Measurements of AVA and AV Doppler parameters across age groups for both men and women
| Age . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . |
| n | 398 | 333 | 246 | 396 | 291 | 239 | ||
| LVOT diam. (cm) | 2.23 ± 0.19 | 2.17 ± 0.18 | 2.12 ± 0.19 | ↟*^# | 1.95 ± 0.15 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 1.94 ± 0.15 | ↟# |
| LVOT diam./BSA (cm/m2) | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | ↟* | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.14 | ↟* |
| LVOT diam./height (cm/m) | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | ↟^ | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.23 ± 0.10 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI (cm) | 19.3 ± 3.2 | 19.8 ± 3.4 | 20.4 ± 3.7 | ↟*^ | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 20.7 ± 3.8 | 20.7 ± 4.1 | ↟*^ |
| AV VTI (cm) | 22.1 ± 3.7 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 24.5 ± 4.8 | ↟*^# | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 4.6 | 25.4 ± 4.9 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI/AV VTI | 0.88 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | ↟^# | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | ↟^ |
| AV PGmean (mmHg) | 2.82 ± 0.82 | 2.96 ± 0.98 | 3.13 ± 1.07 | ↟*^ | 3.06 ± 0.87 | 3.19 ± 1.03 | 3.27 ± 1.16 | ↟^ |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.19 ± 0.20 | 1.22 ± 0.21 | ↟*^ | 1.21 ± 0.17 | 1.23 ± 0.20 | 1.25 ± 0.21 | ↟^ |
| AV area (cm2) | 3.46 ± 0.71 | 3.27 ± 0.70 | 2.99 ± 0.67 | ↟*^# | 2.55 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.53 | 2.45 ± 0.56 | ↟^# |
| AV area/BSA (cm2/m2) | 1.81 ± 0.34 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 1.63 ± 0.35 | ↟*^# | 1.56 ± 0.30 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 1.52 ± 0.36 | |
| AV area/height (cm2/m) | 1.97 ± 0.39 | 1.90 ± 0.39 | 1.75 ± 0.38 | ↟*^# | 1.58 ± 0.30 | 1.60 ± 0.32 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | |
| Age . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . |
| n | 398 | 333 | 246 | 396 | 291 | 239 | ||
| LVOT diam. (cm) | 2.23 ± 0.19 | 2.17 ± 0.18 | 2.12 ± 0.19 | ↟*^# | 1.95 ± 0.15 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 1.94 ± 0.15 | ↟# |
| LVOT diam./BSA (cm/m2) | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | ↟* | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.14 | ↟* |
| LVOT diam./height (cm/m) | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | ↟^ | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.23 ± 0.10 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI (cm) | 19.3 ± 3.2 | 19.8 ± 3.4 | 20.4 ± 3.7 | ↟*^ | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 20.7 ± 3.8 | 20.7 ± 4.1 | ↟*^ |
| AV VTI (cm) | 22.1 ± 3.7 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 24.5 ± 4.8 | ↟*^# | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 4.6 | 25.4 ± 4.9 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI/AV VTI | 0.88 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | ↟^# | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | ↟^ |
| AV PGmean (mmHg) | 2.82 ± 0.82 | 2.96 ± 0.98 | 3.13 ± 1.07 | ↟*^ | 3.06 ± 0.87 | 3.19 ± 1.03 | 3.27 ± 1.16 | ↟^ |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.19 ± 0.20 | 1.22 ± 0.21 | ↟*^ | 1.21 ± 0.17 | 1.23 ± 0.20 | 1.25 ± 0.21 | ↟^ |
| AV area (cm2) | 3.46 ± 0.71 | 3.27 ± 0.70 | 2.99 ± 0.67 | ↟*^# | 2.55 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.53 | 2.45 ± 0.56 | ↟^# |
| AV area/BSA (cm2/m2) | 1.81 ± 0.34 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 1.63 ± 0.35 | ↟*^# | 1.56 ± 0.30 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 1.52 ± 0.36 | |
| AV area/height (cm2/m) | 1.97 ± 0.39 | 1.90 ± 0.39 | 1.75 ± 0.38 | ↟*^# | 1.58 ± 0.30 | 1.60 ± 0.32 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | |
LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract, VTI, velocity–time integer, AV, aortic valve, AV PGmean, aortic valve mean pressure gradient, AV Vmax, aortic valve maximum velocity, BSA, body surface area. P < 0.05 by ↟ ANOVA; t-test for: * 18–40 vs. 41–65, ^ 18–40 vs. > 65, # 41–65 vs. > 65
Measurements of AVA and AV Doppler parameters across age groups for both men and women
