Characteristics of Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters Among Adults With COVID-19–Like Illness by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) Quartile, 1 January 2021 to 8 July 2022
| . | . | . | SVI Quartile . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Overall (Col %) . | SMDa . | SVI Q1 (Row %) . | SVI Q2 (Row %) . | SVI Q3 (Row %) . | SVI Q4 (Row %) . | Unable to Geocode or Missingb (Row %) . |
| Total | 605 220 | … | 169 392 | 123 142 | 96 313 | 82 589 | 133 784 |
| Subvariant predominance era | |||||||
| ȃPre-Delta | 59 737 (10.0) | 0.066 | 15 842 (26.5) | 13 109 (21.9) | 9335 (15.6) | 7880 (13.2) | 13 571 (22.7) |
| ȃDelta | 271 795 (45.4) | … | 78 031 (28.7) | 55 280 (20.3) | 42 539 (15.7) | 34 495 (12.7) | 61 450 (22.6) |
| ȃBA.1 | 155 860 (26.0) | … | 41 235 (26.5) | 31 359 (20.1) | 25 862 (16.6) | 24 000 (15.4) | 33 404 (21.4) |
| ȃBA.2c | 111 263 (18.6) | … | 32 008 (28.8) | 22 089 (19.9) | 17 608 (15.8) | 15 441 (13.9) | 24 117 (21.7) |
| Site | |||||||
| ȃBSWHd | 104 474 (17.3) | 0.741 | 22 149 (21.2) | 19 907 (19.1) | 21 255 (20.3) | 26 948 (25.8) | 14 215 (13.6) |
| ȃHPe | 110 670 (18.3) | … | 53 327 (48.2) | 25 666 (23.2) | 13 693 (12.4) | 14 610 (13.2) | 3374 (3.0) |
| ȃIHf | 164 061 (27.1) | … | 57 513 (35.1) | 36 323 (22.1) | 27 994 (17.1) | 12 233 (7.5) | 29 998 (18.3) |
| ȃKPNWg | 61 437 (10.2) | … | 10 518 (17.1) | 15 222 (24.8) | 12 254 (19.9) | 8722 (14.2) | 14 721 (24.0) |
| ȃPHIXh | 9740 (1.6) | … | 276 (2.8) | 741 (7.6) | 1061 (10.9) | 2601 (26.7) | 5061 (52.0) |
| ȃRGNi | 104 707 (17.3) | … | 16 148 (15.4) | 20 763 (19.8) | 17 929 (17.1) | 15 452 (14.8) | 34 415 (32.9) |
| ȃUCOj | 50 131 (8.3) | … | 9461 (18.9) | 4520 (9.0) | 2127 (4.2) | 2023 (4.0) | 32 000 (63.8) |
| Age group | |||||||
| ȃ18–49 y | 314 953 (52.0) | 0.102 | 83 092 (26.4) | 62 192 (19.7) | 49 439 (15.7) | 44 352 (14.1) | 75 878 (24.1) |
| ȃ50–64 y | 124 176 (20.5) | … | 34 682 (27.9) | 24 919 (20.1) | 20 418 (16.4) | 18 509 (14.9) | 25 648 (20.7) |
| ȃ≥65 y | 166 085 (27.4) | … | 51 617 (31.1) | 36 031 (21.7) | 26 454 (15.9) | 19 728 (11.9) | 32 255 (19.4) |
| Sex | |||||||
| ȃMale | 244 463 (40.4) | 0.021 | 69 566 (28.5) | 49 783 (20.4) | 38 378 (15.7) | 32 458 (13.3) | 54 278 (22.2) |
| ȃFemale | 360 757 (59.6) | … | 99 826 (27.7) | 73 359 (20.3) | 57 935 (16.1) | 50 131 (13.9) | 79 506 (22.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| ȃNon-Hispanic White | 411 302 (68.0) | 0.505 | 137 529 (33.4) | 91 462 (22.2) | 62 318 (15.2) | 38 248 (9.3) | 81 745 (19.9) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Black | 59 521 (9.8) | … | 8561 (14.4) | 9938 (16.7) | 11 148 (18.7) | 20 376 (34.2) | 9498 (16.0) |
| ȃHispanic | 66 945 (11.1) | … | 10 560 (15.8) | 12 041 (18.0) | 14 560 (21.7) | 16 866 (25.2) | 12 918 (19.3) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Other | 36 713 (6.1) | … | 9793 (26.7) | 6973 (19.0) | 5726 (15.6) | 5122 (14.0) | 9099 (24.8) |
| ȃUnknown | 30 739 (5.1) | … | 2949 (9.6) | 2728 (8.9) | 2561 (8.3) | 1977 (6.4) | 20 524 (66.8) |
| Medicaid insurance | |||||||
| ȃNo | 471 396 (77.9) | 0.326 | 146 169 (31.0) | 96 818 (20.5) | 71 129 (15.1) | 53 261 (11.3) | 104 019 (22.1) |
| ȃYes | 123 383 (20.4) | … | 22 019 (17.8) | 24 577 (19.9) | 23 541 (19.1) | 28 072 (22.8) | 25 174 (20.4) |
| ȃMissing/Unknown | 10 441 (1.7) | … | 1204 (11.5) | 1747 (16.7) | 1643 (15.7) | 1256 (12.0) | 4591 (44.0) |
| Urban-rural classification of facility | |||||||
| ȃLarge central metro | 215 203 (35.6) | 0.377 | 72 208 (33.6) | 43 005 (20.0) | 36 814 (17.1) | 40 840 (19.0) | 22 336 (10.4) |
