Table 4. Open in new tab Univariate...

	Univariate logistic regression	Multivariate logistic regression
Age ≥ 65 years	2.60 (1.18–5.71)	0.02	3.24 (1.27–8.23)	0.01
Men	0.86 (0.48–1.53)	0.60	0.71 (0.36–1.39)	0.32
Body mass index ≥ 25	0.62 (0.33–1.14)	0.13
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	0.77 (0.54–1.11)	0.16
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.93 (0.74–1.18)	0.54
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.49 (0.23–1.05)	0.06	0.45 (0.20–1.05)	0.06
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.73 (0.48–1.13)	0.15
Glucose, mmol/L	0.87 (0.66–1.15)	0.30
HbA1c, %	1.13 (0.70–1.84)	0.62
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.06
Chronic kidney disease	1.67 (0.91–3.07)	0.09	1.17 (0.58–2.33)	0.66
Smokers	1.10 (0.61–2.00)	0.73
Dyslipidemia	1.41 (0.60–3.28)	0.43
Diabetes mellitus	0.71 (0.35–1.45)	0.35
Coronary heart disease	0.85 (0.36–1.98)	0.70
Cerebrovascular disease	2.26 (1.03–4.97)	0.04	1.96 (0.78–4.90)	0.15
Sleep apnea syndrome	0.74 (0.25–2.19)	0.58
Primary aldosteronism	0.96 (0.11–8.18)	0.97
Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs	0.93 (0.51–1.67)	0.80
Number of antihypertensive drugs	1.02 (0.73–1.44)	0.90
Office systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Office systolic blood pressure 130–<140 mm Hg	1.06 (0.54–2.11)	0.86
Office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg	0.91 (0.44–1.89)	0.80
Morning systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Morning systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	1.07 (0.55–2.10)	0.84
Morning systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.64 (0.31–1.33)	0.23
Evening systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Evening systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	0.23 (0.09–0.60)	0.003	0.22 (0.08–0.58)	0.002
Evening systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.04	0.39 (0.16–0.95)	0.04

Univariate logistic regression

Multivariate logistic regression

Covariates

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Age ≥ 65 years

2.60 (1.18–5.71)

0.02

3.24 (1.27–8.23)

0.01

Men

0.86 (0.48–1.53)

0.60

0.71 (0.36–1.39)

0.32

Body mass index ≥ 25

0.62 (0.33–1.14)

0.13

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

0.77 (0.54–1.11)

0.16

Triglycerides, mmol/L

0.93 (0.74–1.18)

0.54

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

0.49 (0.23–1.05)

0.06

0.45 (0.20–1.05)

0.06

LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

0.73 (0.48–1.13)

0.15

Glucose, mmol/L

0.87 (0.66–1.15)

0.30

HbA1c, %

1.13 (0.70–1.84)

0.62

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

0.98 (0.96–1.00)

0.06

Chronic kidney disease

1.67 (0.91–3.07)

0.09

1.17 (0.58–2.33)

0.66

Smokers

1.10 (0.61–2.00)

0.73

Dyslipidemia

1.41 (0.60–3.28)

0.43

Diabetes mellitus

0.71 (0.35–1.45)

0.35

Coronary heart disease

0.85 (0.36–1.98)

0.70

Cerebrovascular disease

2.26 (1.03–4.97)

0.04

1.96 (0.78–4.90)

0.15

Sleep apnea syndrome

0.74 (0.25–2.19)

0.58

Primary aldosteronism

0.96 (0.11–8.18)

0.97

Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs

0.93 (0.51–1.67)

0.80

Number of antihypertensive drugs

1.02 (0.73–1.44)

0.90

Office systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg

1 (reference)

Office systolic blood pressure 130–<140 mm Hg

1.06 (0.54–2.11)

0.86

Office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg

0.91 (0.44–1.89)

0.80

Morning systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg

1 (reference)

Morning systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg

1.07 (0.55–2.10)

0.84

Morning systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg

0.64 (0.31–1.33)

0.23

Evening systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg

1 (reference)

Evening systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg

0.23 (0.09–0.60)

0.003

0.22 (0.08–0.58)

0.002

Evening systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg

0.43 (0.19–0.96)

0.04

0.39 (0.16–0.95)

