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 52 (26) | … | … | |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | 25 (12) | … | … | |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 17 (8) | … | … | |
| Central nervous system infection (acute bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, ventriculitis), n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection, n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Febrile neutropenia, n (%) | 7 (3) | … | … | |
| Osteomyelitis, n (%) | 2 (1) | … | … | |
| Surgical site infection, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Tracheobronchitis, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Unknown source, n (%) | 10 (5) | … | … | |
| Patients with MDRO infection, n (%) | 70 (34) | 56 (40) | 7 (11) | .9 |
| MDRO isolated in clinical cultures, n | 78 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated in clinical cultures, n | 58 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, n | 25 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n | 21 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n | 10 | … | … | |
| Other carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, n | 2 | … | … | |
| No isolated microorganism, n (%) | 77 (38) | 77 (38) | … | - |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| 14-day crude mortality, n (%) | 60 (30) | 41 (29) | 42 (67) | .5 |
| In-hospital crude mortality, n (%) | 113 (56) | … | … | |
| Colonization or infection by MDROs after the resolution of the initial sepsis, n (%) | 109 (54) | 85 (61) | 25 (40) | .009 |
| Baseline Characteristic . | Overall N = 203 (%) . | Received Polymyxin n = 140 (%) . | Did Not Receive Polymyxin n = 63 (%) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (IQR), y | 52.3 (17–93) | 53 (17–92) | 55 (21–93) | .6 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 153 (75) | 105 (75) | 49 (78) | .6 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (IQR) | 3 (0–11) | 3 (0–11) | 2 (0–10) | .5 |
| Previous hospitalization,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 11 (17) | .05 |
| Previous surgery,a n (%) | 130 (64) | 96 (68) | 34 (54) | .05 |
| Previous immunosuppression,a n (%) | 51 (25) | 42 (30) | 10 (16) | .04 |
| Previous use of antibiotics,a n (%) | 187 (92) | 131 (93) | 54 (86) | .08 |
| Current antibiotic use, n (%) | 119 (59) | … | … | |
| Previous hospital stay, mean (IQR), d | 5 (0–240) | … | … | |
| Suspected sepsis treatment in the intensive care unit, n (%) | 189 (93) | 134 (96) | 57 (90) | .03 |
| Clinical characteristics on the day of suspected sepsis | ||||
| Temperature ≥38°C or ≤36°C, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Heart rate ≥90 bpm, n (%) | 180 (89) | … | … | |
| Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or mean arterial pressure ≤65 mm Hg, n (%) | 154 (76) | … | … | |
| Respiratory rate ≥20 bpm, n (%) | 132 (65) | … | … | |
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 168 (83) | … | … | |
| Altered mental status (Glasgow coma scale <14), n (%) | 102 (50) | … | … | |
| Leukocytes ≥12 000/mm³ or ≤4000/mm³, n (%) | 148 (73) | … | … | |
| More than 10% of young neutrophil forms (band cell and/or neutrophilic metamyelocyte), n (%) | 44 (22) | … | … | |
| Platelets (×10³/mm³), mean (IQR) | 299 (1–4.510) | … | … | |
| Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 137 (68) | … | … | |
| Serum lactate >14 mg/dL, n (%) | 121 (60) | … | … | |
| SOFA score, mean (IQR) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–21) | 9 (1–18) | .9 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Community-acquired, n (%) | 3 (1) | … | … | |
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 200 (99) | … | … | |
| Infection siteb | ||||
| Bloodstream infection, n (%) | 60 (30) | … | … | |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 52 (26) | … | … | |
| Abdominal infection, n (%) | 25 (12) | … | … | |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 17 (8) | … | … | |
| Central nervous system infection (acute bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, ventriculitis), n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection, n (%) | 14 (7) | … | … | |
| Febrile neutropenia, n (%) | 7 (3) | … | … | |
| Osteomyelitis, n (%) | 2 (1) | … | … | |
| Surgical site infection, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Tracheobronchitis, n (%) | 1 (0.50) | … | … | |
| Unknown source, n (%) | 10 (5) | … | … | |
| Patients with MDRO infection, n (%) | 70 (34) | 56 (40) | 7 (11) | .9 |
| MDRO isolated in clinical cultures, n | 78 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated in clinical cultures, n | 58 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, n | 25 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n | 21 | … | … | |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n | 10 | … | … | |
| Other carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, n | 2 | … | … | |
| No isolated microorganism, n (%) | 77 (38) | 77 (38) | … | - |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| 14-day crude mortality, n (%) | 60 (30) | 41 (29) | 42 (67) | .5 |
| In-hospital crude mortality, n (%) | 113 (56) | … | … | |
| Colonization or infection by MDROs after the resolution of the initial sepsis, n (%) | 109 (54) | 85 (61) | 25 (40) | .009 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment.
Previous hospitalization, previous surgery, previous immunosuppression, and previous use of antibiotics are those that occurred 90 days prior to the current hospital admission.
Infection sites are not mutually exclusive.
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