| Age . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . |
| n | 398 | 333 | 246 | 396 | 291 | 239 | ||
| LVOT diam. (cm) | 2.23 ± 0.19 | 2.17 ± 0.18 | 2.12 ± 0.19 | ↟*^# | 1.95 ± 0.15 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 1.94 ± 0.15 | ↟# |
| LVOT diam./BSA (cm/m2) | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | ↟* | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.14 | ↟* |
| LVOT diam./height (cm/m) | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | ↟^ | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.23 ± 0.10 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI (cm) | 19.3 ± 3.2 | 19.8 ± 3.4 | 20.4 ± 3.7 | ↟*^ | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 20.7 ± 3.8 | 20.7 ± 4.1 | ↟*^ |
| AV VTI (cm) | 22.1 ± 3.7 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 24.5 ± 4.8 | ↟*^# | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 4.6 | 25.4 ± 4.9 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI/AV VTI | 0.88 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | ↟^# | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | ↟^ |
| AV PGmean (mmHg) | 2.82 ± 0.82 | 2.96 ± 0.98 | 3.13 ± 1.07 | ↟*^ | 3.06 ± 0.87 | 3.19 ± 1.03 | 3.27 ± 1.16 | ↟^ |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.19 ± 0.20 | 1.22 ± 0.21 | ↟*^ | 1.21 ± 0.17 | 1.23 ± 0.20 | 1.25 ± 0.21 | ↟^ |
| AV area (cm2) | 3.46 ± 0.71 | 3.27 ± 0.70 | 2.99 ± 0.67 | ↟*^# | 2.55 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.53 | 2.45 ± 0.56 | ↟^# |
| AV area/BSA (cm2/m2) | 1.81 ± 0.34 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 1.63 ± 0.35 | ↟*^# | 1.56 ± 0.30 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 1.52 ± 0.36 | |
| AV area/height (cm2/m) | 1.97 ± 0.39 | 1.90 ± 0.39 | 1.75 ± 0.38 | ↟*^# | 1.58 ± 0.30 | 1.60 ± 0.32 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | |
| Age . | Men . | Women . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . | 18–40 yrs . | 41–65 yrs . | >65 yrs . | P . |
| n | 398 | 333 | 246 | 396 | 291 | 239 | ||
| LVOT diam. (cm) | 2.23 ± 0.19 | 2.17 ± 0.18 | 2.12 ± 0.19 | ↟*^# | 1.95 ± 0.15 | 1.97 ± 0.15 | 1.94 ± 0.15 | ↟# |
| LVOT diam./BSA (cm/m2) | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | ↟* | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.18 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.14 | ↟* |
| LVOT diam./height (cm/m) | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | ↟^ | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.23 ± 0.10 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI (cm) | 19.3 ± 3.2 | 19.8 ± 3.4 | 20.4 ± 3.7 | ↟*^ | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 20.7 ± 3.8 | 20.7 ± 4.1 | ↟*^ |
| AV VTI (cm) | 22.1 ± 3.7 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 24.5 ± 4.8 | ↟*^# | 23.9 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 4.6 | 25.4 ± 4.9 | ↟*^ |
| LVOT VTI/AV VTI | 0.88 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.13 | ↟^# | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | ↟^ |
| AV PGmean (mmHg) | 2.82 ± 0.82 | 2.96 ± 0.98 | 3.13 ± 1.07 | ↟*^ | 3.06 ± 0.87 | 3.19 ± 1.03 | 3.27 ± 1.16 | ↟^ |
| AV Vmax (m/s) | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.19 ± 0.20 | 1.22 ± 0.21 | ↟*^ | 1.21 ± 0.17 | 1.23 ± 0.20 | 1.25 ± 0.21 | ↟^ |
| AV area (cm2) | 3.46 ± 0.71 | 3.27 ± 0.70 | 2.99 ± 0.67 | ↟*^# | 2.55 ± 0.52 | 2.57 ± 0.53 | 2.45 ± 0.56 | ↟^# |
| AV area/BSA (cm2/m2) | 1.81 ± 0.34 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 1.63 ± 0.35 | ↟*^# | 1.56 ± 0.30 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 1.52 ± 0.36 | |
| AV area/height (cm2/m) | 1.97 ± 0.39 | 1.90 ± 0.39 | 1.75 ± 0.38 | ↟*^# | 1.58 ± 0.30 | 1.60 ± 0.32 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | |
LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract, VTI, velocity–time integer, AV, aortic valve, AV PGmean, aortic valve mean pressure gradient, AV Vmax, aortic valve maximum velocity, BSA, body surface area. P < 0.05 by ↟ ANOVA; t-test for: * 18–40 vs. 41–65, ^ 18–40 vs. > 65, # 41–65 vs. > 65
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