| ȃLarge fringe metro | 126 890 (21.0) | … | 37 784 (29.8) | 26 669 (21.0) | 17 722 (14.0) | 10 700 (8.4) | 34 015 (26.8) |
| ȃMedium metro | 130 405 (21.5) | … | 33 769 (25.9) | 24 778 (19.0) | 18 115 (13.9) | 14 450 (11.1) | 39 293 (30.1) |
| ȃSmall metro | 49 407 (8.2) | … | 10 623 (21.5) | 9854 (19.9) | 11 563 (23.4) | 7204 (14.6) | 10 163 (20.6) |
| ȃMicropolitan | 27 404 (4.5) | … | 6935 (25.3) | 8196 (29.9) | 4071 (14.9) | 2481 (9.1) | 5721 (20.9) |
| ȃNon-core | 15 867 (2.6) | … | 2044 (12.9) | 4598 (29.0) | 3436 (21.7) | 1943 (12.2) | 3846 (24.2) |
| ȃUnknown | 40 044 (6.6) | … | 6029 (15.1) | 6042 (15.1) | 4592 (11.5) | 4971 (12.4) | 18 410 (46.0) |
| Underlying respiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 493 424 (81.5) | 0.113 | 142 921 (29.0) | 99 690 (20.2) | 75 580 (15.3) | 63 858 (12.9) | 111 375 (22.6) |
| ȃYes | 111 796 (18.5) | … | 26 471 (23.7) | 23 452 (21.0) | 20 733 (18.5) | 18 731 (16.8) | 22 409 (20.0) |
| Underlying nonrespiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 426 794 (70.5) | 0.142 | 126 364 (29.6) | 85 221 (20.0) | 62 724 (14.7) | 52 585 (12.3) | 99 900 (23.4) |
| ȃYes | 178 426 (29.5) | … | 43 028 (24.1) | 37 921 (21.3) | 33 589 (18.8) | 30 004 (16.8) | 33 884 (19.0) |
| Any likely immunocompromised status | |||||||
| ȃNo | 574 942 (95.0) | 0.046 | 161 577 (28.1) | 116 659 (20.3) | 90 558 (15.8) | 77 661 (13.5) | 128 487 (22.3) |
| ȃYes | 30 278 (5.0) | … | 7815 (25.8) | 6483 (21.4) | 5755 (19.0) | 4928 (16.3) | 5297 (17.5) |
| Immunization status and days since last dose | |||||||
| ȃUnvaccinated (referent) | 254 731 (42.1) | 0.299 | 55 083 (21.6) | 50 008 (19.6) | 42 764 (16.8) | 41 386 (16.2) | 65 490 (25.7) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA <150 d since last dose | 70 419 (11.6) | … | 21 968 (31.2) | 15 161 (21.5) | 10 792 (15.3) | 8392 (11.9) | 14 106 (20.0) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA ≥150 d since last dose | 129 612 (21.4) | … | 41 057 (31.7) | 26 499 (20.4) | 19 947 (15.4) | 15 765 (12.2) | 26 344 (20.3) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA <120 d since last dose | 51 283 (8.5) | … | 18 669 (36.4) | 10 816 (21.1) | 7517 (14.7) | 5078 (9.9) | 9203 (17.9) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA ≥120 d since last dose | 35 190 (5.8) | … | 13 587 (38.6) | 7343 (20.9) | 4840 (13.8) | 3365 (9.6) | 6055 (17.2) |
| ȃOther Immunization combination | 63 985 (10.6) | … | 19 028 (29.7) | 13 315 (20.8) | 10 453 (16.3) | 8603 (13.4) | 12 586 (19.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃPositive | 107 993 (17.8) | 0.06 | 27 497 (25.5) | 21 304 (19.7) | 17 526 (16.2) | 15 920 (14.7) | 25 746 (23.8) |
| ȃNegative | 497 227 (82.2) | … | 141 895 (28.5) | 101 838 (20.5) | 78 787 (15.8) | 66 669 (13.4) | 108 038 (21.7) |
| Known historical positive SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃYes | 64 256 (10.6) | 0.069 | 15 624 (24.3) | 13 369 (20.8) | 11 315 (17.6) | 10 507 (16.4) | 13 441 (20.9) |
| ȃNo | 540 964 (89.4) | … | 153 768 (28.4) | 109 773 (20.3) | 84 998 (15.7) | 72 082 (13.3) | 120 343 (22.2) |
| . | . | . | SVI Quartile . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Overall (Col %) . | SMDa . | SVI Q1 (Row %) . | SVI Q2 (Row %) . | SVI Q3 (Row %) . | SVI Q4 (Row %) . | Unable to Geocode or Missingb (Row %) . |
| Total | 605 220 | … | 169 392 | 123 142 | 96 313 | 82 589 | 133 784 |
| Subvariant predominance era | |||||||
| ȃPre-Delta | 59 737 (10.0) | 0.066 | 15 842 (26.5) | 13 109 (21.9) | 9335 (15.6) | 7880 (13.2) | 13 571 (22.7) |
| ȃDelta | 271 795 (45.4) | … | 78 031 (28.7) | 55 280 (20.3) | 42 539 (15.7) | 34 495 (12.7) | 61 450 (22.6) |
