| Variable . | Normal HRR (HRR > 18beats) . | Abnormal HRR (HRR ≤ 18 beats) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 62 | 35 | |
| Age, years | 80.7 ± 0.9 | 81.8 ± 2.5 | 0.002* |
| Male sex | 43 (69) | 21 (60) | 0.379 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 3.6 | 0.55 |
| Present smoking | 14 (23) | 6 (17) | 0.525 |
| Hypertension | 28 (45) | 19 (54) | 0.406 |
| Diabetes | 18 (29) | 13 (37) | 0.498 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (26) | 6 (17) | 0.328 |
| Prior coronary artery disease | |||
| Angina pectoris | 26 (42) | 10 (29) | 0.274 |
| Myocardial infarction | 16 (26) | 7 (20) | 0.623 |
| CABG | 7 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.672 |
| History of heart failure | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.262 |
| Medication | |||
| Beta blocker use | 3 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.851 |
| Ca blocker use | 33 (57) | 17 (49) | 0.678 |
| LVEF, % | 62.7 ± 7.8 | 63.9 ± 9.4 | 0.478 |
| LVEF <50% | 5 (8) | 4 (11) | 0.583 |
| Exercise results | |||
| Exercise time, min | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 0.038* |
| Metabolic equivalents, METs | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 0.001* |
| SBP at rest, mmHg | 148.7 ± 20.6 | 153.1 ± 26.0 | 0.368 |
| SBP at rest >140 mmHg | 44 (71) | 25 (71) | >0.999 |
| Heart rate at rest, beats/min | 67.7 ± 8.9 | 75.4 ± 14.3 | 0.002* |
| Heart rate at rest >79beats/min | 7 (11) | 14 (40) | 0.002* |
| Peak SBP, mmHg | 193.6 ± 30.8 | 177.2 ± 23.8 | 0.008* |
| Peak heart rate, beats/min | 130.7 ± 17.5 | 116.7 ± 23.8 | <0.001* |
| Ischaemic ST-segment changes | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.001* |
| Chronotropic incompetence | 23 (37) | 24 (69) | 0.003* |
| HRR, beats/min | 28.4 ± 7.6 | 11.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001* |
| Delayed SBP response | 18 (29) | 19 (54) | 0.017* |
| Impaired functional capacity | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.045* |
| Reached target heart rate | 45 (73) | 17 (49) | 0.014* |
| All-cause death | 6 (10) | 14 (40) | 0.001* |
| Variable . | Normal HRR (HRR > 18beats) . | Abnormal HRR (HRR ≤ 18 beats) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 62 | 35 | |
| Age, years | 80.7 ± 0.9 | 81.8 ± 2.5 | 0.002* |
| Male sex | 43 (69) | 21 (60) | 0.379 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 3.6 | 0.55 |
| Present smoking | 14 (23) | 6 (17) | 0.525 |
| Hypertension | 28 (45) | 19 (54) | 0.406 |
| Diabetes | 18 (29) | 13 (37) | 0.498 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (26) | 6 (17) | 0.328 |
| Prior coronary artery disease | |||
| Angina pectoris | 26 (42) | 10 (29) | 0.274 |
| Myocardial infarction | 16 (26) | 7 (20) | 0.623 |
| CABG | 7 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.672 |
| History of heart failure | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.262 |
| Medication | |||
| Beta blocker use | 3 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.851 |
| Ca blocker use | 33 (57) | 17 (49) | 0.678 |
| LVEF, % | 62.7 ± 7.8 | 63.9 ± 9.4 | 0.478 |
| LVEF <50% | 5 (8) | 4 (11) | 0.583 |
| Exercise results | |||
| Exercise time, min | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 0.038* |
| Metabolic equivalents, METs | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 0.001* |
| SBP at rest, mmHg | 148.7 ± 20.6 | 153.1 ± 26.0 | 0.368 |
| SBP at rest >140 mmHg | 44 (71) | 25 (71) | >0.999 |
| Heart rate at rest, beats/min | 67.7 ± 8.9 | 75.4 ± 14.3 | 0.002* |
| Heart rate at rest >79beats/min | 7 (11) | 14 (40) | 0.002* |
| Peak SBP, mmHg | 193.6 ± 30.8 | 177.2 ± 23.8 | 0.008* |
| Peak heart rate, beats/min | 130.7 ± 17.5 | 116.7 ± 23.8 | <0.001* |
| Ischaemic ST-segment changes | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.001* |
| Chronotropic incompetence | 23 (37) | 24 (69) | 0.003* |
| HRR, beats/min | 28.4 ± 7.6 | 11.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001* |
| Delayed SBP response | 18 (29) | 19 (54) | 0.017* |
| Impaired functional capacity | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.045* |
| Reached target heart rate | 45 (73) | 17 (49) | 0.014* |
| All-cause death | 6 (10) | 14 (40) | 0.001* |
Continuous variable are shown as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are shown as number (%). HRR, heart rate recovery; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Ca, calcium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
*P < 0.05.
