Laboratory Test Results and Ophthalmologic Examination Findings for Early and Late Clearers
| Test Findings . | Early Clearers, No. (%) . | Late Clearers, No. (%) . | OR . | aORa . | Indeterminate Clearers, No. (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal eye examination findings | |||||
| ȃConjunctiva | 27 (29) | 8 (27) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2 (20) |
| ȃAnterior chamber | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0 |
| ȃPupil | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃLens | 7 (8) | 13 (43) | 8.7b | 3.9b | 2 (20) |
| ȃVitreous | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1 (10) |
| ȃFundus | 21 (23) | 5 (17) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 (10) |
| ȃElevated intraocular pressure | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormal endocrine testing findings | |||||
| ȃCortisol (units) | 24 (28) | 2 (8) | 0.22b | 0.24 | 3 (33) |
| ȃFSH | 5 (6) | 2 (8) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1 (11) |
| ȃGrowth hormone | 7 (8) | 5 (19) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1 (11) |
| ȃLH | 18 (21) | 8 (31) | 1.7 | 2 | 6 (66) |
| ȃProlactin | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.2 | 2 (22) |
| ȃPSA | 2 (2) | 3 (11) | 5.4 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃSHBG | 2 (2) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ% Free testosterone | 4 (5) | 2 (10) | 1.8 | 2 | 0 |
| ȃFree testosterone | 2 (2) | 3 (12) | 5.5 | 3.3 | 0 |
| ȃTestosterone | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (11) |
| ȃThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | 0 | 1 (4) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃFree T3 | 9 (10) | 3 (12) | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1 (11) |
| ȃFree T4 | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Hemoglobinopathy | |||||
| ȃNo sickle trait | 77 (85) | 24 (86) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 9 (100) |
| ȃSickle trait | 12 (13) | 4 (14) | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0 |
| ȃHgbC | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ β-Thalassemia | 1 (1) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃO-Arab | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Infectious disease testing | |||||
| ȃChlamydia | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1 (10) |
| ȃGonorrhea | 0 | 1 (3) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃHIV Ag/Ab | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immunity (vaccination) | 3 (3) | 5 (19) | 6.4b | 8.5b | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immune (natural infection) | 34 (39) | 7 (26) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus—HBV core Ab only | 32 (37) | 11 (41) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 4 (50) |
| ȃHepatitis C Virus RNA | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃActive P. falciparum malaria | 6 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 | 1.1 | 4 (40) |
| ȃMild/past P. falciparum malaria | 3 (3) | 2 (7) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0 |
| Stool ova and parasites (hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepis, Taenia, or Schistosoma mansoni) | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Test Findings . | Early Clearers, No. (%) . | Late Clearers, No. (%) . | OR . | aORa . | Indeterminate Clearers, No. (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal eye examination findings | |||||
| ȃConjunctiva | 27 (29) | 8 (27) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2 (20) |
| ȃAnterior chamber | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0 |
| ȃPupil | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃLens | 7 (8) | 13 (43) | 8.7b | 3.9b | 2 (20) |
| ȃVitreous | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1 (10) |
| ȃFundus | 21 (23) | 5 (17) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 (10) |
| ȃElevated intraocular pressure | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormal endocrine testing findings | |||||
| ȃCortisol (units) | 24 (28) | 2 (8) | 0.22b | 0.24 | 3 (33) |
| ȃFSH | 5 (6) | 2 (8) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1 (11) |
| ȃGrowth hormone | 7 (8) | 5 (19) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1 (11) |
| ȃLH | 18 (21) | 8 (31) | 1.7 | 2 | 6 (66) |
| ȃProlactin | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.2 | 2 (22) |
| ȃPSA | 2 (2) | 3 (11) | 5.4 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃSHBG | 2 (2) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ% Free testosterone | 4 (5) | 2 (10) | 1.8 | 2 | 0 |
| ȃFree testosterone | 2 (2) | 3 (12) | 5.5 | 3.3 | 0 |
| ȃTestosterone | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (11) |
| ȃThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | 0 | 1 (4) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃFree T3 | 9 (10) | 3 (12) | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1 (11) |
| ȃFree T4 | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Hemoglobinopathy | |||||
| ȃNo sickle trait | 77 (85) | 24 (86) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 9 (100) |
| ȃSickle trait | 12 (13) | 4 (14) | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0 |
| ȃHgbC | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ β-Thalassemia | 1 (1) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃO-Arab | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Infectious disease testing | |||||
| ȃChlamydia | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1 (10) |
| ȃGonorrhea | 0 | 1 (3) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃHIV Ag/Ab | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immunity (vaccination) | 3 (3) | 5 (19) | 6.4b | 8.5b | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immune (natural infection) | 34 (39) | 7 (26) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus—HBV core Ab only | 32 (37) | 11 (41) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 4 (50) |
| ȃHepatitis C Virus RNA | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃActive P. falciparum malaria | 6 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 | 1.1 | 4 (40) |
| ȃMild/past P. falciparum malaria | 3 (3) | 2 (7) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0 |
| Stool ova and parasites (hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepis, Taenia, or Schistosoma mansoni) | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HgbC, hemoglobin C trait; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LH, luteinizing hormone; OR, odd ratio; P. falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine.
ORs adjusted for age.
Significant at P < .05.
