Table 3. Open in new tab Within-pair...

	Model 1			Model 2
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 764)
Abstainer	1.12	[0.66, 1.90]	.67	1.74	[0.52, 5.83]	.37
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	0.97	[0.65, 1.44]	.86	1.23	[0.65, 2.32]	.52
Heavy	1.99	[1.17, 3.38]	.011	2.12	[1.00, 4.51]	.050
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.70	[1.16, 2.47]	.0059	1.67	[0.98, 2.85]	.061
1981 (N = 916)
Abstainer	1.39	[0.81, 2.38]	.23	2.62	[0.81, 8.47]	.11
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.25	[0.87, 1.78]	.23	1.72	[0.97, 3.04]	.063
Heavy	2.04	[1.31, 3.18]	.0016	2.58	[1.24, 5.36]	.012
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.75	[1.24, 2.47]	.0014	1.71	[1.01, 2.91]	.046
1990 (N = 1236)
Abstainer	1.28	[0.83, 1.97]	.27	0.98	[0.37, 2.60]	.97
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.13	[0.84, 1.52]	0.43	1.22	[0.73, 2.04]	0.45
Heavy	2.65	[1.78, 3.95]	<0.001	2.45	[1.33, 4.51]	0.0040
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.01	[1.48, 2.72]	<.001	2.05	[1.27, 3.30]	.0033
2011 (N = 1372)
Abstainer	1.35	[0.87, 2.10]	.19	1.43	[0.59, 3.48]	.43
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.39	[1.03, 1.87]	.032	1.31	[0.75, 2.31]	.35
Heavy	1.74	[1.23, 2.45]	.0016	1.80	[1.01, 3.20]	.048
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.69	[1.25, 2.30]	<.001	1.38	[0.86, 2.24]	.19
Short sleep
1975 (N = 1186)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.62, 1.81]	.84	0.89	[0.38, 2.11]	.80
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.28	[0.93, 1.76]	.13	1.47	[0.92, 2.36]	.11
Heavy	2.56	[1.64, 4.00]	<.001	3.16	[1.65, 6.05]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.38	[1.04, 1.84]	.026	1.00	[0.69, 1.46]	.98
1981 (N = 1530)
Abstainer	0.99	[0.66, 1.50]	.98	1.24	[0.61, 2.52]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.16	[0.89, 1.51]	.28	0.94	[0.66, 1.35]	.76
Heavy	1.76	[1.18, 2.65]	.0061	1.32	[0.78, 2.26]	.30
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.25	[0.95, 1.63]	.11	1.15	[0.80, 1.66]	.46
1990 (N = 1110)
Abstainer	0.74	[0.47, 1.18]	.21	0.36	[0.091, 1.39]	.14
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.04	[0.78, 1.40]	.78	0.89	[0.55, 1.43]	.62
Heavy	1.42	[0.92, 2.19]	.11	1.11	[0.59, 2.09]	.74
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.37	[0.99, 1.90]	.055	1.54	[0.98, 2.41]	.059
2011 (N = 1328)
Abstainer	1.38	[0.86, 2.23]	.19	0.94	[0.35, 2.51]	.90
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.17	[0.89, 1.54]	.25	1.12	[0.69, 1.82]	.64
Heavy	1.36	[0.95, 1.93]	.091	1.14	[0.64, 2.04]	.66
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.15	[0.90, 1.47]	.27	1.14	[0.71, 1.84]	.58

Model 1

Model 2

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Poor sleep

1975 (N = 764)

Abstainer

1.12

[0.66, 1.90]

.67

1.74

[0.52, 5.83]

.37

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

0.97

[0.65, 1.44]

.86

1.23

[0.65, 2.32]

.52

Heavy

1.99

[1.17, 3.38]

.011

2.12

[1.00, 4.51]

.050

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.70

[1.16, 2.47]

.0059

1.67

[0.98, 2.85]

.061

1981 (N = 916)

Abstainer

1.39

[0.81, 2.38]

.23

2.62

[0.81, 8.47]

.11

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.25

[0.87, 1.78]

.23

1.72

[0.97, 3.04]

.063

Heavy

2.04

[1.31, 3.18]

.0016

2.58

[1.24, 5.36]

.012

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.75

[1.24, 2.47]

.0014

1.71

[1.01, 2.91]

