Table 2. Open in new tab Cross-sectional...

	Model 1			Model 2
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 12 485)
Abstainer	0.94	[0.68, 1.29]	.70	1.20	[0.66, 2.16]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.29	[1.03, 1.60]	.025	1.27	[0.93, 1.74]	.13
Heavy	2.93	[2.31, 3.72]	<.001	2.33	[1.69, 3.22]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.13	[1.77, 2.58]	<.001	1.67	[1.31, 2.13]	<.001
1981 (N = 12 175)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.80, 1.40]	.68	1.39	[0.92, 2.10]	.12
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.30	[1.07, 1.58]	.0082	1.04	[0.81, 1.33]	.78
Heavy	3.37	[2.74, 4.14]	<.001	2.12	[1.63, 2.77]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.19	[1.85, 2.59]	<.001	1.56	[1.26, 1.92]	<.001
1990 (N = 7700)
Abstainer	1.24	[1.00, 1.55]	.051	1.59	[1.09, 2.32]	.017
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.25	[1.06, 1.47]	.0084	1.29	[1.01, 1.64]	.039
Heavy	3.02	[2.51, 3.62]	<.001	2.66	[2.06, 3.43]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.26	[1.96, 2.60]	<.001	1.93	[1.60, 2.34]	<.001
2011 (N = 8304)
Abstainer	1.28	[1.03, 1.60]	.029	1.11	[0.77, 1.58]	.58
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.06	[0.92, 1.22]	.45	1.16	[0.94, 1.44]	.17
Heavy	1.78	[1.53, 2.07]	<.001	1.76	[1.42, 2.19]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.61	[1.37, 1.88]	<.001	1.55	[1.31, 1.85]	<.001
Short sleep
1975 (N = 10 585)
Abstainer	0.86	[0.67, 1.12]	.26	1.55	[1.04, 2.31]	.030
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.26	[1.07, 1.49]	.0057	1.00	[0.82, 1.23]	.97
Heavy	2.14	[1.75, 2.60]	<.001	1.27	[0.99, 1.61]	.055
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.71	[1.47, 1.97]	<.001	1.14	[0.95, 1.36]	.17
1981 (N = 10 001)
Abstainer	0.93	[0.76, 1.15]	.51	1.038	[0.74, 1.45]	.83
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.18	[1.03, 1.35]	.016	0.97	[0.81, 1.14]	.69
Heavy	1.84	[1.56, 2.18]	<.001	1.31	[1.07, 1.61]	.0080
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.45	[1.28, 1.64]	<.001	1.14	[0.98, 1.32]	.086
1990 (N = 6590)
Abstainer	0.91	[0.73, 1.13]	.38	0.91	[0.62, 1.34]	.64
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	0.97	[0.83, 1.13]	.66	0.84	[0.68, 1.04]	.11
Heavy	1.41	[1.17, 1.69]	<.001	0.98	[0.77, 1.25]	.87
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.46	[1.27, 1.68]	<.001	1.09	[0.90, 1.32]	.36
2011 (N = 7206)
Abstainer	1.29	[1.04, 1.60]	.021	1.19	[0.85, 1.66]	.30
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.00	[0.87, 1.14]	.96	1.03	[0.85, 1.26]	.75
Heavy	1.26	[1.08, 1.47]	.0033	1.20	[0.97, 1.48]	.086
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.34	[1.19, 1.50]	<.001	1.19	[1.01, 1.40]	.038

Model 1

Model 2

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Poor sleep

1975 (N = 12 485)

Abstainer

0.94

[0.68, 1.29]

.70

1.20

[0.66, 2.16]

.55

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.29

[1.03, 1.60]

.025

1.27

[0.93, 1.74]

.13

Heavy

2.93

[2.31, 3.72]

<.001

2.33

[1.69, 3.22]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.13

[1.77, 2.58]

<.001

1.67

[1.31, 2.13]

<.001

1981 (N = 12 175)

Abstainer

1.06

[0.80, 1.40]

.68

1.39

[0.92, 2.10]

.12

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.30

[1.07, 1.58]

.0082

1.04

[0.81, 1.33]

.78

Heavy

3.37

[2.74, 4.14]

<.001

2.12

[1.63, 2.77]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.19

[1.85, 2.59]

