| Variable . | First case (N = 1458) . | Second case (N = 1047) . | ASMD pre-match . | First case post-match (N = 800) . | Second case post-match (N = 800) . | ASMD post-match . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.6 (12.7) | 67.3 (12.5) | −0.05 | 67.2 (12.5) | 66.7 (12.6) | 0.04 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.4 (14.9) | 73,8 (15.6) | −0.02 | 73 (14.5) | 74.1 (15.7) | −0.07 |
| Gender male | 923 (63.3) | 686 (65.5) | −0.06 | 503 (62.9) | 527 (65.9) | −0.06 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.1 (11.6) | 53.7 (11.8) | 0.11 | 55.1 (11.5) | 54.3 (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 (0.70) | 1.14 (1.01) | −0.11 | 1.09 (0.80) | 1.12 (1.04) | −0.03 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.68 (0.39) | −0.11 | 0.65 (0.29) | 0.67 (0.39) | −0.06 |
| Preoperative haematocrit (%) | 40.2 (11.3) | 39.5 (9.3) | 0.07 | 40.3 (14.8) | 39.9 (10.1) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes on medication | 246 (17) | 187 (18) | −0.03 | 143 (18) | 137 (17) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 34 (2.3) | 24 (2.3) | 0.00 | 22 (2.8) | 14 (1.8) | 0.07 |
| Congestive heart failure | 102 (7.0) | 109 (10.4) | −0.12 | 59 (7.4) | 66 (8.3) | −0.03 |
| Active endocarditis | 30 (2.1) | 45 (4.3) | −0.13 | 25 (3.1) | 26 (3.3) | −0.01 |
| Previous CVA | 39 (2.7) | 53 (5.1) | −0.12 | 29 (3.6) | 32 (4.0) | −0.02 |
| Isolated CABG | 318 (21.8) | 352 (24.1) | −0.05 | 185 (23.1) | 188 (23.5) | −0.01 |
| Isolated aortic valve surgery | 328 (22.5) | 203 (19.4) | 0.08 | 163 (20.4) | 163 (20.4) | 0 |
| Isolated mitral valve surgery | 260 (17.8) | 200 (19.1) | −0.03 | 141 (17.6) | 166 (20.8) | −0.08 |
| Ascending aorta surgery | 106 (7.3) | 83 (7.9) | −0.02 | 67 (8.4) | 60 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| Combined surgery | 495 (34) | 375 (35.8) | −0.04 | 281 (35.1) | 274 (34.3) | 0.02 |
| Others | 63 (4.3) | 34 (3.2) | 0.06 | 31 (3.9) | 24 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Redo surgery | 95 (6.5) | 99 (9.5) | −0.11 | 62 (7.8) | 64 (8.0) | −0.01 |
| Non-elective surgery | 236 (16.2) | 290 (27.7) | −0.28 | 182 (22.8) | 176 (22) | 0.02 |
| EuroSCORE IIa | 3.4 (3.2) | 4.3 (4.8) | −0.22 | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.7 (3.6) | 0.03 |
| CPB time (min) | 85 (36) | 104 (54) | −0.41 | 93 (40) | 96 (45) | −0.07 |
| Aortic X-clamp time (min) | 63 (27) | 74 (36) | −0.35 | 68 (30) | 70 (33) | −0.06 |
| Nadir T on CPB (°C) | 33 (2.8) | 32.7 (2.2) | 0.12 | 33 (3.5) | 32.8 (2.1) | 0.07 |
| Surgeon | ||||||
| A (junior) | 67 (4.6) | 113 (10.8) | −0.23 | 64 (8.0) | 65 (8.1) | 0 |
| B (senior) | 84 (5.8) | 132 (12.6) | −0.24 | 80 (10) | 72 (9.0) | 0.03 |
