| Characteristic . | Cases . | Test-Negative Controls . | Population Controls . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9116 | 1698 | 3708 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 49.0 (37–61) | 55.3 (41–65) | 52.2 (40–60) |
| Sex, % (n) | |||
| ȃFemale | 63.7 (5810) | 65.7 (1115) | 67.1 (2487) |
| ȃMale | 36.0 (3286) | 33.9 (576) | 32.8 (1215) |
| ȃOther | 0.2 (20) | 0.4 (7) | 0.1 (6) |
| Pregnancy, % (n) | 2.4 (70) | 1.3 (5) | 4.4 (42) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.71 (4.64) | 25.94 (4.79) | 25.76 (4.58) |
| Smoking, % (n) | |||
| ȃCurrent smoker | 5.3 (484) | 8.2 (139) | 7.4 (273) |
| ȃFormer smoker | 24.5 (2231) | 29.7 (505) | 20.1 (747) |
| ȃNever smoker | 66.6 (6075) | 58.5 (994) | 70.0 (2595) |
| Level of education, % (n) | |||
| ȃLow | 3.3 (303) | 2.1 (36) | 5.6 (208) |
| ȃMedian | 37.2 (3388) | 26.9 (456) | 40.9 (1515) |
| ȃHigh | 59.5 (5425) | 71.0 (1206) | 53.5 (1985) |
| History of COVID-19, % (n) | 9.4 (860) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| No. of comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| 0 | 48.4 (4413) | 40.2 (682) | 54.0 (2004) |
| ȃ1–2 | 41.6 (3792) | 43.8 (743) | 36.4 (1350) |
| ȃ>2 | 10.0 (911) | 16.1 (273) | 9.5 (354) |
| Respiratory disease, % (n) | 16.5 (1507) | 21.0 (356) | 10.9 (403) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 10.8 (989) | 14.7 (249) | 10.0 (370) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 2.8 (256) | 3.1 (53) | 3.2 (120) |
| Cardiovascular disease, % (n) | 1.8 (163) | 2.7 (45) | 1.5 (54) |
| Use of health care, % (n) | 10.7 (977) | 12.2 (207) | 6.0 (224) |
| Medication use, % (n) | 77.1 (7032) | 69.8 (1185) | 21.8 (808) |
| Admitted to hospital, % (n) | 0.1 (10) | 0.2 (3) | 0.6 (9) |
| Vaccination status at T0, % (n) | |||
| ȃFully vaccinated | 72.3 (6466) | 76.7 (1294) | 87.0 (3166) |
| ȃPartially vaccinated | 9.7 (868) | 5.9 (99) | 3.2 (116) |
| ȃUnvaccinated | 17.9 (1604) | 17.4 (294) | 9.8 (357) |
| Characteristic . | Cases . | Test-Negative Controls . | Population Controls . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9116 | 1698 | 3708 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 49.0 (37–61) | 55.3 (41–65) | 52.2 (40–60) |
| Sex, % (n) | |||
| ȃFemale | 63.7 (5810) | 65.7 (1115) | 67.1 (2487) |
| ȃMale | 36.0 (3286) | 33.9 (576) | 32.8 (1215) |
| ȃOther | 0.2 (20) | 0.4 (7) | 0.1 (6) |
| Pregnancy, % (n) | 2.4 (70) | 1.3 (5) | 4.4 (42) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.71 (4.64) | 25.94 (4.79) | 25.76 (4.58) |
| Smoking, % (n) | |||
| ȃCurrent smoker | 5.3 (484) | 8.2 (139) | 7.4 (273) |
| ȃFormer smoker | 24.5 (2231) | 29.7 (505) | 20.1 (747) |
| ȃNever smoker | 66.6 (6075) | 58.5 (994) | 70.0 (2595) |
| Level of education, % (n) | |||
| ȃLow | 3.3 (303) | 2.1 (36) | 5.6 (208) |
| ȃMedian | 37.2 (3388) | 26.9 (456) | 40.9 (1515) |
| ȃHigh | 59.5 (5425) | 71.0 (1206) | 53.5 (1985) |
| History of COVID-19, % (n) | 9.4 (860) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| No. of comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| 0 | 48.4 (4413) | 40.2 (682) | 54.0 (2004) |
| ȃ1–2 | 41.6 (3792) | 43.8 (743) | 36.4 (1350) |
| ȃ>2 | 10.0 (911) | 16.1 (273) | 9.5 (354) |
| Respiratory disease, % (n) | 16.5 (1507) | 21.0 (356) | 10.9 (403) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 10.8 (989) | 14.7 (249) | 10.0 (370) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 2.8 (256) | 3.1 (53) | 3.2 (120) |
| Cardiovascular disease, % (n) | 1.8 (163) | 2.7 (45) | 1.5 (54) |
| Use of health care, % (n) | 10.7 (977) | 12.2 (207) | 6.0 (224) |
| Medication use, % (n) | 77.1 (7032) | 69.8 (1185) | 21.8 (808) |
| Admitted to hospital, % (n) | 0.1 (10) | 0.2 (3) | 0.6 (9) |
| Vaccination status at T0, % (n) | |||
| ȃFully vaccinated | 72.3 (6466) | 76.7 (1294) | 87.0 (3166) |
| ȃPartially vaccinated | 9.7 (868) | 5.9 (99) | 3.2 (116) |
| ȃUnvaccinated | 17.9 (1604) | 17.4 (294) | 9.8 (357) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range.