| ȃBA.1 | 155 860 (26.0) | … | 41 235 (26.5) | 31 359 (20.1) | 25 862 (16.6) | 24 000 (15.4) | 33 404 (21.4) |
| ȃBA.2c | 111 263 (18.6) | … | 32 008 (28.8) | 22 089 (19.9) | 17 608 (15.8) | 15 441 (13.9) | 24 117 (21.7) |
| Site | |||||||
| ȃBSWHd | 104 474 (17.3) | 0.741 | 22 149 (21.2) | 19 907 (19.1) | 21 255 (20.3) | 26 948 (25.8) | 14 215 (13.6) |
| ȃHPe | 110 670 (18.3) | … | 53 327 (48.2) | 25 666 (23.2) | 13 693 (12.4) | 14 610 (13.2) | 3374 (3.0) |
| ȃIHf | 164 061 (27.1) | … | 57 513 (35.1) | 36 323 (22.1) | 27 994 (17.1) | 12 233 (7.5) | 29 998 (18.3) |
| ȃKPNWg | 61 437 (10.2) | … | 10 518 (17.1) | 15 222 (24.8) | 12 254 (19.9) | 8722 (14.2) | 14 721 (24.0) |
| ȃPHIXh | 9740 (1.6) | … | 276 (2.8) | 741 (7.6) | 1061 (10.9) | 2601 (26.7) | 5061 (52.0) |
| ȃRGNi | 104 707 (17.3) | … | 16 148 (15.4) | 20 763 (19.8) | 17 929 (17.1) | 15 452 (14.8) | 34 415 (32.9) |
| ȃUCOj | 50 131 (8.3) | … | 9461 (18.9) | 4520 (9.0) | 2127 (4.2) | 2023 (4.0) | 32 000 (63.8) |
| Age group | |||||||
| ȃ18–49 y | 314 953 (52.0) | 0.102 | 83 092 (26.4) | 62 192 (19.7) | 49 439 (15.7) | 44 352 (14.1) | 75 878 (24.1) |
| ȃ50–64 y | 124 176 (20.5) | … | 34 682 (27.9) | 24 919 (20.1) | 20 418 (16.4) | 18 509 (14.9) | 25 648 (20.7) |
| ȃ≥65 y | 166 085 (27.4) | … | 51 617 (31.1) | 36 031 (21.7) | 26 454 (15.9) | 19 728 (11.9) | 32 255 (19.4) |
| Sex | |||||||
| ȃMale | 244 463 (40.4) | 0.021 | 69 566 (28.5) | 49 783 (20.4) | 38 378 (15.7) | 32 458 (13.3) | 54 278 (22.2) |
| ȃFemale | 360 757 (59.6) | … | 99 826 (27.7) | 73 359 (20.3) | 57 935 (16.1) | 50 131 (13.9) | 79 506 (22.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| ȃNon-Hispanic White | 411 302 (68.0) | 0.505 | 137 529 (33.4) | 91 462 (22.2) | 62 318 (15.2) | 38 248 (9.3) | 81 745 (19.9) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Black | 59 521 (9.8) | … | 8561 (14.4) | 9938 (16.7) | 11 148 (18.7) | 20 376 (34.2) | 9498 (16.0) |
| ȃHispanic | 66 945 (11.1) | … | 10 560 (15.8) | 12 041 (18.0) | 14 560 (21.7) | 16 866 (25.2) | 12 918 (19.3) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Other | 36 713 (6.1) | … | 9793 (26.7) | 6973 (19.0) | 5726 (15.6) | 5122 (14.0) | 9099 (24.8) |
| ȃUnknown | 30 739 (5.1) | … | 2949 (9.6) | 2728 (8.9) | 2561 (8.3) | 1977 (6.4) | 20 524 (66.8) |
| Medicaid insurance | |||||||
| ȃNo | 471 396 (77.9) | 0.326 | 146 169 (31.0) | 96 818 (20.5) | 71 129 (15.1) | 53 261 (11.3) | 104 019 (22.1) |
| ȃYes | 123 383 (20.4) | … | 22 019 (17.8) | 24 577 (19.9) | 23 541 (19.1) | 28 072 (22.8) | 25 174 (20.4) |
| ȃMissing/Unknown | 10 441 (1.7) | … | 1204 (11.5) | 1747 (16.7) | 1643 (15.7) | 1256 (12.0) | 4591 (44.0) |
| Urban-rural classification of facility | |||||||
| ȃLarge central metro | 215 203 (35.6) | 0.377 | 72 208 (33.6) | 43 005 (20.0) | 36 814 (17.1) | 40 840 (19.0) | 22 336 (10.4) |
| ȃLarge fringe metro | 126 890 (21.0) | … | 37 784 (29.8) | 26 669 (21.0) | 17 722 (14.0) | 10 700 (8.4) | 34 015 (26.8) |
| ȃMedium metro | 130 405 (21.5) | … | 33 769 (25.9) | 24 778 (19.0) | 18 115 (13.9) | 14 450 (11.1) | 39 293 (30.1) |
| ȃSmall metro | 49 407 (8.2) | … | 10 623 (21.5) | 9854 (19.9) | 11 563 (23.4) | 7204 (14.6) | 10 163 (20.6) |
| ȃMicropolitan | 27 404 (4.5) | … | 6935 (25.3) | 8196 (29.9) | 4071 (14.9) | 2481 (9.1) | 5721 (20.9) |
| ȃNon-core | 15 867 (2.6) | … | 2044 (12.9) | 4598 (29.0) | 3436 (21.7) | 1943 (12.2) | 3846 (24.2) |
| ȃUnknown | 40 044 (6.6) | … | 6029 (15.1) | 6042 (15.1) | 4592 (11.5) | 4971 (12.4) | 18 410 (46.0) |