| C (head of department)) | 492 (33.7) | 260 (24.8) | 0.21 | 240 (30) | 230 (28.7) | 0.03 |
| D (senior) | 30 (2.1) | 34 (3.2) | −0.07 | 23 (2.9) | 34 (4.3) | −0.07 |
| E (senior) | 13 (0.9) | 29 (2.8) | −0.14 | 11 (1.4) | 15 (1.9) | −0.04 |
| F (senior) | 72 (4.9) | 57 (5.4) | −0.02 | 44 (5.5) | 49 (6.1) | −0.03 |
| G (junior) | 38 (2.6) | 79 (7.5) | −0.22 | 37 (4.6) | 45 (5.6) | −0.04 |
| H (director) | 520 (36) | 209 (20) | 0.36 | 180 (22.5) | 194 (24.3) | −0.04 |
| I (senior) | 79 (5.4) | 103 (9.8) | −0.17 | 76 (9.5) | 66 (8.2) | 0.05 |
| J (senior) | 63 (4.3) | 31 (3.0) | 0.07 | 45 (5.6) | 30 (3.7) | 0.09 |
| Variable . | First case (N = 1458) . | Second case (N = 1047) . | ASMD pre-match . | First case post-match (N = 800) . | Second case post-match (N = 800) . | ASMD post-match . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.6 (12.7) | 67.3 (12.5) | −0.05 | 67.2 (12.5) | 66.7 (12.6) | 0.04 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.4 (14.9) | 73,8 (15.6) | −0.02 | 73 (14.5) | 74.1 (15.7) | −0.07 |
| Gender male | 923 (63.3) | 686 (65.5) | −0.06 | 503 (62.9) | 527 (65.9) | −0.06 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.1 (11.6) | 53.7 (11.8) | 0.11 | 55.1 (11.5) | 54.3 (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 (0.70) | 1.14 (1.01) | −0.11 | 1.09 (0.80) | 1.12 (1.04) | −0.03 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.68 (0.39) | −0.11 | 0.65 (0.29) | 0.67 (0.39) | −0.06 |
| Preoperative haematocrit (%) | 40.2 (11.3) | 39.5 (9.3) | 0.07 | 40.3 (14.8) | 39.9 (10.1) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes on medication | 246 (17) | 187 (18) | −0.03 | 143 (18) | 137 (17) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 34 (2.3) | 24 (2.3) | 0.00 | 22 (2.8) | 14 (1.8) | 0.07 |
| Congestive heart failure | 102 (7.0) | 109 (10.4) | −0.12 | 59 (7.4) | 66 (8.3) | −0.03 |
| Active endocarditis | 30 (2.1) | 45 (4.3) | −0.13 | 25 (3.1) | 26 (3.3) | −0.01 |
| Previous CVA | 39 (2.7) | 53 (5.1) | −0.12 | 29 (3.6) | 32 (4.0) | −0.02 |
| Isolated CABG | 318 (21.8) | 352 (24.1) | −0.05 | 185 (23.1) | 188 (23.5) | −0.01 |
| Isolated aortic valve surgery | 328 (22.5) | 203 (19.4) | 0.08 | 163 (20.4) | 163 (20.4) | 0 |
| Isolated mitral valve surgery | 260 (17.8) | 200 (19.1) | −0.03 | 141 (17.6) | 166 (20.8) | −0.08 |
| Ascending aorta surgery | 106 (7.3) | 83 (7.9) | −0.02 | 67 (8.4) | 60 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| Combined surgery | 495 (34) | 375 (35.8) | −0.04 | 281 (35.1) | 274 (34.3) | 0.02 |
| Others | 63 (4.3) | 34 (3.2) | 0.06 | 31 (3.9) | 24 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Redo surgery | 95 (6.5) | 99 (9.5) | −0.11 | 62 (7.8) | 64 (8.0) | −0.01 |
| Non-elective surgery | 236 (16.2) | 290 (27.7) | −0.28 | 182 (22.8) | 176 (22) | 0.02 |