<.001

1.56

[1.26, 1.92]

<.001

1990 (N = 7700)

Abstainer

1.24

[1.00, 1.55]

.051

1.59

[1.09, 2.32]

.017

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.25

[1.06, 1.47]

.0084

1.29

[1.01, 1.64]

.039

Heavy

3.02

[2.51, 3.62]

<.001

2.66

[2.06, 3.43]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.26

[1.96, 2.60]

<.001

1.93

[1.60, 2.34]

<.001

2011 (N = 8304)

Abstainer

1.28

[1.03, 1.60]

.029

1.11

[0.77, 1.58]

.58

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.06

[0.92, 1.22]

.45

1.16

[0.94, 1.44]

.17

Heavy

1.78

[1.53, 2.07]

<.001

1.76

[1.42, 2.19]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.61

[1.37, 1.88]

<.001

1.55

[1.31, 1.85]

<.001

Short sleep

1975 (N = 10 585)

Abstainer

0.86

[0.67, 1.12]

.26

1.55

[1.04, 2.31]

.030

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.26

[1.07, 1.49]

.0057

1.00

[0.82, 1.23]

.97

Heavy

2.14

[1.75, 2.60]

<.001

1.27

[0.99, 1.61]

.055

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.71

[1.47, 1.97]

<.001

1.14

[0.95, 1.36]

.17

1981 (N = 10 001)

Abstainer

0.93

[0.76, 1.15]

.51

1.038

[0.74, 1.45]

.83

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.18

[1.03, 1.35]

.016

0.97

[0.81, 1.14]

.69

Heavy

1.84

[1.56, 2.18]

<.001

1.31

[1.07, 1.61]

.0080

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.45

[1.28, 1.64]

<.001

1.14

[0.98, 1.32]

.086

1990 (N = 6590)

Abstainer

0.91

[0.73, 1.13]

.38

0.91

[0.62, 1.34]

.64

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

0.97

[0.83, 1.13]

.66

0.84

[0.68, 1.04]

.11

Heavy

1.41

[1.17, 1.69]

<.001

0.98

[0.77, 1.25]

.87

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.46

[1.27, 1.68]

<.001

1.09

[0.90, 1.32]

.36

2011 (N = 7206)

Abstainer

1.29

[1.04, 1.60]

.021

1.19

[0.85, 1.66]

.30

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.00

[0.87, 1.14]

.96

1.03

[0.85, 1.26]

.75

Heavy

1.26

[1.08, 1.47]

.0033

1.20

[0.97, 1.48]

.086

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.34

[1.19, 1.50]

<.001

1.19

[1.01, 1.40]

