| Characteristic . | Total (N = 797) . | RSV (n = 349) . | Influenza Virus (n = 100) . | HMPV (n = 56) . | PIV (n = 28) . | Rhinovirus (n = 153) . | Bocavirus (n = 30) . | Adenovirus (n = 23) . | Coronavirus (n = 49) . | Enterovirus (n = 9) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission diagnosis | |||||||||||
| Nonrespiratory | 181/797 (22.7) | 31 (8.9) | 40 (40.0) | 11 (19.6) | 8 (28.7) | 51 (33.3) | 7 (23.3) | 9 (39.1) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory | 616/797 (77.3) | 318 (91.1) | 60 (60.0) | 45 (80.4) | 20 (71.4) | 102 (66.7) | 23 (76.7) | 14 (60.9) | 29 (59.2) | 5 (55.6) | <.001 |
| URTI | 311/797 (39.0) | 76 (21.8) | 63 (63.0) | 23 (41.1) | 12 (42.9) | 73 (47.7) | 12 (40.0) | 13 (56.5) | 32 (65.3) | 7 (77.8) | <.001 |
| LRTI | 486/797 (61.0) | 273 (78.2) | 37 (37.0) | 33 (58.9) | 16 (57.1) | 80 (52.3) | 18 (60.0) | 10 (43.5) | 17 (34.7) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Symptoms on admissionc | |||||||||||
| Rhinitis | 697/772 (90.3) | 313 (90.0) | 85 (89.5) | 49 (90.7) | 22 (88.0) | 135 (90.0) | 22 (75.9) | 21 (91.3) | 42 (85.7) | 8 (88.9) | .06 |
| Hoarseness | 121/649 (18.6) | 74 (26.6) | 7 (8.6) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (26.1) | 15 (11.5) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Stridor | 90/749 (12.1) | 40 (12.4) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (15.2) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (4.35) | 8 (18.2) | 3 (33.3) | .66 |
| Mild cough | 266/682 (39.0) | 103 (30.9) | 37 (48.7) | 22 (43.1) | 8 (36.4) | 59 (49.6) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (52.9) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Moderate/severe cough | 416/682 (61.0) | 230 (69.1) | 39 (51.3) | 29 (56.9) | 14 (63.6) | 60 (50.4) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (47.1) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Wheezing | 284/765 (37.1) | 153 (45.5) | 13 (13.4) | 23 (43.4) | 9 (34.6) | 63 (42.3) | 11 (39.3) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (15.6) | 2 (25.0) | <.001 |
| Rale | 338/768 (44.0) | 202 (59.4) | 25 (26.3) | 26 (48.2) | 8 (30.8) | 47 (31.3) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (27.3) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Indrawings | 292/763 (38.3) | 160 (47.3) | 17 (18.3) | 18 (33.3) | 7 (28.0) | 64 (42.7) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Tachypnea | 358/764 (46.9) | 194 (57.4) | 24 (25.3) | 23 (43.4) | 14 (51.9) | 68 (46.0) | 13 (48.2) | 6 (26.1) | 14 (31.8) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Flaring | 97/748 (13.0) | 53 (16.2) | 3 (3.26) | 9 (16.7) | 1 (3.9) | 19 (13.0) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (11.1) | .02 |
| Cyanosis | 61/750 (8.1) | 31 (9.31) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (8.1) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .34 |
| Apnea | 38/739 (5.1) | 17 (5.3) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (3.9) | 10 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | .94 |
| Characteristic . | Total (N = 797) . | RSV (n = 349) . | Influenza Virus (n = 100) . | HMPV (n = 56) . | PIV (n = 28) . | Rhinovirus (n = 153) . | Bocavirus (n = 30) . | Adenovirus (n = 23) . | Coronavirus (n = 49) . | Enterovirus (n = 9) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission diagnosis | |||||||||||
| Nonrespiratory | 181/797 (22.7) | 31 (8.9) | 40 (40.0) | 11 (19.6) | 8 (28.7) | 51 (33.3) | 7 (23.3) | 9 (39.1) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory | 616/797 (77.3) | 318 (91.1) | 60 (60.0) | 45 (80.4) | 20 (71.4) | 102 (66.7) | 23 (76.7) | 14 (60.9) | 29 (59.2) | 5 (55.6) | <.001 |
| URTI | 311/797 (39.0) | 76 (21.8) | 63 (63.0) | 23 (41.1) | 12 (42.9) | 73 (47.7) | 12 (40.0) | 13 (56.5) | 32 (65.3) | 7 (77.8) | <.001 |
| LRTI | 486/797 (61.0) | 273 (78.2) | 37 (37.0) | 33 (58.9) | 16 (57.1) | 80 (52.3) | 18 (60.0) | 10 (43.5) | 17 (34.7) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Symptoms on admissionc | |||||||||||
| Rhinitis | 697/772 (90.3) | 313 (90.0) | 85 (89.5) | 49 (90.7) | 22 (88.0) | 135 (90.0) | 22 (75.9) | 21 (91.3) | 42 (85.7) | 8 (88.9) | .06 |
| Hoarseness | 121/649 (18.6) | 74 (26.6) | 7 (8.6) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (26.1) | 15 (11.5) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Stridor | 90/749 (12.1) | 40 (12.4) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (15.2) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (4.35) | 8 (18.2) | 3 (33.3) | .66 |
