Table 2 Open in new tab Risk of...

Variable	Rates or mean value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age, years	81.5 ± 2.4	81.0 ± 1.6	1.11 (0.89–1.39)	0.345
Male sex	70%	65%	1.35 (0.52–3.54)	0.536
BMI, kg/m²	21.8 ± 3.8	22.2 ± 2.9	0.90 (0.77–1.05)	0.184
Hypertension	45%	49%	0.50 (0.20–1.24)	0.136
Diabetes	25%	34%	0.45 (0.16–1.25)	0.127
Prior coronary artery disease	65%	60%	0.90 (0.36–2.26)	0.823
History of heart failure	5%	3%	0.82 (0.11–6.18)	0.845
Beta blocker use	5%	5%	0.63 (0.08–4.77)	0.658
Ca blocker use	55%	51%	1.06 (0.44–2.57)	0.891
LVEF, %	62.0 ± 11.2	63.4 ± 7.6	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.406
LVEF <50%	20%	6%	2.44 (0.81–7.33)	0.111
Metabolic equivalents, METs	7.1 ± 2.3	7.4 ± 2.5	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.988
SBP at rest, mmHg	147.5 ± 24.4	151.0 ± 22.3	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.546
SBP at rest >140mmHg	60%	74%	0.53 (0.22–1.30)	0.163
Heart rate at rest, beat/min	73.6 ± 12.1	69.5 ± 11.4	1.01 (0.98–1.02)	0.399
Heart rate at rest >79beat/min	40%	17%	1.82 (0.74–4.48)	0.194
Peak heart rate, beats/min	124.9 ± 21.0	125.8 ± 18.6	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.862
Ischaemic ST-segment changes	35%	9%	2.56 (1.01–6.46)	0.047^a
Chronotropic incompetence	50%	48%	0.93 (0.39–2.24)	0.871
Abnormal HRR	70%	27%	2.82 (1.06–7.47)	0.037^a
Delayed SBP response	45%	36%	1.59 (0.65–3.88)	0.306
Impaired functional capacity	10%	9%	1.04 (0.24–4.51)	0.956
Reached target heart rate	65%	64%	1.24 (0.49–3.13)	0.644

Variable

Rates or mean value

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Non survival (n = 20)

Survival (n = 77)

Age, years

81.5 ± 2.4

81.0 ± 1.6

1.11 (0.89–1.39)

0.345

Male sex

70%

65%

1.35 (0.52–3.54)

0.536

BMI, kg/m²

21.8 ± 3.8

22.2 ± 2.9

0.90 (0.77–1.05)

0.184

Hypertension

45%

49%

0.50 (0.20–1.24)

0.136

Diabetes

25%

34%

0.45 (0.16–1.25)

0.127

Prior coronary artery disease

65%

60%

0.90 (0.36–2.26)

0.823

History of heart failure

0.82 (0.11–6.18)

0.845

Beta blocker use

0.63 (0.08–4.77)

0.658

Ca blocker use

55%

51%

1.06 (0.44–2.57)

0.891

LVEF, %

62.0 ± 11.2

63.4 ± 7.6

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

0.406

LVEF <50%

20%

2.44 (0.81–7.33)

0.111

Metabolic equivalents, METs

7.1 ± 2.3

7.4 ± 2.5

1.00 (0.82–1.21)

0.988

SBP at rest, mmHg

147.5 ± 24.4

151.0 ± 22.3

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.546

SBP at rest >140mmHg

60%

74%

0.53 (0.22–1.30)

0.163

Heart rate at rest, beat/min

73.6 ± 12.1

69.5 ± 11.4

1.01 (0.98–1.02)

0.399

Heart rate at rest >79beat/min

40%

17%

1.82 (0.74–4.48)

0.194

Peak heart rate, beats/min

124.9 ± 21.0

125.8 ± 18.6

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.862

Ischaemic ST-segment changes

35%

2.56 (1.01–6.46)

0.047^a

Chronotropic incompetence

50%

48%

0.93 (0.39–2.24)

0.871

Abnormal HRR

70%

27%

2.82 (1.06–7.47)

0.037^a

Delayed SBP response

45%

36%

1.59 (0.65–3.88)

0.306

Impaired functional capacity

10%

1.04 (0.24–4.51)

0.956

Reached target heart rate

65%

64%

1.24 (0.49–3.13)

0.644

Variable	Rates or mean value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age, years	81.5 ± 2.4	81.0 ± 1.6	1.11 (0.89–1.39)	0.345
Male sex	70%	65%	1.35 (0.52–3.54)	0.536
BMI, kg/m²	21.8 ± 3.8	22.2 ± 2.9	0.90 (0.77–1.05)	0.184
Hypertension	45%	49%	0.50 (0.20–1.24)	0.136
Diabetes	25%	34%	0.45 (0.16–1.25)	0.127
Prior coronary artery disease	65%	60%	0.90 (0.36–2.26)	0.823
History of heart failure	5%	3%	0.82 (0.11–6.18)	0.845
Beta blocker use	5%	5%	0.63 (0.08–4.77)	0.658
Ca blocker use	55%	51%	1.06 (0.44–2.57)	0.891
LVEF, %	62.0 ± 11.2	63.4 ± 7.6	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.406
LVEF <50%	20%	6%	2.44 (0.81–7.33)	0.111
Metabolic equivalents, METs	7.1 ± 2.3	7.4 ± 2.5	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.988
SBP at rest, mmHg	147.5 ± 24.4	151.0 ± 22.3	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.546
SBP at rest >140mmHg	60%	74%	0.53 (0.22–1.30)	0.163
Heart rate at rest, beat/min	73.6 ± 12.1	69.5 ± 11.4	1.01 (0.98–1.02)	0.399
Heart rate at rest >79beat/min	40%	17%	1.82 (0.74–4.48)	0.194
Peak heart rate, beats/min	124.9 ± 21.0	125.8 ± 18.6	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.862
Ischaemic ST-segment changes	35%	9%	2.56 (1.01–6.46)	0.047^a
Chronotropic incompetence	50%	48%	0.93 (0.39–2.24)	0.871
Abnormal HRR	70%	27%	2.82 (1.06–7.47)	0.037^a
Delayed SBP response	45%	36%	1.59 (0.65–3.88)	0.306
Impaired functional capacity	10%	9%	1.04 (0.24–4.51)	0.956
Reached target heart rate	65%	64%	1.24 (0.49–3.13)	0.644