.038

	Model 1			Model 2
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 12 485)
Abstainer	0.94	[0.68, 1.29]	.70	1.20	[0.66, 2.16]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.29	[1.03, 1.60]	.025	1.27	[0.93, 1.74]	.13
Heavy	2.93	[2.31, 3.72]	<.001	2.33	[1.69, 3.22]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.13	[1.77, 2.58]	<.001	1.67	[1.31, 2.13]	<.001
1981 (N = 12 175)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.80, 1.40]	.68	1.39	[0.92, 2.10]	.12
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.30	[1.07, 1.58]	.0082	1.04	[0.81, 1.33]	.78
Heavy	3.37	[2.74, 4.14]	<.001	2.12	[1.63, 2.77]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.19	[1.85, 2.59]	<.001	1.56	[1.26, 1.92]	<.001
1990 (N = 7700)
Abstainer	1.24	[1.00, 1.55]	.051	1.59	[1.09, 2.32]	.017
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.25	[1.06, 1.47]	.0084	1.29	[1.01, 1.64]	.039
Heavy	3.02	[2.51, 3.62]	<.001	2.66	[2.06, 3.43]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.26	[1.96, 2.60]	<.001	1.93	[1.60, 2.34]	<.001
2011 (N = 8304)
Abstainer	1.28	[1.03, 1.60]	.029	1.11	[0.77, 1.58]	.58
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.06	[0.92, 1.22]	.45	1.16	[0.94, 1.44]	.17
Heavy	1.78	[1.53, 2.07]	<.001	1.76	[1.42, 2.19]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.61	[1.37, 1.88]	<.001	1.55	[1.31, 1.85]	<.001
Short sleep
1975 (N = 10 585)
Abstainer	0.86	[0.67, 1.12]	.26	1.55	[1.04, 2.31]	.030
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.26	[1.07, 1.49]	.0057	1.00	[0.82, 1.23]	.97
Heavy	2.14	[1.75, 2.60]	<.001	1.27	[0.99, 1.61]	.055
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.71	[1.47, 1.97]	<.001	1.14	[0.95, 1.36]	.17
1981 (N = 10 001)
Abstainer	0.93	[0.76, 1.15]	.51	1.038	[0.74, 1.45]	.83
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.18	[1.03, 1.35]	.016	0.97	[0.81, 1.14]	.69
Heavy	1.84	[1.56, 2.18]	<.001	1.31	[1.07, 1.61]	.0080
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.45	[1.28, 1.64]	<.001	1.14	[0.98, 1.32]	.086
1990 (N = 6590)
Abstainer	0.91	[0.73, 1.13]	.38	0.91	[0.62, 1.34]	.64
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	0.97	[0.83, 1.13]	.66	0.84	[0.68, 1.04]	.11
Heavy	1.41	[1.17, 1.69]	<.001	0.98	[0.77, 1.25]	.87
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.46	[1.27, 1.68]	<.001	1.09	[0.90, 1.32]	.36
2011 (N = 7206)
Abstainer	1.29	[1.04, 1.60]	.021	1.19	[0.85, 1.66]	.30
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.00	[0.87, 1.14]	.96	1.03	[0.85, 1.26]	.75
Heavy	1.26	[1.08, 1.47]	.0033	1.20	[0.97, 1.48]	.086
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.34	[1.19, 1.50]	<.001	1.19	[1.01, 1.40]	.038

Model 1

Model 2

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Odds ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Poor sleep

1975 (N = 12 485)

Abstainer

0.94

[0.68, 1.29]

.70

1.20

[0.66, 2.16]

.55

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.29

[1.03, 1.60]

.025

1.27

[0.93, 1.74]

.13

Heavy

2.93

[2.31, 3.72]

<.001

2.33

[1.69, 3.22]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.13

[1.77, 2.58]

<.001

1.67

[1.31, 2.13]

<.001

1981 (N = 12 175)

Abstainer

1.06

[0.80, 1.40]

.68

1.39

[0.92, 2.10]

.12

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.30

[1.07, 1.58]

.0082

1.04

[0.81, 1.33]

.78

Heavy

3.37

[2.74, 4.14]

<.001

2.12

[1.63, 2.77]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.19

[1.85, 2.59]

<.001

1.56

[1.26, 1.92]

<.001

1990 (N = 7700)

Abstainer

1.24

[1.00, 1.55]

.051

1.59

[1.09, 2.32]

.017

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.25

[1.06, 1.47]

.0084

1.29

[1.01, 1.64]

.039

Heavy

3.02

[2.51, 3.62]

<.001

2.66

[2.06, 3.43]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

2.26

[1.96, 2.60]

<.001

1.93

[1.60, 2.34]

<.001

2011 (N = 8304)

Abstainer

1.28

[1.03, 1.60]

.029

1.11

[0.77, 1.58]

.58

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.06

[0.92, 1.22]

.45

1.16

[0.94, 1.44]

.17

Heavy

1.78

[1.53, 2.07]

<.001

1.76

[1.42, 2.19]

<.001

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.61

[1.37, 1.88]

<.001

1.55

[1.31, 1.85]

<.001

Short sleep

1975 (N = 10 585)

Abstainer

0.86

[0.67, 1.12]

.26

1.55

[1.04, 2.31]

.030

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.26

[1.07, 1.49]

.0057

1.00

[0.82, 1.23]

.97

Heavy

2.14

[1.75, 2.60]

<.001

1.27

[0.99, 1.61]

.055

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.71

[1.47, 1.97]

<.001

1.14

[0.95, 1.36]

.17

1981 (N = 10 001)

Abstainer

0.93

[0.76, 1.15]

.51

1.038

[0.74, 1.45]

.83

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.18

[1.03, 1.35]

.016

0.97

[0.81, 1.14]

.69

Heavy

1.84

[1.56, 2.18]