| Mild cough | 266/682 (39.0) | 103 (30.9) | 37 (48.7) | 22 (43.1) | 8 (36.4) | 59 (49.6) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (52.9) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Moderate/severe cough | 416/682 (61.0) | 230 (69.1) | 39 (51.3) | 29 (56.9) | 14 (63.6) | 60 (50.4) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (47.1) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Wheezing | 284/765 (37.1) | 153 (45.5) | 13 (13.4) | 23 (43.4) | 9 (34.6) | 63 (42.3) | 11 (39.3) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (15.6) | 2 (25.0) | <.001 |
| Rale | 338/768 (44.0) | 202 (59.4) | 25 (26.3) | 26 (48.2) | 8 (30.8) | 47 (31.3) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (27.3) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Indrawings | 292/763 (38.3) | 160 (47.3) | 17 (18.3) | 18 (33.3) | 7 (28.0) | 64 (42.7) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Tachypnea | 358/764 (46.9) | 194 (57.4) | 24 (25.3) | 23 (43.4) | 14 (51.9) | 68 (46.0) | 13 (48.2) | 6 (26.1) | 14 (31.8) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Flaring | 97/748 (13.0) | 53 (16.2) | 3 (3.26) | 9 (16.7) | 1 (3.9) | 19 (13.0) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (11.1) | .02 |
| Cyanosis | 61/750 (8.1) | 31 (9.31) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (8.1) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .34 |
| Apnea | 38/739 (5.1) | 17 (5.3) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (3.9) | 10 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | .94 |
Data are presented as No. (%). Infections with relative frequency ≥60% are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: HMPV, human metapneumovirus; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus, URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.
No monoinfection detected for parechovirus.
P value for significant difference of RSV infection compared to other pathogens; tested with Pearson χ2 test.
Data were not available for all patients with monoinfections.
| Characteristic . | Total (N = 797) . | RSV (n = 349) . | Influenza Virus (n = 100) . | HMPV (n = 56) . | PIV (n = 28) . | Rhinovirus (n = 153) . | Bocavirus (n = 30) . | Adenovirus (n = 23) . | Coronavirus (n = 49) . | Enterovirus (n = 9) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission diagnosis | |||||||||||
| Nonrespiratory | 181/797 (22.7) | 31 (8.9) | 40 (40.0) | 11 (19.6) | 8 (28.7) | 51 (33.3) | 7 (23.3) | 9 (39.1) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory | 616/797 (77.3) | 318 (91.1) | 60 (60.0) | 45 (80.4) | 20 (71.4) | 102 (66.7) | 23 (76.7) | 14 (60.9) | 29 (59.2) | 5 (55.6) | <.001 |
| URTI | 311/797 (39.0) | 76 (21.8) | 63 (63.0) | 23 (41.1) | 12 (42.9) | 73 (47.7) | 12 (40.0) | 13 (56.5) | 32 (65.3) | 7 (77.8) | <.001 |
| LRTI | 486/797 (61.0) | 273 (78.2) | 37 (37.0) | 33 (58.9) | 16 (57.1) | 80 (52.3) | 18 (60.0) | 10 (43.5) | 17 (34.7) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Symptoms on admissionc | |||||||||||
| Rhinitis | 697/772 (90.3) | 313 (90.0) | 85 (89.5) | 49 (90.7) | 22 (88.0) | 135 (90.0) | 22 (75.9) | 21 (91.3) | 42 (85.7) | 8 (88.9) | .06 |
| Hoarseness | 121/649 (18.6) | 74 (26.6) | 7 (8.6) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (26.1) | 15 (11.5) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Stridor | 90/749 (12.1) | 40 (12.4) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (15.2) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (4.35) | 8 (18.2) | 3 (33.3) | .66 |
| Mild cough | 266/682 (39.0) | 103 (30.9) | 37 (48.7) | 22 (43.1) | 8 (36.4) | 59 (49.6) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (52.9) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Moderate/severe cough | 416/682 (61.0) | 230 (69.1) | 39 (51.3) | 29 (56.9) | 14 (63.6) | 60 (50.4) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (47.1) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Wheezing | 284/765 (37.1) | 153 (45.5) | 13 (13.4) | 23 (43.4) | 9 (34.6) | 63 (42.3) | 11 (39.3) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (15.6) | 2 (25.0) | <.001 |