Table 2

Open in new tab

Risk of all-cause death on univariate Cox proportional-hazard analyses

Variable	Rates or mean value		Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
	Non survival (n = 20)	Survival (n = 77)
Age, years	81.5 ± 2.4	81.0 ± 1.6	1.11 (0.89–1.39)	0.345
Male sex	70%	65%	1.35 (0.52–3.54)	0.536
BMI, kg/m²	21.8 ± 3.8	22.2 ± 2.9	0.90 (0.77–1.05)	0.184
Hypertension	45%	49%	0.50 (0.20–1.24)	0.136
Diabetes	25%	34%	0.45 (0.16–1.25)	0.127
Prior coronary artery disease	65%	60%	0.90 (0.36–2.26)	0.823
History of heart failure	5%	3%	0.82 (0.11–6.18)	0.845
Beta blocker use	5%	5%	0.63 (0.08–4.77)	0.658
Ca blocker use	55%	51%	1.06 (0.44–2.57)	0.891
LVEF, %	62.0 ± 11.2	63.4 ± 7.6	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.406
LVEF <50%	20%	6%	2.44 (0.81–7.33)	0.111
Metabolic equivalents, METs	7.1 ± 2.3	7.4 ± 2.5	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.988
SBP at rest, mmHg	147.5 ± 24.4	151.0 ± 22.3	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.546
SBP at rest >140mmHg	60%	74%	0.53 (0.22–1.30)	0.163
Heart rate at rest, beat/min	73.6 ± 12.1	69.5 ± 11.4	1.01 (0.98–1.02)	0.399
Heart rate at rest >79beat/min	40%	17%	1.82 (0.74–4.48)	0.194
Peak heart rate, beats/min	124.9 ± 21.0	125.8 ± 18.6	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.862
Ischaemic ST-segment changes	35%	9%	2.56 (1.01–6.46)	0.047^a
Chronotropic incompetence	50%	48%	0.93 (0.39–2.24)	0.871
Abnormal HRR	70%	27%	2.82 (1.06–7.47)	0.037^a
Delayed SBP response	45%	36%	1.59 (0.65–3.88)	0.306
Impaired functional capacity	10%	9%	1.04 (0.24–4.51)	0.956
Reached target heart rate	65%	64%	1.24 (0.49–3.13)	0.644

Variable	Rates or mean value		Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
	Non survival (n = 20)	Survival (n = 77)
Age, years	81.5 ± 2.4	81.0 ± 1.6	1.11 (0.89–1.39)	0.345
Male sex	70%	65%	1.35 (0.52–3.54)	0.536
BMI, kg/m²	21.8 ± 3.8	22.2 ± 2.9	0.90 (0.77–1.05)	0.184
Hypertension	45%	49%	0.50 (0.20–1.24)	0.136
Diabetes	25%	34%	0.45 (0.16–1.25)	0.127
Prior coronary artery disease	65%	60%	0.90 (0.36–2.26)	0.823
History of heart failure	5%	3%	0.82 (0.11–6.18)	0.845
Beta blocker use	5%	5%	0.63 (0.08–4.77)	0.658
Ca blocker use	55%	51%	1.06 (0.44–2.57)	0.891
LVEF, %	62.0 ± 11.2	63.4 ± 7.6	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.406
LVEF <50%	20%	6%	2.44 (0.81–7.33)	0.111
Metabolic equivalents, METs	7.1 ± 2.3	7.4 ± 2.5	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.988
SBP at rest, mmHg	147.5 ± 24.4	151.0 ± 22.3	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.546
SBP at rest >140mmHg	60%	74%	0.53 (0.22–1.30)	0.163
Heart rate at rest, beat/min	73.6 ± 12.1	69.5 ± 11.4	1.01 (0.98–1.02)	0.399
Heart rate at rest >79beat/min	40%	17%	1.82 (0.74–4.48)	0.194
Peak heart rate, beats/min	124.9 ± 21.0	125.8 ± 18.6	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.862
Ischaemic ST-segment changes	35%	9%	2.56 (1.01–6.46)	0.047^a
Chronotropic incompetence	50%	48%	0.93 (0.39–2.24)	0.871
Abnormal HRR	70%	27%	2.82 (1.06–7.47)	0.037^a
Delayed SBP response	45%	36%	1.59 (0.65–3.88)	0.306
Impaired functional capacity	10%	9%	1.04 (0.24–4.51)	0.956
Reached target heart rate	65%	64%	1.24 (0.49–3.13)	0.644

Continuous variable are shown as mean ± SD, and categorical variables are shown as percent. CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; Ca, calcium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HRR, heart rate recovery.

^aVariables included into multivariate models.

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