.046

1990 (N = 1236)

Abstainer

1.28

[0.83, 1.97]

.27

0.98

[0.37, 2.60]

.97

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.13

[0.84, 1.52]

0.43

1.22

[0.73, 2.04]

0.45

Heavy

2.65

[1.78, 3.95]

<0.001

2.45

[1.33, 4.51]

0.0040

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.01

[1.48, 2.72]

<.001

2.05

[1.27, 3.30]

.0033

2011 (N = 1372)

Abstainer

1.35

[0.87, 2.10]

.19

1.43

[0.59, 3.48]

.43

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.39

[1.03, 1.87]

.032

1.31

[0.75, 2.31]

.35

Heavy

1.74

[1.23, 2.45]

.0016

1.80

[1.01, 3.20]

.048

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.69

[1.25, 2.30]

<.001

1.38

[0.86, 2.24]

.19

Short sleep

1975 (N = 1186)

Abstainer

1.06

[0.62, 1.81]

.84

0.89

[0.38, 2.11]

.80

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.28

[0.93, 1.76]

.13

1.47

[0.92, 2.36]

.11

Heavy

2.56

[1.64, 4.00]

<.001

3.16

[1.65, 6.05]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.38

[1.04, 1.84]

.026

1.00

[0.69, 1.46]

.98

1981 (N = 1530)

Abstainer

0.99

[0.66, 1.50]

.98

1.24

[0.61, 2.52]

.55

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.16

[0.89, 1.51]

.28

0.94

[0.66, 1.35]

.76

Heavy

1.76

[1.18, 2.65]

.0061

1.32

[0.78, 2.26]

.30

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.25

[0.95, 1.63]

.11

1.15

[0.80, 1.66]

.46

1990 (N = 1110)

Abstainer

0.74

[0.47, 1.18]

.21

0.36

[0.091, 1.39]

.14

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.04

[0.78, 1.40]

.78

0.89

[0.55, 1.43]

.62

Heavy

1.42

[0.92, 2.19]

.11

1.11

[0.59, 2.09]

.74

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.37

[0.99, 1.90]

.055

1.54

[0.98, 2.41]

.059

2011 (N = 1328)

Abstainer

1.38

[0.86, 2.23]

.19

0.94

[0.35, 2.51]

.90

Light

1.00 (baseline)

Moderate

1.17

[0.89, 1.54]

.25

1.12

[0.69, 1.82]

.64

Heavy

1.36

[0.95, 1.93]

.091

1.14

[0.64, 2.04]

.66

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.15

[0.90, 1.47]

.27

1.14

[0.71, 1.84]

.58

	Model 1			Model 2
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 764)
Abstainer	1.12	[0.66, 1.90]	.67	1.74	[0.52, 5.83]	.37
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	0.97	[0.65, 1.44]	.86	1.23	[0.65, 2.32]	.52
Heavy	1.99	[1.17, 3.38]	.011	2.12	[1.00, 4.51]	.050
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.70	[1.16, 2.47]	.0059	1.67	[0.98, 2.85]	.061
1981 (N = 916)
Abstainer	1.39	[0.81, 2.38]	.23	2.62	[0.81, 8.47]	.11
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.25	[0.87, 1.78]	.23	1.72	[0.97, 3.04]	.063
Heavy	2.04	[1.31, 3.18]	.0016	2.58	[1.24, 5.36]	.012
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.75	[1.24, 2.47]	.0014	1.71	[1.01, 2.91]	.046
1990 (N = 1236)
Abstainer	1.28	[0.83, 1.97]	.27	0.98	[0.37, 2.60]	.97
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.13	[0.84, 1.52]	0.43	1.22	[0.73, 2.04]	0.45
Heavy	2.65	[1.78, 3.95]	<0.001	2.45	[1.33, 4.51]	0.0040
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.01	[1.48, 2.72]	<.001	2.05	[1.27, 3.30]	.0033
2011 (N = 1372)
Abstainer	1.35	[0.87, 2.10]	.19	1.43	[0.59, 3.48]	.43
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.39	[1.03, 1.87]	.032	1.31	[0.75, 2.31]	.35
Heavy	1.74	[1.23, 2.45]	.0016	1.80	[1.01, 3.20]	.048
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.69	[1.25, 2.30]	<.001	1.38	[0.86, 2.24]	.19
Short sleep
1975 (N = 1186)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.62, 1.81]	.84	0.89	[0.38, 2.11]	.80
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.28	[0.93, 1.76]	.13	1.47	[0.92, 2.36]	.11
Heavy	2.56	[1.64, 4.00]	<.001	3.16	[1.65, 6.05]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.38	[1.04, 1.84]	.026	1.00	[0.69, 1.46]	.98
1981 (N = 1530)
Abstainer	0.99	[0.66, 1.50]	.98	1.24	[0.61, 2.52]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.16	[0.89, 1.51]	.28	0.94	[0.66, 1.35]	.76
Heavy	1.76	[1.18, 2.65]	.0061	1.32	[0.78, 2.26]	.30
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.25	[0.95, 1.63]	.11	1.15	[0.80, 1.66]	.46
1990 (N = 1110)
Abstainer	0.74	[0.47, 1.18]	.21	0.36	[0.091, 1.39]	.14
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.04	[0.78, 1.40]	.78	0.89	[0.55, 1.43]	.62
Heavy	1.42	[0.92, 2.19]	.11	1.11	[0.59, 2.09]	.74
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.37	[0.99, 1.90]	.055	1.54	[0.98, 2.41]	.059
2011 (N = 1328)
Abstainer	1.38	[0.86, 2.23]	.19	0.94	[0.35, 2.51]	.90
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.17	[0.89, 1.54]	.25	1.12	[0.69, 1.82]	.64
Heavy	1.36	[0.95, 1.93]	.091	1.14	[0.64, 2.04]	.66
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.15	[0.90, 1.47]	.27	1.14	[0.71, 1.84]	.58