| Rale | 338/768 (44.0) | 202 (59.4) | 25 (26.3) | 26 (48.2) | 8 (30.8) | 47 (31.3) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (27.3) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Indrawings | 292/763 (38.3) | 160 (47.3) | 17 (18.3) | 18 (33.3) | 7 (28.0) | 64 (42.7) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Tachypnea | 358/764 (46.9) | 194 (57.4) | 24 (25.3) | 23 (43.4) | 14 (51.9) | 68 (46.0) | 13 (48.2) | 6 (26.1) | 14 (31.8) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Flaring | 97/748 (13.0) | 53 (16.2) | 3 (3.26) | 9 (16.7) | 1 (3.9) | 19 (13.0) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (11.1) | .02 |
| Cyanosis | 61/750 (8.1) | 31 (9.31) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (8.1) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .34 |
| Apnea | 38/739 (5.1) | 17 (5.3) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (3.9) | 10 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | .94 |
| Characteristic . | Total (N = 797) . | RSV (n = 349) . | Influenza Virus (n = 100) . | HMPV (n = 56) . | PIV (n = 28) . | Rhinovirus (n = 153) . | Bocavirus (n = 30) . | Adenovirus (n = 23) . | Coronavirus (n = 49) . | Enterovirus (n = 9) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission diagnosis | |||||||||||
| Nonrespiratory | 181/797 (22.7) | 31 (8.9) | 40 (40.0) | 11 (19.6) | 8 (28.7) | 51 (33.3) | 7 (23.3) | 9 (39.1) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory | 616/797 (77.3) | 318 (91.1) | 60 (60.0) | 45 (80.4) | 20 (71.4) | 102 (66.7) | 23 (76.7) | 14 (60.9) | 29 (59.2) | 5 (55.6) | <.001 |
| URTI | 311/797 (39.0) | 76 (21.8) | 63 (63.0) | 23 (41.1) | 12 (42.9) | 73 (47.7) | 12 (40.0) | 13 (56.5) | 32 (65.3) | 7 (77.8) | <.001 |
| LRTI | 486/797 (61.0) | 273 (78.2) | 37 (37.0) | 33 (58.9) | 16 (57.1) | 80 (52.3) | 18 (60.0) | 10 (43.5) | 17 (34.7) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Symptoms on admissionc | |||||||||||
| Rhinitis | 697/772 (90.3) | 313 (90.0) | 85 (89.5) | 49 (90.7) | 22 (88.0) | 135 (90.0) | 22 (75.9) | 21 (91.3) | 42 (85.7) | 8 (88.9) | .06 |
| Hoarseness | 121/649 (18.6) | 74 (26.6) | 7 (8.6) | 8 (17.8) | 6 (26.1) | 15 (11.5) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Stridor | 90/749 (12.1) | 40 (12.4) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (15.2) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (4.35) | 8 (18.2) | 3 (33.3) | .66 |
| Mild cough | 266/682 (39.0) | 103 (30.9) | 37 (48.7) | 22 (43.1) | 8 (36.4) | 59 (49.6) | 8 (33.3) | 9 (52.9) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Moderate/severe cough | 416/682 (61.0) | 230 (69.1) | 39 (51.3) | 29 (56.9) | 14 (63.6) | 60 (50.4) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (47.1) | 16 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | <.001 |
| Wheezing | 284/765 (37.1) | 153 (45.5) | 13 (13.4) | 23 (43.4) | 9 (34.6) | 63 (42.3) | 11 (39.3) | 3 (13.0) | 7 (15.6) | 2 (25.0) | <.001 |
| Rale | 338/768 (44.0) | 202 (59.4) | 25 (26.3) | 26 (48.2) | 8 (30.8) | 47 (31.3) | 8 (29.6) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (27.3) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Indrawings | 292/763 (38.3) | 160 (47.3) | 17 (18.3) | 18 (33.3) | 7 (28.0) | 64 (42.7) | 9 (32.1) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Tachypnea | 358/764 (46.9) | 194 (57.4) | 24 (25.3) | 23 (43.4) | 14 (51.9) | 68 (46.0) | 13 (48.2) | 6 (26.1) | 14 (31.8) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Flaring | 97/748 (13.0) | 53 (16.2) | 3 (3.26) | 9 (16.7) | 1 (3.9) | 19 (13.0) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (11.1) | .02 |
| Cyanosis | 61/750 (8.1) | 31 (9.31) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (8.1) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .34 |
| Apnea | 38/739 (5.1) | 17 (5.3) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (3.9) | 10 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | .94 |
Data are presented as No. (%). Infections with relative frequency ≥60% are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: HMPV, human metapneumovirus; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus, URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.
No monoinfection detected for parechovirus.
P value for significant difference of RSV infection compared to other pathogens; tested with Pearson χ2 test.
Data were not available for all patients with monoinfections.
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