| Underlying respiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 493 424 (81.5) | 0.113 | 142 921 (29.0) | 99 690 (20.2) | 75 580 (15.3) | 63 858 (12.9) | 111 375 (22.6) |
| ȃYes | 111 796 (18.5) | … | 26 471 (23.7) | 23 452 (21.0) | 20 733 (18.5) | 18 731 (16.8) | 22 409 (20.0) |
| Underlying nonrespiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 426 794 (70.5) | 0.142 | 126 364 (29.6) | 85 221 (20.0) | 62 724 (14.7) | 52 585 (12.3) | 99 900 (23.4) |
| ȃYes | 178 426 (29.5) | … | 43 028 (24.1) | 37 921 (21.3) | 33 589 (18.8) | 30 004 (16.8) | 33 884 (19.0) |
| Any likely immunocompromised status | |||||||
| ȃNo | 574 942 (95.0) | 0.046 | 161 577 (28.1) | 116 659 (20.3) | 90 558 (15.8) | 77 661 (13.5) | 128 487 (22.3) |
| ȃYes | 30 278 (5.0) | … | 7815 (25.8) | 6483 (21.4) | 5755 (19.0) | 4928 (16.3) | 5297 (17.5) |
| Immunization status and days since last dose | |||||||
| ȃUnvaccinated (referent) | 254 731 (42.1) | 0.299 | 55 083 (21.6) | 50 008 (19.6) | 42 764 (16.8) | 41 386 (16.2) | 65 490 (25.7) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA <150 d since last dose | 70 419 (11.6) | … | 21 968 (31.2) | 15 161 (21.5) | 10 792 (15.3) | 8392 (11.9) | 14 106 (20.0) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA ≥150 d since last dose | 129 612 (21.4) | … | 41 057 (31.7) | 26 499 (20.4) | 19 947 (15.4) | 15 765 (12.2) | 26 344 (20.3) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA <120 d since last dose | 51 283 (8.5) | … | 18 669 (36.4) | 10 816 (21.1) | 7517 (14.7) | 5078 (9.9) | 9203 (17.9) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA ≥120 d since last dose | 35 190 (5.8) | … | 13 587 (38.6) | 7343 (20.9) | 4840 (13.8) | 3365 (9.6) | 6055 (17.2) |
| ȃOther Immunization combination | 63 985 (10.6) | … | 19 028 (29.7) | 13 315 (20.8) | 10 453 (16.3) | 8603 (13.4) | 12 586 (19.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃPositive | 107 993 (17.8) | 0.06 | 27 497 (25.5) | 21 304 (19.7) | 17 526 (16.2) | 15 920 (14.7) | 25 746 (23.8) |
| ȃNegative | 497 227 (82.2) | … | 141 895 (28.5) | 101 838 (20.5) | 78 787 (15.8) | 66 669 (13.4) | 108 038 (21.7) |
| Known historical positive SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃYes | 64 256 (10.6) | 0.069 | 15 624 (24.3) | 13 369 (20.8) | 11 315 (17.6) | 10 507 (16.4) | 13 441 (20.9) |
| ȃNo | 540 964 (89.4) | … | 153 768 (28.4) | 109 773 (20.3) | 84 998 (15.7) | 72 082 (13.3) | 120 343 (22.2) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; mRNA, messenger RNA; SARS-Cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SMD, standardized mean difference.
An absolute SMD ≥0.20 indicates a nonnegligible difference in variable distributions between emergency department and urgent care visits for different Social Vulnerability Index Groups. A single SMD was calculated by averaging the absolute SMDs obtained from pairwise comparisons of each SVI quartile category, excluding encounters without SVI due to missing geocoded data.
Unable to geocode or missing includes any patient encounters where the address was not provided or could not be geocoded.
Data from the BA.2 era (defined as the day after the BA.1 predominance period ended at each site (16–29 March 2022) through the last date of data collection at each site (26 June to 8 July 2022) was used for vaccination coverage only and was not included in VE analyses.
Baylor Scott & White Health (Texas).
HealthPartners (Minnesota and Wisconsin).
Intermountain Healthcare (Utah).
Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Oregon and Washington).
Paso Del Norte Health Information Exchange (Texas).
Regenstrief Institute (Indiana).
University of Colorado (Colorado).
