Random-effect meta-analysis estimates of the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of suicide per 1 °C increase in temperature for different Köppen–Geiger climate zones in Australia
| Climate zones . | RR (95% CI) . | k . | I2, P-value . | N . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Af: Tropical rainforest | 1.020 (0.987-1.053) | 6 | 0.0%, P = 0.616 | 8360 |
| Am: Tropical monsoon | 1.162 (1.099-1.225) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.652 | 6511 |
| Aw: Tropical savanna (dry-winter) | 1.114 (1.005-1.223) | 11 | 33.9%, P = 0.127 | 12 010 |
| BSh: Hot semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (0.982-1.063) | 11 | 12.9%, P = 0.322 | 4862 |
| BSk: Cold semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (1.010-1.035) | 31 | 7.3%, P = 0.351 | 22 878 |
| BWh: Hot arid (desert) | 1.033 (1.008-1.058) | 4 | 0.0%, P = 0.893 | 5008 |
| BWk: Cold arid (desert) | 1.025 (0.971-1.078) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.638 | 1378 |
| Cfa: Humid subtropical | 1.027 (1.023-1.030) | 157 | 34.7%, P = 0.000 | 1 070 935 |
| Cfb: Oceanic | 1.052 (1.049-1.055) | 57 | 85.3%, P = 0.000 | 652 133 |
| Csa: Mediterranean hot summer | 1.038 (1.018-1.057) | 23 | 0.0%, P = 0.967 | 14 727 |
| Csb: Mediterranean warm/cool summer | 1.005 (0.981-1.030) | 14 | 0.0%, P = 0.503 | 5668 |
| Cwa: Dry-winter humid subtropical | 1.029 (1.009-1.048) | 8 | 46.2%, P = 0.072 | 27 892 |
| Climate zones . | RR (95% CI) . | k . | I2, P-value . | N . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Af: Tropical rainforest | 1.020 (0.987-1.053) | 6 | 0.0%, P = 0.616 | 8360 |
| Am: Tropical monsoon | 1.162 (1.099-1.225) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.652 | 6511 |
| Aw: Tropical savanna (dry-winter) | 1.114 (1.005-1.223) | 11 | 33.9%, P = 0.127 | 12 010 |
| BSh: Hot semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (0.982-1.063) | 11 | 12.9%, P = 0.322 | 4862 |
| BSk: Cold semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (1.010-1.035) | 31 | 7.3%, P = 0.351 | 22 878 |
| BWh: Hot arid (desert) | 1.033 (1.008-1.058) | 4 | 0.0%, P = 0.893 | 5008 |
| BWk: Cold arid (desert) | 1.025 (0.971-1.078) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.638 | 1378 |
| Cfa: Humid subtropical | 1.027 (1.023-1.030) | 157 | 34.7%, P = 0.000 | 1 070 935 |
| Cfb: Oceanic | 1.052 (1.049-1.055) | 57 | 85.3%, P = 0.000 | 652 133 |
| Csa: Mediterranean hot summer | 1.038 (1.018-1.057) | 23 | 0.0%, P = 0.967 | 14 727 |
| Csb: Mediterranean warm/cool summer | 1.005 (0.981-1.030) | 14 | 0.0%, P = 0.503 | 5668 |
| Cwa: Dry-winter humid subtropical | 1.029 (1.009-1.048) | 8 | 46.2%, P = 0.072 | 27 892 |
Bold font denotes relative risk with CI not including 1.0.
Relative risk estimates were sourced from previous systematic reviews22,24 and epidemiological studies.37–39
k, number of risk estimates; I2, P-value heterogeneity score and statistical significance of heterogeneity; N, number of cases.
Random-effect meta-analysis estimates of the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of suicide per 1 °C increase in temperature for different Köppen–Geiger climate zones in Australia
| Climate zones . | RR (95% CI) . | k . | I2, P-value . | N . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Af: Tropical rainforest | 1.020 (0.987-1.053) | 6 | 0.0%, P = 0.616 | 8360 |
| Am: Tropical monsoon | 1.162 (1.099-1.225) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.652 | 6511 |
| Aw: Tropical savanna (dry-winter) | 1.114 (1.005-1.223) | 11 | 33.9%, P = 0.127 | 12 010 |
| BSh: Hot semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (0.982-1.063) | 11 | 12.9%, P = 0.322 | 4862 |
| BSk: Cold semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (1.010-1.035) | 31 | 7.3%, P = 0.351 | 22 878 |
| BWh: Hot arid (desert) | 1.033 (1.008-1.058) | 4 | 0.0%, P = 0.893 | 5008 |
| BWk: Cold arid (desert) | 1.025 (0.971-1.078) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.638 | 1378 |
| Cfa: Humid subtropical | 1.027 (1.023-1.030) | 157 | 34.7%, P = 0.000 | 1 070 935 |
| Cfb: Oceanic | 1.052 (1.049-1.055) | 57 | 85.3%, P = 0.000 | 652 133 |
| Csa: Mediterranean hot summer | 1.038 (1.018-1.057) | 23 | 0.0%, P = 0.967 | 14 727 |
| Csb: Mediterranean warm/cool summer | 1.005 (0.981-1.030) | 14 | 0.0%, P = 0.503 | 5668 |
| Cwa: Dry-winter humid subtropical | 1.029 (1.009-1.048) | 8 | 46.2%, P = 0.072 | 27 892 |
| Climate zones . | RR (95% CI) . | k . | I2, P-value . | N . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Af: Tropical rainforest | 1.020 (0.987-1.053) | 6 | 0.0%, P = 0.616 | 8360 |
| Am: Tropical monsoon | 1.162 (1.099-1.225) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.652 | 6511 |
| Aw: Tropical savanna (dry-winter) | 1.114 (1.005-1.223) | 11 | 33.9%, P = 0.127 | 12 010 |
| BSh: Hot semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (0.982-1.063) | 11 | 12.9%, P = 0.322 | 4862 |
| BSk: Cold semi-arid (steppe) | 1.022 (1.010-1.035) | 31 | 7.3%, P = 0.351 | 22 878 |
| BWh: Hot arid (desert) | 1.033 (1.008-1.058) | 4 | 0.0%, P = 0.893 | 5008 |
| BWk: Cold arid (desert) | 1.025 (0.971-1.078) | 3 | 0.0%, P = 0.638 | 1378 |
| Cfa: Humid subtropical | 1.027 (1.023-1.030) | 157 | 34.7%, P = 0.000 | 1 070 935 |
| Cfb: Oceanic | 1.052 (1.049-1.055) | 57 | 85.3%, P = 0.000 | 652 133 |
| Csa: Mediterranean hot summer | 1.038 (1.018-1.057) | 23 | 0.0%, P = 0.967 | 14 727 |
| Csb: Mediterranean warm/cool summer | 1.005 (0.981-1.030) | 14 | 0.0%, P = 0.503 | 5668 |
| Cwa: Dry-winter humid subtropical | 1.029 (1.009-1.048) | 8 | 46.2%, P = 0.072 | 27 892 |
Bold font denotes relative risk with CI not including 1.0.
Relative risk estimates were sourced from previous systematic reviews22,24 and epidemiological studies.37–39
k, number of risk estimates; I2, P-value heterogeneity score and statistical significance of heterogeneity; N, number of cases.
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