| Variable . | Normal HRR (HRR > 18beats) . | Abnormal HRR (HRR ≤ 18 beats) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 62 | 35 | |
| Age, years | 80.7 ± 0.9 | 81.8 ± 2.5 | 0.002* |
| Male sex | 43 (69) | 21 (60) | 0.379 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 3.6 | 0.55 |
| Present smoking | 14 (23) | 6 (17) | 0.525 |
| Hypertension | 28 (45) | 19 (54) | 0.406 |
| Diabetes | 18 (29) | 13 (37) | 0.498 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (26) | 6 (17) | 0.328 |
| Prior coronary artery disease | |||
| Angina pectoris | 26 (42) | 10 (29) | 0.274 |
| Myocardial infarction | 16 (26) | 7 (20) | 0.623 |
| CABG | 7 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.672 |
| History of heart failure | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.262 |
| Medication | |||
| Beta blocker use | 3 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.851 |
| Ca blocker use | 33 (57) | 17 (49) | 0.678 |
| LVEF, % | 62.7 ± 7.8 | 63.9 ± 9.4 | 0.478 |
| LVEF <50% | 5 (8) | 4 (11) | 0.583 |
| Exercise results | |||
| Exercise time, min | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 0.038* |
| Metabolic equivalents, METs | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 0.001* |
| SBP at rest, mmHg | 148.7 ± 20.6 | 153.1 ± 26.0 | 0.368 |
| SBP at rest >140 mmHg | 44 (71) | 25 (71) | >0.999 |
| Heart rate at rest, beats/min | 67.7 ± 8.9 | 75.4 ± 14.3 | 0.002* |
| Heart rate at rest >79beats/min | 7 (11) | 14 (40) | 0.002* |
| Peak SBP, mmHg | 193.6 ± 30.8 | 177.2 ± 23.8 | 0.008* |
| Peak heart rate, beats/min | 130.7 ± 17.5 | 116.7 ± 23.8 | <0.001* |
| Ischaemic ST-segment changes | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.001* |
| Chronotropic incompetence | 23 (37) | 24 (69) | 0.003* |
| HRR, beats/min | 28.4 ± 7.6 | 11.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001* |
| Delayed SBP response | 18 (29) | 19 (54) | 0.017* |
| Impaired functional capacity | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.045* |
| Reached target heart rate | 45 (73) | 17 (49) | 0.014* |
| All-cause death | 6 (10) | 14 (40) | 0.001* |
| Variable . | Normal HRR (HRR > 18beats) . | Abnormal HRR (HRR ≤ 18 beats) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 62 | 35 | |
| Age, years | 80.7 ± 0.9 | 81.8 ± 2.5 | 0.002* |
| Male sex | 43 (69) | 21 (60) | 0.379 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 3.6 | 0.55 |
| Present smoking | 14 (23) | 6 (17) | 0.525 |
| Hypertension | 28 (45) | 19 (54) | 0.406 |
| Diabetes | 18 (29) | 13 (37) | 0.498 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (26) | 6 (17) | 0.328 |
| Prior coronary artery disease | |||
| Angina pectoris | 26 (42) | 10 (29) | 0.274 |
| Myocardial infarction | 16 (26) | 7 (20) | 0.623 |
| CABG | 7 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.672 |
| History of heart failure | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0.262 |
| Medication | |||
| Beta blocker use | 3 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.851 |
| Ca blocker use | 33 (57) | 17 (49) | 0.678 |
| LVEF, % | 62.7 ± 7.8 | 63.9 ± 9.4 | 0.478 |
| LVEF <50% | 5 (8) | 4 (11) | 0.583 |
| Exercise results | |||
| Exercise time, min | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 0.038* |
| Metabolic equivalents, METs | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 0.001* |
| SBP at rest, mmHg | 148.7 ± 20.6 | 153.1 ± 26.0 | 0.368 |
| SBP at rest >140 mmHg | 44 (71) | 25 (71) | >0.999 |
| Heart rate at rest, beats/min | 67.7 ± 8.9 | 75.4 ± 14.3 | 0.002* |
| Heart rate at rest >79beats/min | 7 (11) | 14 (40) | 0.002* |
| Peak SBP, mmHg | 193.6 ± 30.8 | 177.2 ± 23.8 | 0.008* |
| Peak heart rate, beats/min | 130.7 ± 17.5 | 116.7 ± 23.8 | <0.001* |
| Ischaemic ST-segment changes | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.001* |
| Chronotropic incompetence | 23 (37) | 24 (69) | 0.003* |
| HRR, beats/min | 28.4 ± 7.6 | 11.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001* |
| Delayed SBP response | 18 (29) | 19 (54) | 0.017* |
| Impaired functional capacity | 3 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.045* |
| Reached target heart rate | 45 (73) | 17 (49) | 0.014* |
| All-cause death | 6 (10) | 14 (40) | 0.001* |
Continuous variable are shown as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are shown as number (%). HRR, heart rate recovery; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Ca, calcium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
*P < 0.05.
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