0.04

	Univariate logistic regression	Multivariate logistic regression
Age ≥ 65 years	2.60 (1.18–5.71)	0.02	3.24 (1.27–8.23)	0.01
Men	0.86 (0.48–1.53)	0.60	0.71 (0.36–1.39)	0.32
Body mass index ≥ 25	0.62 (0.33–1.14)	0.13
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	0.77 (0.54–1.11)	0.16
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.93 (0.74–1.18)	0.54
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.49 (0.23–1.05)	0.06	0.45 (0.20–1.05)	0.06
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.73 (0.48–1.13)	0.15
Glucose, mmol/L	0.87 (0.66–1.15)	0.30
HbA1c, %	1.13 (0.70–1.84)	0.62
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.06
Chronic kidney disease	1.67 (0.91–3.07)	0.09	1.17 (0.58–2.33)	0.66
Smokers	1.10 (0.61–2.00)	0.73
Dyslipidemia	1.41 (0.60–3.28)	0.43
Diabetes mellitus	0.71 (0.35–1.45)	0.35
Coronary heart disease	0.85 (0.36–1.98)	0.70
Cerebrovascular disease	2.26 (1.03–4.97)	0.04	1.96 (0.78–4.90)	0.15
Sleep apnea syndrome	0.74 (0.25–2.19)	0.58
Primary aldosteronism	0.96 (0.11–8.18)	0.97
Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs	0.93 (0.51–1.67)	0.80
Number of antihypertensive drugs	1.02 (0.73–1.44)	0.90
Office systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Office systolic blood pressure 130–<140 mm Hg	1.06 (0.54–2.11)	0.86
Office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg	0.91 (0.44–1.89)	0.80
Morning systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Morning systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	1.07 (0.55–2.10)	0.84
Morning systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.64 (0.31–1.33)	0.23
Evening systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Evening systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	0.23 (0.09–0.60)	0.003	0.22 (0.08–0.58)	0.002
Evening systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.04	0.39 (0.16–0.95)	0.04

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the relationships between riser pattern and variables

	Univariate logistic regression		Multivariate logistic regression
Covariates	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥ 65 years	2.60 (1.18–5.71)	0.02	3.24 (1.27–8.23)	0.01
Men	0.86 (0.48–1.53)	0.60	0.71 (0.36–1.39)	0.32
Body mass index ≥ 25	0.62 (0.33–1.14)	0.13
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	0.77 (0.54–1.11)	0.16
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.93 (0.74–1.18)	0.54
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.49 (0.23–1.05)	0.06	0.45 (0.20–1.05)	0.06
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.73 (0.48–1.13)	0.15
Glucose, mmol/L	0.87 (0.66–1.15)	0.30
HbA1c, %	1.13 (0.70–1.84)	0.62
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.06
Chronic kidney disease	1.67 (0.91–3.07)	0.09	1.17 (0.58–2.33)	0.66
Smokers	1.10 (0.61–2.00)	0.73
Dyslipidemia	1.41 (0.60–3.28)	0.43
Diabetes mellitus	0.71 (0.35–1.45)	0.35
Coronary heart disease	0.85 (0.36–1.98)	0.70
Cerebrovascular disease	2.26 (1.03–4.97)	0.04	1.96 (0.78–4.90)	0.15
Sleep apnea syndrome	0.74 (0.25–2.19)	0.58
Primary aldosteronism	0.96 (0.11–8.18)	0.97
Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs	0.93 (0.51–1.67)	0.80
Number of antihypertensive drugs	1.02 (0.73–1.44)	0.90
Office systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Office systolic blood pressure 130–<140 mm Hg	1.06 (0.54–2.11)	0.86
Office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg	0.91 (0.44–1.89)	0.80
Morning systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Morning systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	1.07 (0.55–2.10)	0.84
Morning systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.64 (0.31–1.33)	0.23
Evening systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Evening systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	0.23 (0.09–0.60)	0.003	0.22 (0.08–0.58)	0.002
Evening systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.04	0.39 (0.16–0.95)	0.04

	Univariate logistic regression		Multivariate logistic regression
Covariates	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥ 65 years	2.60 (1.18–5.71)	0.02	3.24 (1.27–8.23)	0.01
Men	0.86 (0.48–1.53)	0.60	0.71 (0.36–1.39)	0.32
Body mass index ≥ 25	0.62 (0.33–1.14)	0.13
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	0.77 (0.54–1.11)	0.16
Triglycerides, mmol/L	0.93 (0.74–1.18)	0.54
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.49 (0.23–1.05)	0.06	0.45 (0.20–1.05)	0.06
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.73 (0.48–1.13)	0.15
Glucose, mmol/L	0.87 (0.66–1.15)	0.30
HbA1c, %	1.13 (0.70–1.84)	0.62
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.06
Chronic kidney disease	1.67 (0.91–3.07)	0.09	1.17 (0.58–2.33)	0.66
Smokers	1.10 (0.61–2.00)	0.73
Dyslipidemia	1.41 (0.60–3.28)	0.43
Diabetes mellitus	0.71 (0.35–1.45)	0.35
Coronary heart disease	0.85 (0.36–1.98)	0.70
Cerebrovascular disease	2.26 (1.03–4.97)	0.04	1.96 (0.78–4.90)	0.15
Sleep apnea syndrome	0.74 (0.25–2.19)	0.58
Primary aldosteronism	0.96 (0.11–8.18)	0.97
Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs	0.93 (0.51–1.67)	0.80
Number of antihypertensive drugs	1.02 (0.73–1.44)	0.90
Office systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Office systolic blood pressure 130–<140 mm Hg	1.06 (0.54–2.11)	0.86
Office systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg	0.91 (0.44–1.89)	0.80
Morning systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Morning systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	1.07 (0.55–2.10)	0.84
Morning systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.64 (0.31–1.33)	0.23
Evening systolic blood pressure < 125 mm Hg	1 (reference)
Evening systolic blood pressure 125–<135 mm Hg	0.23 (0.09–0.60)	0.003	0.22 (0.08–0.58)	0.002
Evening systolic blood pressure ≥ 135 mm Hg	0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.04	0.39 (0.16–0.95)	0.04

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

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