<.001

1.31

[1.07, 1.61]

.0080

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.45

[1.28, 1.64]

<.001

1.14

[0.98, 1.32]

.086

1990 (N = 6590)

Abstainer

0.91

[0.73, 1.13]

.38

0.91

[0.62, 1.34]

.64

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

0.97

[0.83, 1.13]

.66

0.84

[0.68, 1.04]

.11

Heavy

1.41

[1.17, 1.69]

<.001

0.98

[0.77, 1.25]

.87

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.46

[1.27, 1.68]

<.001

1.09

[0.90, 1.32]

.36

2011 (N = 7206)

Abstainer

1.29

[1.04, 1.60]

.021

1.19

[0.85, 1.66]

.30

Light

1.00 (baseline)

–

1.00 (baseline)

–

Moderate

1.00

[0.87, 1.14]

.96

1.03

[0.85, 1.26]

.75

Heavy

1.26

[1.08, 1.47]

.0033

1.20

[0.97, 1.48]

.086

Non-binge

1.00 (baseline)

Binge

1.34

[1.19, 1.50]

<.001

1.19

[1.01, 1.40]

.038

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Cross-sectional associations between drinking categories (predictor variables) and sleep traits (outcome variables).

	Model 1			Model 2
	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 12 485)
Abstainer	0.94	[0.68, 1.29]	.70	1.20	[0.66, 2.16]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.29	[1.03, 1.60]	.025	1.27	[0.93, 1.74]	.13
Heavy	2.93	[2.31, 3.72]	<.001	2.33	[1.69, 3.22]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.13	[1.77, 2.58]	<.001	1.67	[1.31, 2.13]	<.001
1981 (N = 12 175)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.80, 1.40]	.68	1.39	[0.92, 2.10]	.12
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.30	[1.07, 1.58]	.0082	1.04	[0.81, 1.33]	.78
Heavy	3.37	[2.74, 4.14]	<.001	2.12	[1.63, 2.77]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.19	[1.85, 2.59]	<.001	1.56	[1.26, 1.92]	<.001
1990 (N = 7700)
Abstainer	1.24	[1.00, 1.55]	.051	1.59	[1.09, 2.32]	.017
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.25	[1.06, 1.47]	.0084	1.29	[1.01, 1.64]	.039
Heavy	3.02	[2.51, 3.62]	<.001	2.66	[2.06, 3.43]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.26	[1.96, 2.60]	<.001	1.93	[1.60, 2.34]	<.001
2011 (N = 8304)
Abstainer	1.28	[1.03, 1.60]	.029	1.11	[0.77, 1.58]	.58
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.06	[0.92, 1.22]	.45	1.16	[0.94, 1.44]	.17
Heavy	1.78	[1.53, 2.07]	<.001	1.76	[1.42, 2.19]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.61	[1.37, 1.88]	<.001	1.55	[1.31, 1.85]	<.001
Short sleep
1975 (N = 10 585)
Abstainer	0.86	[0.67, 1.12]	.26	1.55	[1.04, 2.31]	.030
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.26	[1.07, 1.49]	.0057	1.00	[0.82, 1.23]	.97
Heavy	2.14	[1.75, 2.60]	<.001	1.27	[0.99, 1.61]	.055
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.71	[1.47, 1.97]	<.001	1.14	[0.95, 1.36]	.17
1981 (N = 10 001)
Abstainer	0.93	[0.76, 1.15]	.51	1.038	[0.74, 1.45]	.83
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.18	[1.03, 1.35]	.016	0.97	[0.81, 1.14]	.69
Heavy	1.84	[1.56, 2.18]	<.001	1.31	[1.07, 1.61]	.0080
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.45	[1.28, 1.64]	<.001	1.14	[0.98, 1.32]	.086
1990 (N = 6590)
Abstainer	0.91	[0.73, 1.13]	.38	0.91	[0.62, 1.34]	.64
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	0.97	[0.83, 1.13]	.66	0.84	[0.68, 1.04]	.11
Heavy	1.41	[1.17, 1.69]	<.001	0.98	[0.77, 1.25]	.87
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.46	[1.27, 1.68]	<.001	1.09	[0.90, 1.32]	.36
2011 (N = 7206)
Abstainer	1.29	[1.04, 1.60]	.021	1.19	[0.85, 1.66]	.30
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.00	[0.87, 1.14]	.96	1.03	[0.85, 1.26]	.75
Heavy	1.26	[1.08, 1.47]	.0033	1.20	[0.97, 1.48]	.086
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.34	[1.19, 1.50]	<.001	1.19	[1.01, 1.40]	.038