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Within-pair associations including both mono- and dizygotic twins.

	Model 1			Model 2
	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 764)
Abstainer	1.12	[0.66, 1.90]	.67	1.74	[0.52, 5.83]	.37
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	0.97	[0.65, 1.44]	.86	1.23	[0.65, 2.32]	.52
Heavy	1.99	[1.17, 3.38]	.011	2.12	[1.00, 4.51]	.050
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.70	[1.16, 2.47]	.0059	1.67	[0.98, 2.85]	.061
1981 (N = 916)
Abstainer	1.39	[0.81, 2.38]	.23	2.62	[0.81, 8.47]	.11
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.25	[0.87, 1.78]	.23	1.72	[0.97, 3.04]	.063
Heavy	2.04	[1.31, 3.18]	.0016	2.58	[1.24, 5.36]	.012
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.75	[1.24, 2.47]	.0014	1.71	[1.01, 2.91]	.046
1990 (N = 1236)
Abstainer	1.28	[0.83, 1.97]	.27	0.98	[0.37, 2.60]	.97
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.13	[0.84, 1.52]	0.43	1.22	[0.73, 2.04]	0.45
Heavy	2.65	[1.78, 3.95]	<0.001	2.45	[1.33, 4.51]	0.0040
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.01	[1.48, 2.72]	<.001	2.05	[1.27, 3.30]	.0033
2011 (N = 1372)
Abstainer	1.35	[0.87, 2.10]	.19	1.43	[0.59, 3.48]	.43
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.39	[1.03, 1.87]	.032	1.31	[0.75, 2.31]	.35
Heavy	1.74	[1.23, 2.45]	.0016	1.80	[1.01, 3.20]	.048
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.69	[1.25, 2.30]	<.001	1.38	[0.86, 2.24]	.19
Short sleep
1975 (N = 1186)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.62, 1.81]	.84	0.89	[0.38, 2.11]	.80
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.28	[0.93, 1.76]	.13	1.47	[0.92, 2.36]	.11
Heavy	2.56	[1.64, 4.00]	<.001	3.16	[1.65, 6.05]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.38	[1.04, 1.84]	.026	1.00	[0.69, 1.46]	.98
1981 (N = 1530)
Abstainer	0.99	[0.66, 1.50]	.98	1.24	[0.61, 2.52]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.16	[0.89, 1.51]	.28	0.94	[0.66, 1.35]	.76
Heavy	1.76	[1.18, 2.65]	.0061	1.32	[0.78, 2.26]	.30
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.25	[0.95, 1.63]	.11	1.15	[0.80, 1.66]	.46
1990 (N = 1110)
Abstainer	0.74	[0.47, 1.18]	.21	0.36	[0.091, 1.39]	.14
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.04	[0.78, 1.40]	.78	0.89	[0.55, 1.43]	.62
Heavy	1.42	[0.92, 2.19]	.11	1.11	[0.59, 2.09]	.74
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.37	[0.99, 1.90]	.055	1.54	[0.98, 2.41]	.059
2011 (N = 1328)
Abstainer	1.38	[0.86, 2.23]	.19	0.94	[0.35, 2.51]	.90
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.17	[0.89, 1.54]	.25	1.12	[0.69, 1.82]	.64
Heavy	1.36	[0.95, 1.93]	.091	1.14	[0.64, 2.04]	.66
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.15	[0.90, 1.47]	.27	1.14	[0.71, 1.84]	.58

