| . | Dutch . | Moroccan . | Turkish . | South-Asian Surinamese . | African Surinamese . | Ghanaian . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| n | 2084 | 1510 | 1627 | 1366 | 1607 | 902 |
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 42.1 ± 12.8 | 40.9 ± 12.1 | 44.9 ± 13.6 | 48.1 ± 12.9 | 46.9 ± 11.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.5 | 22.9 | 29.7 | 41.6 | 46.7 | 57.8 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 127 ± 14 | 130 ± 16 | 134 ± 18 | 139 ± 18 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 83 ± 10 | 85 ± 11 | 87 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 3.8 |
| WHR | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 12,9 | 6.6 | 15.9 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 21.9 | 30.8 | 32.5 | 40.8 | 45.9 |
| 3 | 23.4 | 33.5 | 28.5 | 30.8 | 34.0 | 29.4 |
| 4 (highest) | 59.6 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 23.8 | 18.6 | 8.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.5 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 23.7 | 14.0 | 17.6 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 73.0 | 56.1 | 50.0 | 58.0 | 68.7 | 62.5 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 41.1 | 39.9 | 42.9 | 7.6 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 17.4 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 14.6 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 70.4 | 63.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 | 53.9 | 47.5 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 2.6 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Women | ||||||
| n | 2464 | 2382 | 1970 | 1666 | 2519 | 1429 |
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 14.2 | 39.4 ± 12.9 | 40.0 ± 12.2 | 46.1 ± 13.2 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 43.4 ± 10.8 |
| Hypertension (%) | 18.5 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 35.6 | 45.6 | 49.3 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 ± 16 | 119 ± 16 | 120 ± 16 | 127 ± 20 | 130 ± 19 | 133 ± 20 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 29.6 ± 5.4 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.2 | 34.6 | 37.6 | 15.7 | 5.0 | 36.9 |
| 2 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 19.9 | 34.1 | 32.8 | 36.2 |
| 3 | 20.7 | 33.4 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 36.6 | 22.5 |
| 4 (highest) | 61.4 | 16.5 | 13.9 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 4.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 12.3 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 77.8 | 40.9 | 35.0 | 49.6 | 56.2 | 47.3 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 23.5 | 5.4 | 29.1 | 19.0 | 24.6 | 2.5 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 21.5 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 13.6 | 19.3 | 11.1 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 80.2 | 67.2 | 71.2 | 74.9 | 69.3 | 54.7 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 3.0 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 4.6 |
| . | Dutch . | Moroccan . | Turkish . | South-Asian Surinamese . | African Surinamese . | Ghanaian . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| n | 2084 | 1510 | 1627 | 1366 | 1607 | 902 |
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 42.1 ± 12.8 | 40.9 ± 12.1 | 44.9 ± 13.6 | 48.1 ± 12.9 | 46.9 ± 11.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.5 | 22.9 | 29.7 | 41.6 | 46.7 | 57.8 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 127 ± 14 | 130 ± 16 | 134 ± 18 | 139 ± 18 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 83 ± 10 | 85 ± 11 | 87 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 3.8 |
| WHR | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 12,9 | 6.6 | 15.9 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 21.9 | 30.8 | 32.5 | 40.8 | 45.9 |
| 3 | 23.4 | 33.5 | 28.5 | 30.8 | 34.0 | 29.4 |
| 4 (highest) | 59.6 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 23.8 | 18.6 | 8.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.5 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 23.7 | 14.0 | 17.6 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 73.0 | 56.1 | 50.0 | 58.0 | 68.7 | 62.5 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 41.1 | 39.9 | 42.9 | 7.6 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 17.4 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 14.6 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 70.4 | 63.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 | 53.9 | 47.5 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 2.6 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Women | ||||||
| n | 2464 | 2382 | 1970 | 1666 | 2519 | 1429 |
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 14.2 | 39.4 ± 12.9 | 40.0 ± 12.2 | 46.1 ± 13.2 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 43.4 ± 10.8 |
| Hypertension (%) | 18.5 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 35.6 | 45.6 | 49.3 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 ± 16 | 119 ± 16 | 120 ± 16 | 127 ± 20 | 130 ± 19 | 133 ± 20 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 29.6 ± 5.4 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.2 | 34.6 | 37.6 | 15.7 | 5.0 | 36.9 |
| 2 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 19.9 | 34.1 | 32.8 | 36.2 |
| 3 | 20.7 | 33.4 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 36.6 | 22.5 |
| 4 (highest) | 61.4 | 16.5 | 13.9 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 4.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 12.3 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 77.8 | 40.9 | 35.0 | 49.6 | 56.2 | 47.3 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 23.5 | 5.4 | 29.1 | 19.0 | 24.6 | 2.5 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 21.5 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 13.6 | 19.3 | 11.1 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 80.2 | 67.2 | 71.2 | 74.9 | 69.3 | 54.7 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 3.0 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 4.6 |
BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; WHR: waist hip ratio.
