| Old Name . | Revised Name . | Year of Revision . | Clinical Significance . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive bacilli | ||||
| Clostridium difficile | Clostridioides difficile | 2016 | Antibiotic-associated colitis | 21 |
| Mycobacterium abscessus | Mycobacteroides abscessus | 2018 | Rapidly growing NTM. Most pathogenic pulmonary infections common in patients with cystic fibrosis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium chelonae | Mycobacteroides chelonae | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections, hematogenous disseminated disease, surgical wound infections, keratitis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | Mycolicibacterium fortuitum | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections due to trauma or direct inoculation, surgical wound infections, catheter-associated infections. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium triviale | Mycolicibacillus triviale | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; pathogenicity not well understood. Has been recovered from respiratory and peritoneal fluid specimens. | 27, 28 |
| Mycobacterium terrae | Mycolicibacter terrae | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; tenosynovitis and respiratory disease most common. | 29 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Cutibacterium acnes | 2016 | Normal microbiota of skin and mucosal surfaces. Associated with orthopedic infections involving hardware, endovascular devices, and cerebrospinal shunts. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium avidum | Cutibacterium avidum | 2016 | Normal microbiota of human skin. Can cause superficial or invasive infections, including device-associated infections. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | Cutibacterium granulosum | 2016 | Skin and soft tissue infections, catheter-associated infections, periprosthetic joint infections | 31, 32 |
| Gram-positive cocci | ||||
| Facklamia ignava | Falseniella ignava | 2021 | Bloodstream infection | 33 |
| Staphylococcus sciuri | Mammaliicoccus sciuri | 2021 | Skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis | 34–36 |
| Staphylococcus lentus | Mammaliicoccus lentus | 2021 | Abscesses, sinus infection | 34, 37 |
| Gram-negative bacilli | ||||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Klebsiella aerogenes | 2017 | Isolated from blood, urine, sputum, wounds. Treatment with third-generation cephalosporins can induce AmpC β-lactamase production. | 38 |
| Escherichia vulneris | Pseudescherichia vulneris | 2017 | wound, blood, and peritoneal infections. | 39–41 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-a | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp quasipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-b | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp similipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | Brucella anthropi | 2020 | Environmental opportunistic organisms. Isolated from blood, prosthetic valves, bone, joint, cerebrospinal fluid. | 10 |
| Old Name . | Revised Name . | Year of Revision . | Clinical Significance . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive bacilli | ||||
| Clostridium difficile | Clostridioides difficile | 2016 | Antibiotic-associated colitis | 21 |
| Mycobacterium abscessus | Mycobacteroides abscessus | 2018 | Rapidly growing NTM. Most pathogenic pulmonary infections common in patients with cystic fibrosis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium chelonae | Mycobacteroides chelonae | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections, hematogenous disseminated disease, surgical wound infections, keratitis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | Mycolicibacterium fortuitum | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections due to trauma or direct inoculation, surgical wound infections, catheter-associated infections. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium triviale | Mycolicibacillus triviale | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; pathogenicity not well understood. Has been recovered from respiratory and peritoneal fluid specimens. | 27, 28 |
| Mycobacterium terrae | Mycolicibacter terrae | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; tenosynovitis and respiratory disease most common. | 29 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Cutibacterium acnes | 2016 | Normal microbiota of skin and mucosal surfaces. Associated with orthopedic infections involving hardware, endovascular devices, and cerebrospinal shunts. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium avidum | Cutibacterium avidum | 2016 | Normal microbiota of human skin. Can cause superficial or invasive infections, including device-associated infections. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | Cutibacterium granulosum | 2016 | Skin and soft tissue infections, catheter-associated infections, periprosthetic joint infections | 31, 32 |
| Gram-positive cocci | ||||
| Facklamia ignava | Falseniella ignava | 2021 | Bloodstream infection | 33 |
| Staphylococcus sciuri | Mammaliicoccus sciuri | 2021 | Skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis | 34–36 |
| Staphylococcus lentus | Mammaliicoccus lentus | 2021 | Abscesses, sinus infection | 34, 37 |
| Gram-negative bacilli | ||||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Klebsiella aerogenes | 2017 | Isolated from blood, urine, sputum, wounds. Treatment with third-generation cephalosporins can induce AmpC β-lactamase production. | 38 |
| Escherichia vulneris | Pseudescherichia vulneris | 2017 | wound, blood, and peritoneal infections. | 39–41 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-a | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp quasipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-b | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp similipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | Brucella anthropi | 2020 | Environmental opportunistic organisms. Isolated from blood, prosthetic valves, bone, joint, cerebrospinal fluid. | 10 |
Abbreviations: NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria.