Laboratory Test Results and Ophthalmologic Examination Findings for Early and Late Clearers
| Test Findings . | Early Clearers, No. (%) . | Late Clearers, No. (%) . | OR . | aORa . | Indeterminate Clearers, No. (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal eye examination findings | |||||
| ȃConjunctiva | 27 (29) | 8 (27) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2 (20) |
| ȃAnterior chamber | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0 |
| ȃPupil | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃLens | 7 (8) | 13 (43) | 8.7b | 3.9b | 2 (20) |
| ȃVitreous | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1 (10) |
| ȃFundus | 21 (23) | 5 (17) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 (10) |
| ȃElevated intraocular pressure | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormal endocrine testing findings | |||||
| ȃCortisol (units) | 24 (28) | 2 (8) | 0.22b | 0.24 | 3 (33) |
| ȃFSH | 5 (6) | 2 (8) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1 (11) |
| ȃGrowth hormone | 7 (8) | 5 (19) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1 (11) |
| ȃLH | 18 (21) | 8 (31) | 1.7 | 2 | 6 (66) |
| ȃProlactin | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.2 | 2 (22) |
| ȃPSA | 2 (2) | 3 (11) | 5.4 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃSHBG | 2 (2) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ% Free testosterone | 4 (5) | 2 (10) | 1.8 | 2 | 0 |
| ȃFree testosterone | 2 (2) | 3 (12) | 5.5 | 3.3 | 0 |
| ȃTestosterone | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (11) |
| ȃThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | 0 | 1 (4) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃFree T3 | 9 (10) | 3 (12) | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1 (11) |
| ȃFree T4 | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Hemoglobinopathy | |||||
| ȃNo sickle trait | 77 (85) | 24 (86) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 9 (100) |
| ȃSickle trait | 12 (13) | 4 (14) | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0 |
| ȃHgbC | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ β-Thalassemia | 1 (1) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃO-Arab | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Infectious disease testing | |||||
| ȃChlamydia | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1 (10) |
| ȃGonorrhea | 0 | 1 (3) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃHIV Ag/Ab | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immunity (vaccination) | 3 (3) | 5 (19) | 6.4b | 8.5b | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immune (natural infection) | 34 (39) | 7 (26) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus—HBV core Ab only | 32 (37) | 11 (41) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 4 (50) |
| ȃHepatitis C Virus RNA | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃActive P. falciparum malaria | 6 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 | 1.1 | 4 (40) |
| ȃMild/past P. falciparum malaria | 3 (3) | 2 (7) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0 |
| Stool ova and parasites (hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepis, Taenia, or Schistosoma mansoni) | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Test Findings . | Early Clearers, No. (%) . | Late Clearers, No. (%) . | OR . | aORa . | Indeterminate Clearers, No. (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal eye examination findings | |||||
| ȃConjunctiva | 27 (29) | 8 (27) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2 (20) |
| ȃAnterior chamber | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0 |
| ȃPupil | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃLens | 7 (8) | 13 (43) | 8.7b | 3.9b | 2 (20) |
| ȃVitreous | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1 (10) |
| ȃFundus | 21 (23) | 5 (17) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1 (10) |
| ȃElevated intraocular pressure | 3 (3) | 3 (10) | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormal endocrine testing findings | |||||
| ȃCortisol (units) | 24 (28) | 2 (8) | 0.22b | 0.24 | 3 (33) |
| ȃFSH | 5 (6) | 2 (8) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1 (11) |
| ȃGrowth hormone | 7 (8) | 5 (19) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1 (11) |
| ȃLH | 18 (21) | 8 (31) | 1.7 | 2 | 6 (66) |
| ȃProlactin | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.2 | 2 (22) |
| ȃPSA | 2 (2) | 3 (11) | 5.4 | 1.6 | 0 |
| ȃSHBG | 2 (2) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ% Free testosterone | 4 (5) | 2 (10) | 1.8 | 2 | 0 |
| ȃFree testosterone | 2 (2) | 3 (12) | 5.5 | 3.3 | 0 |
| ȃTestosterone | 7 (8) | 2 (8) | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (11) |
| ȃThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | 0 | 1 (4) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃFree T3 | 9 (10) | 3 (12) | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1 (11) |
| ȃFree T4 | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Hemoglobinopathy | |||||
| ȃNo sickle trait | 77 (85) | 24 (86) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 9 (100) |
| ȃSickle trait | 12 (13) | 4 (14) | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0 |
| ȃHgbC | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃ β-Thalassemia | 1 (1) | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃO-Arab | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| Infectious disease testing | |||||
| ȃChlamydia | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1 (10) |
| ȃGonorrhea | 0 | 1 (3) | … | … | 0 |
| ȃHIV Ag/Ab | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immunity (vaccination) | 3 (3) | 5 (19) | 6.4b | 8.5b | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus immune (natural infection) | 34 (39) | 7 (26) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2 (22) |
| ȃHepatitis B Virus—HBV core Ab only | 32 (37) | 11 (41) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 4 (50) |
| ȃHepatitis C Virus RNA | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
| ȃActive P. falciparum malaria | 6 (7) | 2 (7) | 1 | 1.1 | 4 (40) |
| ȃMild/past P. falciparum malaria | 3 (3) | 2 (7) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0 |
| Stool ova and parasites (hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepis, Taenia, or Schistosoma mansoni) | 0 | 0 | … | … | 0 |
Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HgbC, hemoglobin C trait; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LH, luteinizing hormone; OR, odd ratio; P. falciparum, Plasmodium falciparum; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine.
ORs adjusted for age.
Significant at P < .05.
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