Characteristics of Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters Among Adults With COVID-19–Like Illness by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) Quartile, 1 January 2021 to 8 July 2022
| . | . | . | SVI Quartile . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Overall (Col %) . | SMDa . | SVI Q1 (Row %) . | SVI Q2 (Row %) . | SVI Q3 (Row %) . | SVI Q4 (Row %) . | Unable to Geocode or Missingb (Row %) . |
| Total | 605 220 | … | 169 392 | 123 142 | 96 313 | 82 589 | 133 784 |
| Subvariant predominance era | |||||||
| ȃPre-Delta | 59 737 (10.0) | 0.066 | 15 842 (26.5) | 13 109 (21.9) | 9335 (15.6) | 7880 (13.2) | 13 571 (22.7) |
| ȃDelta | 271 795 (45.4) | … | 78 031 (28.7) | 55 280 (20.3) | 42 539 (15.7) | 34 495 (12.7) | 61 450 (22.6) |
| ȃBA.1 | 155 860 (26.0) | … | 41 235 (26.5) | 31 359 (20.1) | 25 862 (16.6) | 24 000 (15.4) | 33 404 (21.4) |
| ȃBA.2c | 111 263 (18.6) | … | 32 008 (28.8) | 22 089 (19.9) | 17 608 (15.8) | 15 441 (13.9) | 24 117 (21.7) |
| Site | |||||||
| ȃBSWHd | 104 474 (17.3) | 0.741 | 22 149 (21.2) | 19 907 (19.1) | 21 255 (20.3) | 26 948 (25.8) | 14 215 (13.6) |
| ȃHPe | 110 670 (18.3) | … | 53 327 (48.2) | 25 666 (23.2) | 13 693 (12.4) | 14 610 (13.2) | 3374 (3.0) |
| ȃIHf | 164 061 (27.1) | … | 57 513 (35.1) | 36 323 (22.1) | 27 994 (17.1) | 12 233 (7.5) | 29 998 (18.3) |
| ȃKPNWg | 61 437 (10.2) | … | 10 518 (17.1) | 15 222 (24.8) | 12 254 (19.9) | 8722 (14.2) | 14 721 (24.0) |
| ȃPHIXh | 9740 (1.6) | … | 276 (2.8) | 741 (7.6) | 1061 (10.9) | 2601 (26.7) | 5061 (52.0) |
| ȃRGNi | 104 707 (17.3) | … | 16 148 (15.4) | 20 763 (19.8) | 17 929 (17.1) | 15 452 (14.8) | 34 415 (32.9) |
| ȃUCOj | 50 131 (8.3) | … | 9461 (18.9) | 4520 (9.0) | 2127 (4.2) | 2023 (4.0) | 32 000 (63.8) |
| Age group | |||||||
| ȃ18–49 y | 314 953 (52.0) | 0.102 | 83 092 (26.4) | 62 192 (19.7) | 49 439 (15.7) | 44 352 (14.1) | 75 878 (24.1) |
| ȃ50–64 y | 124 176 (20.5) | … | 34 682 (27.9) | 24 919 (20.1) | 20 418 (16.4) | 18 509 (14.9) | 25 648 (20.7) |
| ȃ≥65 y | 166 085 (27.4) | … | 51 617 (31.1) | 36 031 (21.7) | 26 454 (15.9) | 19 728 (11.9) | 32 255 (19.4) |
| Sex | |||||||
| ȃMale | 244 463 (40.4) | 0.021 | 69 566 (28.5) | 49 783 (20.4) | 38 378 (15.7) | 32 458 (13.3) | 54 278 (22.2) |
| ȃFemale | 360 757 (59.6) | … | 99 826 (27.7) | 73 359 (20.3) | 57 935 (16.1) | 50 131 (13.9) | 79 506 (22.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| ȃNon-Hispanic White | 411 302 (68.0) | 0.505 | 137 529 (33.4) | 91 462 (22.2) | 62 318 (15.2) | 38 248 (9.3) | 81 745 (19.9) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Black | 59 521 (9.8) | … | 8561 (14.4) | 9938 (16.7) | 11 148 (18.7) | 20 376 (34.2) | 9498 (16.0) |
| ȃHispanic | 66 945 (11.1) | … | 10 560 (15.8) | 12 041 (18.0) | 14 560 (21.7) | 16 866 (25.2) | 12 918 (19.3) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Other | 36 713 (6.1) | … | 9793 (26.7) | 6973 (19.0) | 5726 (15.6) | 5122 (14.0) | 9099 (24.8) |
| ȃUnknown | 30 739 (5.1) | … | 2949 (9.6) | 2728 (8.9) | 2561 (8.3) | 1977 (6.4) | 20 524 (66.8) |
| Medicaid insurance | |||||||
| ȃNo | 471 396 (77.9) | 0.326 | 146 169 (31.0) | 96 818 (20.5) | 71 129 (15.1) | 53 261 (11.3) | 104 019 (22.1) |
| ȃYes | 123 383 (20.4) | … | 22 019 (17.8) | 24 577 (19.9) | 23 541 (19.1) | 28 072 (22.8) | 25 174 (20.4) |
| ȃMissing/Unknown | 10 441 (1.7) | … | 1204 (11.5) | 1747 (16.7) | 1643 (15.7) | 1256 (12.0) | 4591 (44.0) |
| Urban-rural classification of facility | |||||||
| ȃLarge central metro | 215 203 (35.6) | 0.377 | 72 208 (33.6) | 43 005 (20.0) | 36 814 (17.1) | 40 840 (19.0) | 22 336 (10.4) |