	Model 1			Model 2
	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 764)
Abstainer	1.12	[0.66, 1.90]	.67	1.74	[0.52, 5.83]	.37
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	0.97	[0.65, 1.44]	.86	1.23	[0.65, 2.32]	.52
Heavy	1.99	[1.17, 3.38]	.011	2.12	[1.00, 4.51]	.050
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.70	[1.16, 2.47]	.0059	1.67	[0.98, 2.85]	.061
1981 (N = 916)
Abstainer	1.39	[0.81, 2.38]	.23	2.62	[0.81, 8.47]	.11
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.25	[0.87, 1.78]	.23	1.72	[0.97, 3.04]	.063
Heavy	2.04	[1.31, 3.18]	.0016	2.58	[1.24, 5.36]	.012
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.75	[1.24, 2.47]	.0014	1.71	[1.01, 2.91]	.046
1990 (N = 1236)
Abstainer	1.28	[0.83, 1.97]	.27	0.98	[0.37, 2.60]	.97
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.13	[0.84, 1.52]	0.43	1.22	[0.73, 2.04]	0.45
Heavy	2.65	[1.78, 3.95]	<0.001	2.45	[1.33, 4.51]	0.0040
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.01	[1.48, 2.72]	<.001	2.05	[1.27, 3.30]	.0033
2011 (N = 1372)
Abstainer	1.35	[0.87, 2.10]	.19	1.43	[0.59, 3.48]	.43
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.39	[1.03, 1.87]	.032	1.31	[0.75, 2.31]	.35
Heavy	1.74	[1.23, 2.45]	.0016	1.80	[1.01, 3.20]	.048
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.69	[1.25, 2.30]	<.001	1.38	[0.86, 2.24]	.19
Short sleep
1975 (N = 1186)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.62, 1.81]	.84	0.89	[0.38, 2.11]	.80
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.28	[0.93, 1.76]	.13	1.47	[0.92, 2.36]	.11
Heavy	2.56	[1.64, 4.00]	<.001	3.16	[1.65, 6.05]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.38	[1.04, 1.84]	.026	1.00	[0.69, 1.46]	.98
1981 (N = 1530)
Abstainer	0.99	[0.66, 1.50]	.98	1.24	[0.61, 2.52]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.16	[0.89, 1.51]	.28	0.94	[0.66, 1.35]	.76
Heavy	1.76	[1.18, 2.65]	.0061	1.32	[0.78, 2.26]	.30
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.25	[0.95, 1.63]	.11	1.15	[0.80, 1.66]	.46
1990 (N = 1110)
Abstainer	0.74	[0.47, 1.18]	.21	0.36	[0.091, 1.39]	.14
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.04	[0.78, 1.40]	.78	0.89	[0.55, 1.43]	.62
Heavy	1.42	[0.92, 2.19]	.11	1.11	[0.59, 2.09]	.74
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.37	[0.99, 1.90]	.055	1.54	[0.98, 2.41]	.059
2011 (N = 1328)
Abstainer	1.38	[0.86, 2.23]	.19	0.94	[0.35, 2.51]	.90
Light	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Moderate	1.17	[0.89, 1.54]	.25	1.12	[0.69, 1.82]	.64
Heavy	1.36	[0.95, 1.93]	.091	1.14	[0.64, 2.04]	.66
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.15	[0.90, 1.47]	.27	1.14	[0.71, 1.84]	.58

Model 1 includes sex and age as covariates, whereas Model 2 was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking and life satisfaction. Statistically significant (p < .05) associations are highlighted in red.

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