	Model 1			Model 2
	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value	Odds ratio	[95% CI]	P-value
Poor sleep
1975 (N = 12 485)
Abstainer	0.94	[0.68, 1.29]	.70	1.20	[0.66, 2.16]	.55
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.29	[1.03, 1.60]	.025	1.27	[0.93, 1.74]	.13
Heavy	2.93	[2.31, 3.72]	<.001	2.33	[1.69, 3.22]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.13	[1.77, 2.58]	<.001	1.67	[1.31, 2.13]	<.001
1981 (N = 12 175)
Abstainer	1.06	[0.80, 1.40]	.68	1.39	[0.92, 2.10]	.12
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.30	[1.07, 1.58]	.0082	1.04	[0.81, 1.33]	.78
Heavy	3.37	[2.74, 4.14]	<.001	2.12	[1.63, 2.77]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.19	[1.85, 2.59]	<.001	1.56	[1.26, 1.92]	<.001
1990 (N = 7700)
Abstainer	1.24	[1.00, 1.55]	.051	1.59	[1.09, 2.32]	.017
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.25	[1.06, 1.47]	.0084	1.29	[1.01, 1.64]	.039
Heavy	3.02	[2.51, 3.62]	<.001	2.66	[2.06, 3.43]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	2.26	[1.96, 2.60]	<.001	1.93	[1.60, 2.34]	<.001
2011 (N = 8304)
Abstainer	1.28	[1.03, 1.60]	.029	1.11	[0.77, 1.58]	.58
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.06	[0.92, 1.22]	.45	1.16	[0.94, 1.44]	.17
Heavy	1.78	[1.53, 2.07]	<.001	1.76	[1.42, 2.19]	<.001
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.61	[1.37, 1.88]	<.001	1.55	[1.31, 1.85]	<.001
Short sleep
1975 (N = 10 585)
Abstainer	0.86	[0.67, 1.12]	.26	1.55	[1.04, 2.31]	.030
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.26	[1.07, 1.49]	.0057	1.00	[0.82, 1.23]	.97
Heavy	2.14	[1.75, 2.60]	<.001	1.27	[0.99, 1.61]	.055
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.71	[1.47, 1.97]	<.001	1.14	[0.95, 1.36]	.17
1981 (N = 10 001)
Abstainer	0.93	[0.76, 1.15]	.51	1.038	[0.74, 1.45]	.83
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.18	[1.03, 1.35]	.016	0.97	[0.81, 1.14]	.69
Heavy	1.84	[1.56, 2.18]	<.001	1.31	[1.07, 1.61]	.0080
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.45	[1.28, 1.64]	<.001	1.14	[0.98, 1.32]	.086
1990 (N = 6590)
Abstainer	0.91	[0.73, 1.13]	.38	0.91	[0.62, 1.34]	.64
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	0.97	[0.83, 1.13]	.66	0.84	[0.68, 1.04]	.11
Heavy	1.41	[1.17, 1.69]	<.001	0.98	[0.77, 1.25]	.87
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.46	[1.27, 1.68]	<.001	1.09	[0.90, 1.32]	.36
2011 (N = 7206)
Abstainer	1.29	[1.04, 1.60]	.021	1.19	[0.85, 1.66]	.30
Light	1.00 (baseline)	–	–	1.00 (baseline)	–	–
Moderate	1.00	[0.87, 1.14]	.96	1.03	[0.85, 1.26]	.75
Heavy	1.26	[1.08, 1.47]	.0033	1.20	[0.97, 1.48]	.086
Non-binge	1.00 (baseline)			1.00 (baseline)
Binge	1.34	[1.19, 1.50]	<.001	1.19	[1.01, 1.40]	.038

Model 1 includes sex and age as covariates, whereas Model 2 was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking and life satisfaction. Statistically significant (p < .05) associations are highlighted in red.

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