| ȃLarge fringe metro | 126 890 (21.0) | … | 37 784 (29.8) | 26 669 (21.0) | 17 722 (14.0) | 10 700 (8.4) | 34 015 (26.8) |
| ȃMedium metro | 130 405 (21.5) | … | 33 769 (25.9) | 24 778 (19.0) | 18 115 (13.9) | 14 450 (11.1) | 39 293 (30.1) |
| ȃSmall metro | 49 407 (8.2) | … | 10 623 (21.5) | 9854 (19.9) | 11 563 (23.4) | 7204 (14.6) | 10 163 (20.6) |
| ȃMicropolitan | 27 404 (4.5) | … | 6935 (25.3) | 8196 (29.9) | 4071 (14.9) | 2481 (9.1) | 5721 (20.9) |
| ȃNon-core | 15 867 (2.6) | … | 2044 (12.9) | 4598 (29.0) | 3436 (21.7) | 1943 (12.2) | 3846 (24.2) |
| ȃUnknown | 40 044 (6.6) | … | 6029 (15.1) | 6042 (15.1) | 4592 (11.5) | 4971 (12.4) | 18 410 (46.0) |
| Underlying respiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 493 424 (81.5) | 0.113 | 142 921 (29.0) | 99 690 (20.2) | 75 580 (15.3) | 63 858 (12.9) | 111 375 (22.6) |
| ȃYes | 111 796 (18.5) | … | 26 471 (23.7) | 23 452 (21.0) | 20 733 (18.5) | 18 731 (16.8) | 22 409 (20.0) |
| Underlying nonrespiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 426 794 (70.5) | 0.142 | 126 364 (29.6) | 85 221 (20.0) | 62 724 (14.7) | 52 585 (12.3) | 99 900 (23.4) |
| ȃYes | 178 426 (29.5) | … | 43 028 (24.1) | 37 921 (21.3) | 33 589 (18.8) | 30 004 (16.8) | 33 884 (19.0) |
| Any likely immunocompromised status | |||||||
| ȃNo | 574 942 (95.0) | 0.046 | 161 577 (28.1) | 116 659 (20.3) | 90 558 (15.8) | 77 661 (13.5) | 128 487 (22.3) |
| ȃYes | 30 278 (5.0) | … | 7815 (25.8) | 6483 (21.4) | 5755 (19.0) | 4928 (16.3) | 5297 (17.5) |
| Immunization status and days since last dose | |||||||
| ȃUnvaccinated (referent) | 254 731 (42.1) | 0.299 | 55 083 (21.6) | 50 008 (19.6) | 42 764 (16.8) | 41 386 (16.2) | 65 490 (25.7) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA <150 d since last dose | 70 419 (11.6) | … | 21 968 (31.2) | 15 161 (21.5) | 10 792 (15.3) | 8392 (11.9) | 14 106 (20.0) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA ≥150 d since last dose | 129 612 (21.4) | … | 41 057 (31.7) | 26 499 (20.4) | 19 947 (15.4) | 15 765 (12.2) | 26 344 (20.3) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA <120 d since last dose | 51 283 (8.5) | … | 18 669 (36.4) | 10 816 (21.1) | 7517 (14.7) | 5078 (9.9) | 9203 (17.9) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA ≥120 d since last dose | 35 190 (5.8) | … | 13 587 (38.6) | 7343 (20.9) | 4840 (13.8) | 3365 (9.6) | 6055 (17.2) |
| ȃOther Immunization combination | 63 985 (10.6) | … | 19 028 (29.7) | 13 315 (20.8) | 10 453 (16.3) | 8603 (13.4) | 12 586 (19.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃPositive | 107 993 (17.8) | 0.06 | 27 497 (25.5) | 21 304 (19.7) | 17 526 (16.2) | 15 920 (14.7) | 25 746 (23.8) |
| ȃNegative | 497 227 (82.2) | … | 141 895 (28.5) | 101 838 (20.5) | 78 787 (15.8) | 66 669 (13.4) | 108 038 (21.7) |
| Known historical positive SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃYes | 64 256 (10.6) | 0.069 | 15 624 (24.3) | 13 369 (20.8) | 11 315 (17.6) | 10 507 (16.4) | 13 441 (20.9) |
| ȃNo | 540 964 (89.4) | … | 153 768 (28.4) | 109 773 (20.3) | 84 998 (15.7) | 72 082 (13.3) | 120 343 (22.2) |
| . | . | . | SVI Quartile . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic . | Overall (Col %) . | SMDa . | SVI Q1 (Row %) . | SVI Q2 (Row %) . | SVI Q3 (Row %) . | SVI Q4 (Row %) . | Unable to Geocode or Missingb (Row %) . |
| Total | 605 220 | … | 169 392 | 123 142 | 96 313 | 82 589 | 133 784 |
| Subvariant predominance era | |||||||
| ȃPre-Delta | 59 737 (10.0) | 0.066 | 15 842 (26.5) | 13 109 (21.9) | 9335 (15.6) | 7880 (13.2) | 13 571 (22.7) |