| Old Name . | Revised Name . | Year of Revision . | Clinical Significance . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive bacilli | ||||
| Clostridium difficile | Clostridioides difficile | 2016 | Antibiotic-associated colitis | 21 |
| Mycobacterium abscessus | Mycobacteroides abscessus | 2018 | Rapidly growing NTM. Most pathogenic pulmonary infections common in patients with cystic fibrosis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium chelonae | Mycobacteroides chelonae | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections, hematogenous disseminated disease, surgical wound infections, keratitis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | Mycolicibacterium fortuitum | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections due to trauma or direct inoculation, surgical wound infections, catheter-associated infections. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium triviale | Mycolicibacillus triviale | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; pathogenicity not well understood. Has been recovered from respiratory and peritoneal fluid specimens. | 27, 28 |
| Mycobacterium terrae | Mycolicibacter terrae | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; tenosynovitis and respiratory disease most common. | 29 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Cutibacterium acnes | 2016 | Normal microbiota of skin and mucosal surfaces. Associated with orthopedic infections involving hardware, endovascular devices, and cerebrospinal shunts. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium avidum | Cutibacterium avidum | 2016 | Normal microbiota of human skin. Can cause superficial or invasive infections, including device-associated infections. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | Cutibacterium granulosum | 2016 | Skin and soft tissue infections, catheter-associated infections, periprosthetic joint infections | 31, 32 |
| Gram-positive cocci | ||||
| Facklamia ignava | Falseniella ignava | 2021 | Bloodstream infection | 33 |
| Staphylococcus sciuri | Mammaliicoccus sciuri | 2021 | Skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis | 34–36 |
| Staphylococcus lentus | Mammaliicoccus lentus | 2021 | Abscesses, sinus infection | 34, 37 |
| Gram-negative bacilli | ||||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Klebsiella aerogenes | 2017 | Isolated from blood, urine, sputum, wounds. Treatment with third-generation cephalosporins can induce AmpC β-lactamase production. | 38 |
| Escherichia vulneris | Pseudescherichia vulneris | 2017 | wound, blood, and peritoneal infections. | 39–41 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-a | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp quasipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-b | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp similipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | Brucella anthropi | 2020 | Environmental opportunistic organisms. Isolated from blood, prosthetic valves, bone, joint, cerebrospinal fluid. | 10 |
| Old Name . | Revised Name . | Year of Revision . | Clinical Significance . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive bacilli | ||||
| Clostridium difficile | Clostridioides difficile | 2016 | Antibiotic-associated colitis | 21 |
| Mycobacterium abscessus | Mycobacteroides abscessus | 2018 | Rapidly growing NTM. Most pathogenic pulmonary infections common in patients with cystic fibrosis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium chelonae | Mycobacteroides chelonae | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections, hematogenous disseminated disease, surgical wound infections, keratitis. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium fortuitum | Mycolicibacterium fortuitum | 2018 | Rapid-growing NTM; community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections due to trauma or direct inoculation, surgical wound infections, catheter-associated infections. | 24–26 |
| Mycobacterium triviale | Mycolicibacillus triviale | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; pathogenicity not well understood. Has been recovered from respiratory and peritoneal fluid specimens. | 27, 28 |
| Mycobacterium terrae | Mycolicibacter terrae | 2018 | Slow-growing NTM; tenosynovitis and respiratory disease most common. | 29 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Cutibacterium acnes | 2016 | Normal microbiota of skin and mucosal surfaces. Associated with orthopedic infections involving hardware, endovascular devices, and cerebrospinal shunts. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium avidum | Cutibacterium avidum | 2016 | Normal microbiota of human skin. Can cause superficial or invasive infections, including device-associated infections. | 30 |
| Propionibacterium granulosum | Cutibacterium granulosum | 2016 | Skin and soft tissue infections, catheter-associated infections, periprosthetic joint infections | 31, 32 |
| Gram-positive cocci | ||||
| Facklamia ignava | Falseniella ignava | 2021 | Bloodstream infection | 33 |
| Staphylococcus sciuri | Mammaliicoccus sciuri | 2021 | Skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis | 34–36 |
| Staphylococcus lentus | Mammaliicoccus lentus | 2021 | Abscesses, sinus infection | 34, 37 |
| Gram-negative bacilli | ||||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Klebsiella aerogenes | 2017 | Isolated from blood, urine, sputum, wounds. Treatment with third-generation cephalosporins can induce AmpC β-lactamase production. | 38 |
| Escherichia vulneris | Pseudescherichia vulneris | 2017 | wound, blood, and peritoneal infections. | 39–41 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-a | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp quasipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae phylogroup KpII-b | Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp similipneumoniae | 2014 | Spectrum of infection similar to that caused by K pneumoniae. | 42 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | Brucella anthropi | 2020 | Environmental opportunistic organisms. Isolated from blood, prosthetic valves, bone, joint, cerebrospinal fluid. | 10 |
Abbreviations: NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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