| EuroSCORE IIa | 3.4 (3.2) | 4.3 (4.8) | −0.22 | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.7 (3.6) | 0.03 |
| CPB time (min) | 85 (36) | 104 (54) | −0.41 | 93 (40) | 96 (45) | −0.07 |
| Aortic X-clamp time (min) | 63 (27) | 74 (36) | −0.35 | 68 (30) | 70 (33) | −0.06 |
| Nadir T on CPB (°C) | 33 (2.8) | 32.7 (2.2) | 0.12 | 33 (3.5) | 32.8 (2.1) | 0.07 |
| Surgeon | ||||||
| A (junior) | 67 (4.6) | 113 (10.8) | −0.23 | 64 (8.0) | 65 (8.1) | 0 |
| B (senior) | 84 (5.8) | 132 (12.6) | −0.24 | 80 (10) | 72 (9.0) | 0.03 |
| C (head of department)) | 492 (33.7) | 260 (24.8) | 0.21 | 240 (30) | 230 (28.7) | 0.03 |
| D (senior) | 30 (2.1) | 34 (3.2) | −0.07 | 23 (2.9) | 34 (4.3) | −0.07 |
| E (senior) | 13 (0.9) | 29 (2.8) | −0.14 | 11 (1.4) | 15 (1.9) | −0.04 |
| F (senior) | 72 (4.9) | 57 (5.4) | −0.02 | 44 (5.5) | 49 (6.1) | −0.03 |
| G (junior) | 38 (2.6) | 79 (7.5) | −0.22 | 37 (4.6) | 45 (5.6) | −0.04 |
| H (director) | 520 (36) | 209 (20) | 0.36 | 180 (22.5) | 194 (24.3) | −0.04 |
| I (senior) | 79 (5.4) | 103 (9.8) | −0.17 | 76 (9.5) | 66 (8.2) | 0.05 |
| J (senior) | 63 (4.3) | 31 (3.0) | 0.07 | 45 (5.6) | 30 (3.7) | 0.09 |
Data are mean (standard deviation) or number (%).
Corrected for 30-day mortality.
ASMD: absolute standardized mean difference; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; T: temperature.
| Variable . | First case (N = 1458) . | Second case (N = 1047) . | ASMD pre-match . | First case post-match (N = 800) . | Second case post-match (N = 800) . | ASMD post-match . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.6 (12.7) | 67.3 (12.5) | −0.05 | 67.2 (12.5) | 66.7 (12.6) | 0.04 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.4 (14.9) | 73,8 (15.6) | −0.02 | 73 (14.5) | 74.1 (15.7) | −0.07 |
| Gender male | 923 (63.3) | 686 (65.5) | −0.06 | 503 (62.9) | 527 (65.9) | −0.06 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.1 (11.6) | 53.7 (11.8) | 0.11 | 55.1 (11.5) | 54.3 (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 (0.70) | 1.14 (1.01) | −0.11 | 1.09 (0.80) | 1.12 (1.04) | −0.03 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.68 (0.39) | −0.11 | 0.65 (0.29) | 0.67 (0.39) | −0.06 |
| Preoperative haematocrit (%) | 40.2 (11.3) | 39.5 (9.3) | 0.07 | 40.3 (14.8) | 39.9 (10.1) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes on medication | 246 (17) | 187 (18) | −0.03 | 143 (18) | 137 (17) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 34 (2.3) | 24 (2.3) | 0.00 | 22 (2.8) | 14 (1.8) | 0.07 |
| Congestive heart failure | 102 (7.0) | 109 (10.4) | −0.12 | 59 (7.4) | 66 (8.3) | −0.03 |
| Active endocarditis | 30 (2.1) | 45 (4.3) | −0.13 | 25 (3.1) | 26 (3.3) | −0.01 |
| Previous CVA | 39 (2.7) | 53 (5.1) | −0.12 | 29 (3.6) | 32 (4.0) | −0.02 |