| ȃDelta | 271 795 (45.4) | … | 78 031 (28.7) | 55 280 (20.3) | 42 539 (15.7) | 34 495 (12.7) | 61 450 (22.6) |
| ȃBA.1 | 155 860 (26.0) | … | 41 235 (26.5) | 31 359 (20.1) | 25 862 (16.6) | 24 000 (15.4) | 33 404 (21.4) |
| ȃBA.2c | 111 263 (18.6) | … | 32 008 (28.8) | 22 089 (19.9) | 17 608 (15.8) | 15 441 (13.9) | 24 117 (21.7) |
| Site | |||||||
| ȃBSWHd | 104 474 (17.3) | 0.741 | 22 149 (21.2) | 19 907 (19.1) | 21 255 (20.3) | 26 948 (25.8) | 14 215 (13.6) |
| ȃHPe | 110 670 (18.3) | … | 53 327 (48.2) | 25 666 (23.2) | 13 693 (12.4) | 14 610 (13.2) | 3374 (3.0) |
| ȃIHf | 164 061 (27.1) | … | 57 513 (35.1) | 36 323 (22.1) | 27 994 (17.1) | 12 233 (7.5) | 29 998 (18.3) |
| ȃKPNWg | 61 437 (10.2) | … | 10 518 (17.1) | 15 222 (24.8) | 12 254 (19.9) | 8722 (14.2) | 14 721 (24.0) |
| ȃPHIXh | 9740 (1.6) | … | 276 (2.8) | 741 (7.6) | 1061 (10.9) | 2601 (26.7) | 5061 (52.0) |
| ȃRGNi | 104 707 (17.3) | … | 16 148 (15.4) | 20 763 (19.8) | 17 929 (17.1) | 15 452 (14.8) | 34 415 (32.9) |
| ȃUCOj | 50 131 (8.3) | … | 9461 (18.9) | 4520 (9.0) | 2127 (4.2) | 2023 (4.0) | 32 000 (63.8) |
| Age group | |||||||
| ȃ18–49 y | 314 953 (52.0) | 0.102 | 83 092 (26.4) | 62 192 (19.7) | 49 439 (15.7) | 44 352 (14.1) | 75 878 (24.1) |
| ȃ50–64 y | 124 176 (20.5) | … | 34 682 (27.9) | 24 919 (20.1) | 20 418 (16.4) | 18 509 (14.9) | 25 648 (20.7) |
| ȃ≥65 y | 166 085 (27.4) | … | 51 617 (31.1) | 36 031 (21.7) | 26 454 (15.9) | 19 728 (11.9) | 32 255 (19.4) |
| Sex | |||||||
| ȃMale | 244 463 (40.4) | 0.021 | 69 566 (28.5) | 49 783 (20.4) | 38 378 (15.7) | 32 458 (13.3) | 54 278 (22.2) |
| ȃFemale | 360 757 (59.6) | … | 99 826 (27.7) | 73 359 (20.3) | 57 935 (16.1) | 50 131 (13.9) | 79 506 (22.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| ȃNon-Hispanic White | 411 302 (68.0) | 0.505 | 137 529 (33.4) | 91 462 (22.2) | 62 318 (15.2) | 38 248 (9.3) | 81 745 (19.9) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Black | 59 521 (9.8) | … | 8561 (14.4) | 9938 (16.7) | 11 148 (18.7) | 20 376 (34.2) | 9498 (16.0) |
| ȃHispanic | 66 945 (11.1) | … | 10 560 (15.8) | 12 041 (18.0) | 14 560 (21.7) | 16 866 (25.2) | 12 918 (19.3) |
| ȃNon-Hispanic Other | 36 713 (6.1) | … | 9793 (26.7) | 6973 (19.0) | 5726 (15.6) | 5122 (14.0) | 9099 (24.8) |
| ȃUnknown | 30 739 (5.1) | … | 2949 (9.6) | 2728 (8.9) | 2561 (8.3) | 1977 (6.4) | 20 524 (66.8) |
| Medicaid insurance | |||||||
| ȃNo | 471 396 (77.9) | 0.326 | 146 169 (31.0) | 96 818 (20.5) | 71 129 (15.1) | 53 261 (11.3) | 104 019 (22.1) |
| ȃYes | 123 383 (20.4) | … | 22 019 (17.8) | 24 577 (19.9) | 23 541 (19.1) | 28 072 (22.8) | 25 174 (20.4) |
| ȃMissing/Unknown | 10 441 (1.7) | … | 1204 (11.5) | 1747 (16.7) | 1643 (15.7) | 1256 (12.0) | 4591 (44.0) |
| Urban-rural classification of facility | |||||||
| ȃLarge central metro | 215 203 (35.6) | 0.377 | 72 208 (33.6) | 43 005 (20.0) | 36 814 (17.1) | 40 840 (19.0) | 22 336 (10.4) |
| ȃLarge fringe metro | 126 890 (21.0) | … | 37 784 (29.8) | 26 669 (21.0) | 17 722 (14.0) | 10 700 (8.4) | 34 015 (26.8) |
| ȃMedium metro | 130 405 (21.5) | … | 33 769 (25.9) | 24 778 (19.0) | 18 115 (13.9) | 14 450 (11.1) | 39 293 (30.1) |
| ȃSmall metro | 49 407 (8.2) | … | 10 623 (21.5) | 9854 (19.9) | 11 563 (23.4) | 7204 (14.6) | 10 163 (20.6) |
| ȃMicropolitan | 27 404 (4.5) | … | 6935 (25.3) | 8196 (29.9) | 4071 (14.9) | 2481 (9.1) | 5721 (20.9) |
| ȃNon-core | 15 867 (2.6) | … | 2044 (12.9) | 4598 (29.0) | 3436 (21.7) | 1943 (12.2) | 3846 (24.2) |
| ȃUnknown | 40 044 (6.6) | … | 6029 (15.1) | 6042 (15.1) | 4592 (11.5) | 4971 (12.4) | 18 410 (46.0) |