| Characteristic . | Cases . | Test-Negative Controls . | Population Controls . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9116 | 1698 | 3708 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 49.0 (37–61) | 55.3 (41–65) | 52.2 (40–60) |
| Sex, % (n) | |||
| ȃFemale | 63.7 (5810) | 65.7 (1115) | 67.1 (2487) |
| ȃMale | 36.0 (3286) | 33.9 (576) | 32.8 (1215) |
| ȃOther | 0.2 (20) | 0.4 (7) | 0.1 (6) |
| Pregnancy, % (n) | 2.4 (70) | 1.3 (5) | 4.4 (42) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.71 (4.64) | 25.94 (4.79) | 25.76 (4.58) |
| Smoking, % (n) | |||
| ȃCurrent smoker | 5.3 (484) | 8.2 (139) | 7.4 (273) |
| ȃFormer smoker | 24.5 (2231) | 29.7 (505) | 20.1 (747) |
| ȃNever smoker | 66.6 (6075) | 58.5 (994) | 70.0 (2595) |
| Level of education, % (n) | |||
| ȃLow | 3.3 (303) | 2.1 (36) | 5.6 (208) |
| ȃMedian | 37.2 (3388) | 26.9 (456) | 40.9 (1515) |
| ȃHigh | 59.5 (5425) | 71.0 (1206) | 53.5 (1985) |
| History of COVID-19, % (n) | 9.4 (860) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| No. of comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| 0 | 48.4 (4413) | 40.2 (682) | 54.0 (2004) |
| ȃ1–2 | 41.6 (3792) | 43.8 (743) | 36.4 (1350) |
| ȃ>2 | 10.0 (911) | 16.1 (273) | 9.5 (354) |
| Respiratory disease, % (n) | 16.5 (1507) | 21.0 (356) | 10.9 (403) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 10.8 (989) | 14.7 (249) | 10.0 (370) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 2.8 (256) | 3.1 (53) | 3.2 (120) |
| Cardiovascular disease, % (n) | 1.8 (163) | 2.7 (45) | 1.5 (54) |
| Use of health care, % (n) | 10.7 (977) | 12.2 (207) | 6.0 (224) |
| Medication use, % (n) | 77.1 (7032) | 69.8 (1185) | 21.8 (808) |
| Admitted to hospital, % (n) | 0.1 (10) | 0.2 (3) | 0.6 (9) |
| Vaccination status at T0, % (n) | |||
| ȃFully vaccinated | 72.3 (6466) | 76.7 (1294) | 87.0 (3166) |
| ȃPartially vaccinated | 9.7 (868) | 5.9 (99) | 3.2 (116) |
| ȃUnvaccinated | 17.9 (1604) | 17.4 (294) | 9.8 (357) |
| Characteristic . | Cases . | Test-Negative Controls . | Population Controls . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9116 | 1698 | 3708 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 49.0 (37–61) | 55.3 (41–65) | 52.2 (40–60) |
| Sex, % (n) | |||
| ȃFemale | 63.7 (5810) | 65.7 (1115) | 67.1 (2487) |
| ȃMale | 36.0 (3286) | 33.9 (576) | 32.8 (1215) |
| ȃOther | 0.2 (20) | 0.4 (7) | 0.1 (6) |
| Pregnancy, % (n) | 2.4 (70) | 1.3 (5) | 4.4 (42) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.71 (4.64) | 25.94 (4.79) | 25.76 (4.58) |
| Smoking, % (n) | |||
| ȃCurrent smoker | 5.3 (484) | 8.2 (139) | 7.4 (273) |
| ȃFormer smoker | 24.5 (2231) | 29.7 (505) | 20.1 (747) |
| ȃNever smoker | 66.6 (6075) | 58.5 (994) | 70.0 (2595) |
| Level of education, % (n) | |||
| ȃLow | 3.3 (303) | 2.1 (36) | 5.6 (208) |
| ȃMedian | 37.2 (3388) | 26.9 (456) | 40.9 (1515) |
| ȃHigh | 59.5 (5425) | 71.0 (1206) | 53.5 (1985) |
| History of COVID-19, % (n) | 9.4 (860) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
| No. of comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| 0 | 48.4 (4413) | 40.2 (682) | 54.0 (2004) |
| ȃ1–2 | 41.6 (3792) | 43.8 (743) | 36.4 (1350) |
| ȃ>2 | 10.0 (911) | 16.1 (273) | 9.5 (354) |
| Respiratory disease, % (n) | 16.5 (1507) | 21.0 (356) | 10.9 (403) |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 10.8 (989) | 14.7 (249) | 10.0 (370) |
| Diabetes, % (n) | 2.8 (256) | 3.1 (53) | 3.2 (120) |
| Cardiovascular disease, % (n) | 1.8 (163) | 2.7 (45) | 1.5 (54) |
| Use of health care, % (n) | 10.7 (977) | 12.2 (207) | 6.0 (224) |
| Medication use, % (n) | 77.1 (7032) | 69.8 (1185) | 21.8 (808) |
| Admitted to hospital, % (n) | 0.1 (10) | 0.2 (3) | 0.6 (9) |
| Vaccination status at T0, % (n) | |||
| ȃFully vaccinated | 72.3 (6466) | 76.7 (1294) | 87.0 (3166) |
| ȃPartially vaccinated | 9.7 (868) | 5.9 (99) | 3.2 (116) |
| ȃUnvaccinated | 17.9 (1604) | 17.4 (294) | 9.8 (357) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range.
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