| Isolated CABG | 318 (21.8) | 352 (24.1) | −0.05 | 185 (23.1) | 188 (23.5) | −0.01 |
| Isolated aortic valve surgery | 328 (22.5) | 203 (19.4) | 0.08 | 163 (20.4) | 163 (20.4) | 0 |
| Isolated mitral valve surgery | 260 (17.8) | 200 (19.1) | −0.03 | 141 (17.6) | 166 (20.8) | −0.08 |
| Ascending aorta surgery | 106 (7.3) | 83 (7.9) | −0.02 | 67 (8.4) | 60 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| Combined surgery | 495 (34) | 375 (35.8) | −0.04 | 281 (35.1) | 274 (34.3) | 0.02 |
| Others | 63 (4.3) | 34 (3.2) | 0.06 | 31 (3.9) | 24 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Redo surgery | 95 (6.5) | 99 (9.5) | −0.11 | 62 (7.8) | 64 (8.0) | −0.01 |
| Non-elective surgery | 236 (16.2) | 290 (27.7) | −0.28 | 182 (22.8) | 176 (22) | 0.02 |
| EuroSCORE IIa | 3.4 (3.2) | 4.3 (4.8) | −0.22 | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.7 (3.6) | 0.03 |
| CPB time (min) | 85 (36) | 104 (54) | −0.41 | 93 (40) | 96 (45) | −0.07 |
| Aortic X-clamp time (min) | 63 (27) | 74 (36) | −0.35 | 68 (30) | 70 (33) | −0.06 |
| Nadir T on CPB (°C) | 33 (2.8) | 32.7 (2.2) | 0.12 | 33 (3.5) | 32.8 (2.1) | 0.07 |
| Surgeon | ||||||
| A (junior) | 67 (4.6) | 113 (10.8) | −0.23 | 64 (8.0) | 65 (8.1) | 0 |
| B (senior) | 84 (5.8) | 132 (12.6) | −0.24 | 80 (10) | 72 (9.0) | 0.03 |
| C (head of department)) | 492 (33.7) | 260 (24.8) | 0.21 | 240 (30) | 230 (28.7) | 0.03 |
| D (senior) | 30 (2.1) | 34 (3.2) | −0.07 | 23 (2.9) | 34 (4.3) | −0.07 |
| E (senior) | 13 (0.9) | 29 (2.8) | −0.14 | 11 (1.4) | 15 (1.9) | −0.04 |
| F (senior) | 72 (4.9) | 57 (5.4) | −0.02 | 44 (5.5) | 49 (6.1) | −0.03 |
| G (junior) | 38 (2.6) | 79 (7.5) | −0.22 | 37 (4.6) | 45 (5.6) | −0.04 |
| H (director) | 520 (36) | 209 (20) | 0.36 | 180 (22.5) | 194 (24.3) | −0.04 |
| I (senior) | 79 (5.4) | 103 (9.8) | −0.17 | 76 (9.5) | 66 (8.2) | 0.05 |
| J (senior) | 63 (4.3) | 31 (3.0) | 0.07 | 45 (5.6) | 30 (3.7) | 0.09 |
| Variable . | First case (N = 1458) . | Second case (N = 1047) . | ASMD pre-match . | First case post-match (N = 800) . | Second case post-match (N = 800) . | ASMD post-match . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.6 (12.7) | 67.3 (12.5) | −0.05 | 67.2 (12.5) | 66.7 (12.6) | 0.04 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.4 (14.9) | 73,8 (15.6) | −0.02 | 73 (14.5) | 74.1 (15.7) | −0.07 |
| Gender male | 923 (63.3) | 686 (65.5) | −0.06 | 503 (62.9) | 527 (65.9) | −0.06 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55.1 (11.6) | 53.7 (11.8) | 0.11 | 55.1 (11.5) | 54.3 (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 (0.70) | 1.14 (1.01) | −0.11 | 1.09 (0.80) | 1.12 (1.04) | −0.03 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.64 (0.30) | 0.68 (0.39) | −0.11 | 0.65 (0.29) | 0.67 (0.39) | −0.06 |
