| Study . | Participants N (%) . | Age at Baseline Mean (SD) . | High/Low Education N (%) . | Death N (%) . | Follow-up Years Mean (SD) . | Mortality Rate . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPIC-IT | ||||||
| Men | 607 (40) | 53.7 (6.7) | 231 (38)/376 (62) | 135 (22) | 14.9 (4.4) | 151.2 |
| Women | 917 (60) | 52.9 (7.6) | 255 (28)/662 (72) | 147 (16) | 15.3 (3.5) | 160.6 |
| ESTHER | ||||||
| Men | 870 (48) | 62.7 (6.6) | 129 (15)/741 (85) | 410 (47) | 12.4 (4.9) | 400.5 |
| Women | 944 (52) | 62.2 (6.7) | 53 (6)/891 (94) | 318 (34) | 13.8 (4.1) | 263.3 |
| KORA | ||||||
| Men | 840 (49) | 61.3 (8.9) | 210 (25)/627 (75) | 90 (11) | 8.4 (1.7) | 119.6 |
| Women | 882 (51) | 60.7 (8.8) | 127 (14)/755 (86) | 56 (6) | 8.7 (1.2) | 89.3 |
| MCCS | ||||||
| Men | 1719 (61) | 69.2 (7.8) | 619 (36)/1100 (64) | 756 (44) | 12.6 (5.9) | 248.9 |
| Women | 1093 (39) | 67.7 (8.7) | 314 (29)/779 (71) | 333 (30) | 13.9 (5.6) | 171.6 |
| MESA | ||||||
| Men | 612 (49) | 69.7 (9.3) | 528 (86)/84 (14) | 79 (13) | 6.4 (1.4) | 95.6 |
| Women | 648 (51) | 69.5 (9.4) | 546 (84)/102 (16) | 58 (9) | 6.5 (1.2) | 65.7 |
| NICOLA | ||||||
| Men | 963 (49) | 65.7 (9.4) | 460 (48)/503 (52) | 65 (7) | 4.9 (0.9) | 99.8 |
| Women | 1017 (51) | 63.5 (9.3) | 555 (55)/462 (45) | 31 (3) | 5.1 (0.7) | 52.0 |
| RS | ||||||
| Men | 622 (44) | 63.6 (8.1) | 418 (67)/205 (33) | 79 (13) | 5.9 (2.2) | 231.5 |
| Women | 798 (56) | 64.0 (8.0) | 314 (39)/484 (61) | 48 (6) | 5.8 (2.0) | 100.9 |
| TILDA | ||||||
| Men | 244 (50) | 61.9 (8.1) | 148 (61)/96 (39) | 24 (10) | 7.2 (2.0) | 145.3 |
| Women | 245 (50) | 62.1 (8.4) | 141 (58)/104 (42) | 11 (5) | 7.2 (1.9) | 68.2 |
| Study . | Participants N (%) . | Age at Baseline Mean (SD) . | High/Low Education N (%) . | Death N (%) . | Follow-up Years Mean (SD) . | Mortality Rate . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPIC-IT | ||||||
| Men | 607 (40) | 53.7 (6.7) | 231 (38)/376 (62) | 135 (22) | 14.9 (4.4) | 151.2 |
| Women | 917 (60) | 52.9 (7.6) | 255 (28)/662 (72) | 147 (16) | 15.3 (3.5) | 160.6 |
| ESTHER | ||||||
| Men | 870 (48) | 62.7 (6.6) | 129 (15)/741 (85) | 410 (47) | 12.4 (4.9) | 400.5 |
| Women | 944 (52) | 62.2 (6.7) | 53 (6)/891 (94) | 318 (34) | 13.8 (4.1) | 263.3 |
| KORA | ||||||
| Men | 840 (49) | 61.3 (8.9) | 210 (25)/627 (75) | 90 (11) | 8.4 (1.7) | 119.6 |
| Women | 882 (51) | 60.7 (8.8) | 127 (14)/755 (86) | 56 (6) | 8.7 (1.2) | 89.3 |
| MCCS | ||||||
| Men | 1719 (61) | 69.2 (7.8) | 619 (36)/1100 (64) | 756 (44) | 12.6 (5.9) | 248.9 |
| Women | 1093 (39) | 67.7 (8.7) | 314 (29)/779 (71) | 333 (30) | 13.9 (5.6) | 171.6 |
| MESA | ||||||
| Men | 612 (49) | 69.7 (9.3) | 528 (86)/84 (14) | 79 (13) | 6.4 (1.4) | 95.6 |
| Women | 648 (51) | 69.5 (9.4) | 546 (84)/102 (16) | 58 (9) | 6.5 (1.2) | 65.7 |
| NICOLA | ||||||