| Underlying respiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 493 424 (81.5) | 0.113 | 142 921 (29.0) | 99 690 (20.2) | 75 580 (15.3) | 63 858 (12.9) | 111 375 (22.6) |
| ȃYes | 111 796 (18.5) | … | 26 471 (23.7) | 23 452 (21.0) | 20 733 (18.5) | 18 731 (16.8) | 22 409 (20.0) |
| Underlying nonrespiratory condition at discharge | |||||||
| ȃNo | 426 794 (70.5) | 0.142 | 126 364 (29.6) | 85 221 (20.0) | 62 724 (14.7) | 52 585 (12.3) | 99 900 (23.4) |
| ȃYes | 178 426 (29.5) | … | 43 028 (24.1) | 37 921 (21.3) | 33 589 (18.8) | 30 004 (16.8) | 33 884 (19.0) |
| Any likely immunocompromised status | |||||||
| ȃNo | 574 942 (95.0) | 0.046 | 161 577 (28.1) | 116 659 (20.3) | 90 558 (15.8) | 77 661 (13.5) | 128 487 (22.3) |
| ȃYes | 30 278 (5.0) | … | 7815 (25.8) | 6483 (21.4) | 5755 (19.0) | 4928 (16.3) | 5297 (17.5) |
| Immunization status and days since last dose | |||||||
| ȃUnvaccinated (referent) | 254 731 (42.1) | 0.299 | 55 083 (21.6) | 50 008 (19.6) | 42 764 (16.8) | 41 386 (16.2) | 65 490 (25.7) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA <150 d since last dose | 70 419 (11.6) | … | 21 968 (31.2) | 15 161 (21.5) | 10 792 (15.3) | 8392 (11.9) | 14 106 (20.0) |
| ȃ2-dose mRNA ≥150 d since last dose | 129 612 (21.4) | … | 41 057 (31.7) | 26 499 (20.4) | 19 947 (15.4) | 15 765 (12.2) | 26 344 (20.3) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA <120 d since last dose | 51 283 (8.5) | … | 18 669 (36.4) | 10 816 (21.1) | 7517 (14.7) | 5078 (9.9) | 9203 (17.9) |
| ȃ3-dose mRNA ≥120 d since last dose | 35 190 (5.8) | … | 13 587 (38.6) | 7343 (20.9) | 4840 (13.8) | 3365 (9.6) | 6055 (17.2) |
| ȃOther Immunization combination | 63 985 (10.6) | … | 19 028 (29.7) | 13 315 (20.8) | 10 453 (16.3) | 8603 (13.4) | 12 586 (19.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃPositive | 107 993 (17.8) | 0.06 | 27 497 (25.5) | 21 304 (19.7) | 17 526 (16.2) | 15 920 (14.7) | 25 746 (23.8) |
| ȃNegative | 497 227 (82.2) | … | 141 895 (28.5) | 101 838 (20.5) | 78 787 (15.8) | 66 669 (13.4) | 108 038 (21.7) |
| Known historical positive SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||||
| ȃYes | 64 256 (10.6) | 0.069 | 15 624 (24.3) | 13 369 (20.8) | 11 315 (17.6) | 10 507 (16.4) | 13 441 (20.9) |
| ȃNo | 540 964 (89.4) | … | 153 768 (28.4) | 109 773 (20.3) | 84 998 (15.7) | 72 082 (13.3) | 120 343 (22.2) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; mRNA, messenger RNA; SARS-Cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SMD, standardized mean difference.
An absolute SMD ≥0.20 indicates a nonnegligible difference in variable distributions between emergency department and urgent care visits for different Social Vulnerability Index Groups. A single SMD was calculated by averaging the absolute SMDs obtained from pairwise comparisons of each SVI quartile category, excluding encounters without SVI due to missing geocoded data.
Unable to geocode or missing includes any patient encounters where the address was not provided or could not be geocoded.
Data from the BA.2 era (defined as the day after the BA.1 predominance period ended at each site (16–29 March 2022) through the last date of data collection at each site (26 June to 8 July 2022) was used for vaccination coverage only and was not included in VE analyses.
Baylor Scott & White Health (Texas).
HealthPartners (Minnesota and Wisconsin).
Intermountain Healthcare (Utah).
Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Oregon and Washington).
Paso Del Norte Health Information Exchange (Texas).
Regenstrief Institute (Indiana).
University of Colorado (Colorado).
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