| Preoperative haematocrit (%) | 40.2 (11.3) | 39.5 (9.3) | 0.07 | 40.3 (14.8) | 39.9 (10.1) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes on medication | 246 (17) | 187 (18) | −0.03 | 143 (18) | 137 (17) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 34 (2.3) | 24 (2.3) | 0.00 | 22 (2.8) | 14 (1.8) | 0.07 |
| Congestive heart failure | 102 (7.0) | 109 (10.4) | −0.12 | 59 (7.4) | 66 (8.3) | −0.03 |
| Active endocarditis | 30 (2.1) | 45 (4.3) | −0.13 | 25 (3.1) | 26 (3.3) | −0.01 |
| Previous CVA | 39 (2.7) | 53 (5.1) | −0.12 | 29 (3.6) | 32 (4.0) | −0.02 |
| Isolated CABG | 318 (21.8) | 352 (24.1) | −0.05 | 185 (23.1) | 188 (23.5) | −0.01 |
| Isolated aortic valve surgery | 328 (22.5) | 203 (19.4) | 0.08 | 163 (20.4) | 163 (20.4) | 0 |
| Isolated mitral valve surgery | 260 (17.8) | 200 (19.1) | −0.03 | 141 (17.6) | 166 (20.8) | −0.08 |
| Ascending aorta surgery | 106 (7.3) | 83 (7.9) | −0.02 | 67 (8.4) | 60 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| Combined surgery | 495 (34) | 375 (35.8) | −0.04 | 281 (35.1) | 274 (34.3) | 0.02 |
| Others | 63 (4.3) | 34 (3.2) | 0.06 | 31 (3.9) | 24 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Redo surgery | 95 (6.5) | 99 (9.5) | −0.11 | 62 (7.8) | 64 (8.0) | −0.01 |
| Non-elective surgery | 236 (16.2) | 290 (27.7) | −0.28 | 182 (22.8) | 176 (22) | 0.02 |
| EuroSCORE IIa | 3.4 (3.2) | 4.3 (4.8) | −0.22 | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.7 (3.6) | 0.03 |
| CPB time (min) | 85 (36) | 104 (54) | −0.41 | 93 (40) | 96 (45) | −0.07 |
| Aortic X-clamp time (min) | 63 (27) | 74 (36) | −0.35 | 68 (30) | 70 (33) | −0.06 |
| Nadir T on CPB (°C) | 33 (2.8) | 32.7 (2.2) | 0.12 | 33 (3.5) | 32.8 (2.1) | 0.07 |
| Surgeon | ||||||
| A (junior) | 67 (4.6) | 113 (10.8) | −0.23 | 64 (8.0) | 65 (8.1) | 0 |
| B (senior) | 84 (5.8) | 132 (12.6) | −0.24 | 80 (10) | 72 (9.0) | 0.03 |
| C (head of department)) | 492 (33.7) | 260 (24.8) | 0.21 | 240 (30) | 230 (28.7) | 0.03 |
| D (senior) | 30 (2.1) | 34 (3.2) | −0.07 | 23 (2.9) | 34 (4.3) | −0.07 |
| E (senior) | 13 (0.9) | 29 (2.8) | −0.14 | 11 (1.4) | 15 (1.9) | −0.04 |
| F (senior) | 72 (4.9) | 57 (5.4) | −0.02 | 44 (5.5) | 49 (6.1) | −0.03 |
| G (junior) | 38 (2.6) | 79 (7.5) | −0.22 | 37 (4.6) | 45 (5.6) | −0.04 |
| H (director) | 520 (36) | 209 (20) | 0.36 | 180 (22.5) | 194 (24.3) | −0.04 |
| I (senior) | 79 (5.4) | 103 (9.8) | −0.17 | 76 (9.5) | 66 (8.2) | 0.05 |
| J (senior) | 63 (4.3) | 31 (3.0) | 0.07 | 45 (5.6) | 30 (3.7) | 0.09 |
Data are mean (standard deviation) or number (%).
Corrected for 30-day mortality.
ASMD: absolute standardized mean difference; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; T: temperature.
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