| Men | 963 (49) | 65.7 (9.4) | 460 (48)/503 (52) | 65 (7) | 4.9 (0.9) | 99.8 |
| Women | 1017 (51) | 63.5 (9.3) | 555 (55)/462 (45) | 31 (3) | 5.1 (0.7) | 52.0 |
| RS | ||||||
| Men | 622 (44) | 63.6 (8.1) | 418 (67)/205 (33) | 79 (13) | 5.9 (2.2) | 231.5 |
| Women | 798 (56) | 64.0 (8.0) | 314 (39)/484 (61) | 48 (6) | 5.8 (2.0) | 100.9 |
| TILDA | ||||||
| Men | 244 (50) | 61.9 (8.1) | 148 (61)/96 (39) | 24 (10) | 7.2 (2.0) | 145.3 |
| Women | 245 (50) | 62.1 (8.4) | 141 (58)/104 (42) | 11 (5) | 7.2 (1.9) | 68.2 |
Notes: For each cohort study, values for men and women are reported on top and bottom rows, respectively. Mean (standard deviation, SD) age at baseline and length of follow-up are reported in years. Mortality rates per 10 000 person-years are standardized using total person-years by 5-year strata of age at baseline. Characteristics are for participants with complete data on education and mortality.
EPIC-IT = European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy; ESTHER = Epidemiological investigations of the chances of preventing, recognizing early and optimally treating chronic diseases in an elderly population; KORA = Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region; MCCS = Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; NICOLA = Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing; RS = Rotterdam Study; TILDA = The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.
| Study . | Participants N (%) . | Age at Baseline Mean (SD) . | High/Low Education N (%) . | Death N (%) . | Follow-up Years Mean (SD) . | Mortality Rate . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPIC-IT | ||||||
| Men | 607 (40) | 53.7 (6.7) | 231 (38)/376 (62) | 135 (22) | 14.9 (4.4) | 151.2 |
| Women | 917 (60) | 52.9 (7.6) | 255 (28)/662 (72) | 147 (16) | 15.3 (3.5) | 160.6 |
| ESTHER | ||||||
| Men | 870 (48) | 62.7 (6.6) | 129 (15)/741 (85) | 410 (47) | 12.4 (4.9) | 400.5 |
| Women | 944 (52) | 62.2 (6.7) | 53 (6)/891 (94) | 318 (34) | 13.8 (4.1) | 263.3 |
| KORA | ||||||
| Men | 840 (49) | 61.3 (8.9) | 210 (25)/627 (75) | 90 (11) | 8.4 (1.7) | 119.6 |
| Women | 882 (51) | 60.7 (8.8) | 127 (14)/755 (86) | 56 (6) | 8.7 (1.2) | 89.3 |
| MCCS | ||||||
| Men | 1719 (61) | 69.2 (7.8) | 619 (36)/1100 (64) | 756 (44) | 12.6 (5.9) | 248.9 |
| Women | 1093 (39) | 67.7 (8.7) | 314 (29)/779 (71) | 333 (30) | 13.9 (5.6) | 171.6 |
| MESA | ||||||
| Men | 612 (49) | 69.7 (9.3) | 528 (86)/84 (14) | 79 (13) | 6.4 (1.4) | 95.6 |
| Women | 648 (51) | 69.5 (9.4) | 546 (84)/102 (16) | 58 (9) | 6.5 (1.2) | 65.7 |
| NICOLA | ||||||
| Men | 963 (49) | 65.7 (9.4) | 460 (48)/503 (52) | 65 (7) | 4.9 (0.9) | 99.8 |
| Women | 1017 (51) | 63.5 (9.3) | 555 (55)/462 (45) | 31 (3) | 5.1 (0.7) | 52.0 |
| RS | ||||||
| Men | 622 (44) | 63.6 (8.1) | 418 (67)/205 (33) | 79 (13) | 5.9 (2.2) | 231.5 |
| Women | 798 (56) | 64.0 (8.0) | 314 (39)/484 (61) | 48 (6) | 5.8 (2.0) | 100.9 |