Data are presented as mean±SD (continuous variables) of percentages (categorical variables);
| . | Dutch . | Moroccan . | Turkish . | South-Asian Surinamese . | African Surinamese . | Ghanaian . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| n | 2084 | 1510 | 1627 | 1366 | 1607 | 902 |
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 42.1 ± 12.8 | 40.9 ± 12.1 | 44.9 ± 13.6 | 48.1 ± 12.9 | 46.9 ± 11.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.5 | 22.9 | 29.7 | 41.6 | 46.7 | 57.8 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 127 ± 14 | 130 ± 16 | 134 ± 18 | 139 ± 18 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 83 ± 10 | 85 ± 11 | 87 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 3.8 |
| WHR | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 12,9 | 6.6 | 15.9 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 21.9 | 30.8 | 32.5 | 40.8 | 45.9 |
| 3 | 23.4 | 33.5 | 28.5 | 30.8 | 34.0 | 29.4 |
| 4 (highest) | 59.6 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 23.8 | 18.6 | 8.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.5 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 23.7 | 14.0 | 17.6 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 73.0 | 56.1 | 50.0 | 58.0 | 68.7 | 62.5 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 41.1 | 39.9 | 42.9 | 7.6 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 17.4 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 14.6 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 70.4 | 63.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 | 53.9 | 47.5 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 2.6 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Women | ||||||
| n | 2464 | 2382 | 1970 | 1666 | 2519 | 1429 |
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 14.2 | 39.4 ± 12.9 | 40.0 ± 12.2 | 46.1 ± 13.2 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 43.4 ± 10.8 |
| Hypertension (%) | 18.5 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 35.6 | 45.6 | 49.3 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 ± 16 | 119 ± 16 | 120 ± 16 | 127 ± 20 | 130 ± 19 | 133 ± 20 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 29.6 ± 5.4 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.2 | 34.6 | 37.6 | 15.7 | 5.0 | 36.9 |
| 2 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 19.9 | 34.1 | 32.8 | 36.2 |
| 3 | 20.7 | 33.4 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 36.6 | 22.5 |
| 4 (highest) | 61.4 | 16.5 | 13.9 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 4.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 12.3 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 77.8 | 40.9 | 35.0 | 49.6 | 56.2 | 47.3 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 23.5 | 5.4 | 29.1 | 19.0 | 24.6 | 2.5 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 21.5 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 13.6 | 19.3 | 11.1 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 80.2 | 67.2 | 71.2 | 74.9 | 69.3 | 54.7 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 3.0 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 4.6 |
| . | Dutch . | Moroccan . | Turkish . | South-Asian Surinamese . | African Surinamese . | Ghanaian . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| n | 2084 | 1510 | 1627 | 1366 | 1607 | 902 |
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 13.8 | 42.1 ± 12.8 | 40.9 ± 12.1 | 44.9 ± 13.6 | 48.1 ± 12.9 | 46.9 ± 11.5 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.5 | 22.9 | 29.7 | 41.6 | 46.7 | 57.8 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 15 | 127 ± 14 | 127 ± 14 | 130 ± 16 | 134 ± 18 | 139 ± 18 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 83 ± 10 | 85 ± 11 | 87 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.7 ± 3.8 |
| WHR | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 12,9 | 6.6 | 15.9 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 21.9 | 30.8 | 32.5 | 40.8 | 45.9 |
| 3 | 23.4 | 33.5 | 28.5 | 30.8 | 34.0 | 29.4 |
| 4 (highest) | 59.6 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 23.8 | 18.6 | 8.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.5 | 13.3 | 12.5 | 23.7 | 14.0 | 17.6 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 73.0 | 56.1 | 50.0 | 58.0 | 68.7 | 62.5 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 41.1 | 39.9 | 42.9 | 7.6 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 17.4 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 14.6 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 70.4 | 63.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 | 53.9 | 47.5 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 2.6 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| Women | ||||||
| n | 2464 | 2382 | 1970 | 1666 | 2519 | 1429 |
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 14.2 | 39.4 ± 12.9 | 40.0 ± 12.2 | 46.1 ± 13.2 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 43.4 ± 10.8 |
| Hypertension (%) | 18.5 | 15.5 | 21.2 | 35.6 | 45.6 | 49.3 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 ± 16 | 119 ± 16 | 120 ± 16 | 127 ± 20 | 130 ± 19 | 133 ± 20 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 78 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | 83 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 28.1 ± 5.8 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 29.6 ± 5.4 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 3.2 | 34.6 | 37.6 | 15.7 | 5.0 | 36.9 |
| 2 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 19.9 | 34.1 | 32.8 | 36.2 |
| 3 | 20.7 | 33.4 | 28.5 | 27.9 | 36.6 | 22.5 |
| 4 (highest) | 61.4 | 16.5 | 13.9 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 4.5 |
| Diabetes (%) | 2.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 12.3 |
| eGFR<60 ml/min (%) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Achieving Dutch norm for physical activity (%) | 77.8 | 40.9 | 35.0 | 49.6 | 56.2 | 47.3 |
| Currently smoking (%) | 23.5 | 5.4 | 29.1 | 19.0 | 24.6 | 2.5 |
| Regular alcohol use (%) | 21.5 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 13.6 | 19.3 | 11.1 |
| Stress at home or work (%) | 80.2 | 67.2 | 71.2 | 74.9 | 69.3 | 54.7 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 3.0 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 11.5 | 6.1 | 4.6 |
BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; WHR: waist hip ratio.
Data are presented as mean±SD (continuous variables) of percentages (categorical variables);
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