| TILDA | ||||||
| Men | 244 (50) | 61.9 (8.1) | 148 (61)/96 (39) | 24 (10) | 7.2 (2.0) | 145.3 |
| Women | 245 (50) | 62.1 (8.4) | 141 (58)/104 (42) | 11 (5) | 7.2 (1.9) | 68.2 |
| Study . | Participants N (%) . | Age at Baseline Mean (SD) . | High/Low Education N (%) . | Death N (%) . | Follow-up Years Mean (SD) . | Mortality Rate . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPIC-IT | ||||||
| Men | 607 (40) | 53.7 (6.7) | 231 (38)/376 (62) | 135 (22) | 14.9 (4.4) | 151.2 |
| Women | 917 (60) | 52.9 (7.6) | 255 (28)/662 (72) | 147 (16) | 15.3 (3.5) | 160.6 |
| ESTHER | ||||||
| Men | 870 (48) | 62.7 (6.6) | 129 (15)/741 (85) | 410 (47) | 12.4 (4.9) | 400.5 |
| Women | 944 (52) | 62.2 (6.7) | 53 (6)/891 (94) | 318 (34) | 13.8 (4.1) | 263.3 |
| KORA | ||||||
| Men | 840 (49) | 61.3 (8.9) | 210 (25)/627 (75) | 90 (11) | 8.4 (1.7) | 119.6 |
| Women | 882 (51) | 60.7 (8.8) | 127 (14)/755 (86) | 56 (6) | 8.7 (1.2) | 89.3 |
| MCCS | ||||||
| Men | 1719 (61) | 69.2 (7.8) | 619 (36)/1100 (64) | 756 (44) | 12.6 (5.9) | 248.9 |
| Women | 1093 (39) | 67.7 (8.7) | 314 (29)/779 (71) | 333 (30) | 13.9 (5.6) | 171.6 |
| MESA | ||||||
| Men | 612 (49) | 69.7 (9.3) | 528 (86)/84 (14) | 79 (13) | 6.4 (1.4) | 95.6 |
| Women | 648 (51) | 69.5 (9.4) | 546 (84)/102 (16) | 58 (9) | 6.5 (1.2) | 65.7 |
| NICOLA | ||||||
| Men | 963 (49) | 65.7 (9.4) | 460 (48)/503 (52) | 65 (7) | 4.9 (0.9) | 99.8 |
| Women | 1017 (51) | 63.5 (9.3) | 555 (55)/462 (45) | 31 (3) | 5.1 (0.7) | 52.0 |
| RS | ||||||
| Men | 622 (44) | 63.6 (8.1) | 418 (67)/205 (33) | 79 (13) | 5.9 (2.2) | 231.5 |
| Women | 798 (56) | 64.0 (8.0) | 314 (39)/484 (61) | 48 (6) | 5.8 (2.0) | 100.9 |
| TILDA | ||||||
| Men | 244 (50) | 61.9 (8.1) | 148 (61)/96 (39) | 24 (10) | 7.2 (2.0) | 145.3 |
| Women | 245 (50) | 62.1 (8.4) | 141 (58)/104 (42) | 11 (5) | 7.2 (1.9) | 68.2 |
Notes: For each cohort study, values for men and women are reported on top and bottom rows, respectively. Mean (standard deviation, SD) age at baseline and length of follow-up are reported in years. Mortality rates per 10 000 person-years are standardized using total person-years by 5-year strata of age at baseline. Characteristics are for participants with complete data on education and mortality.
EPIC-IT = European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Italy; ESTHER = Epidemiological investigations of the chances of preventing, recognizing early and optimally treating chronic diseases in an elderly population; KORA = Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region; MCCS = Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; NICOLA = Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing; RS = Rotterdam Study; TILDA = The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.
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