Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics

Overall population (N = 340)MR non-improvers (N = 140)MR improvers (N = 200)P- value
Age, years66 (±10)65 (±11)67 (±9)0.062
Male sex (%)249 (73.2%)105 (75.0%)144 (72.0%)0.539
Arterial hypertension (%)169 (49.7%)68 (50.4%)101 (49.2%)0.840
Diabetes mellitus (%)65 (19.1%)29 (20.7%)36 (18.0%)0.531
Dyslipidaemia (%)142 (42.5%)57 (41.6%)85 (43.1%)0.779
Current smoker (%)48 (14.2%)18 (13.0%)30 (15.1%)0.142
BMI, kg/m226.1 (±3.9)25.7 (±3.9)26.5 (±3.9)0.064
Ischaemic aetiology (%)199 (58.5%)86 (61.4%)113 (56.5%)0.364
PCI25 (7.4%)14 (10.0%)11 (5.5%)0.118
CABG35 (10.3%)14 (10.0%)21 (10.5%)0.881
QoL score31 (17–45)36 (20–51)26 (14–43)0.001
6MWT, metres331 (±111)320 (±108)340 (±112)0.138
NYHA III-IV (%)236 (69.8%)107 (76.4%)129 (65.2%)0.026
Sinus rhythm (%)233 (68.5%)89 (63.6%)144 (72.0%)0.218
QRS duration, ms157 (±34)157 (±36)158 (±33)0.847
Beta-blocker (%)250 (73.5%)101 (72.1%)149 (74.5%)0.628
ACE-i/ARB (%)301 (88.5%)119 (85.0%)182 (91.0%)0.088
MRA (%)147 (43.2%)63 (45.0%)84 (42.0%)0.583
Diuretics (%)286 (84.1%)120 (85.7%)166 (83.0%)0.500
Statin (%)197 (57.9%)79 (56.4%)118 (59.0%)0.636
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m263.2 (±22.7)62.6 (±24.8)63.7 (±21.2)0.667
Haemoglobin, g/dL13.3 (±1.6)13.0 (±1.6)13.4 (±1.4)0.002
Overall population (N = 340)MR non-improvers (N = 140)MR improvers (N = 200)P- value
Age, years66 (±10)65 (±11)67 (±9)0.062
Male sex (%)249 (73.2%)105 (75.0%)144 (72.0%)0.539
Arterial hypertension (%)169 (49.7%)68 (50.4%)101 (49.2%)0.840
Diabetes mellitus (%)65 (19.1%)29 (20.7%)36 (18.0%)0.531
Dyslipidaemia (%)142 (42.5%)57 (41.6%)85 (43.1%)0.779
Current smoker (%)48 (14.2%)18 (13.0%)30 (15.1%)0.142
BMI, kg/m226.1 (±3.9)25.7 (±3.9)26.5 (±3.9)0.064
Ischaemic aetiology (%)199 (58.5%)86 (61.4%)113 (56.5%)0.364
PCI25 (7.4%)14 (10.0%)11 (5.5%)0.118
CABG35 (10.3%)14 (10.0%)21 (10.5%)0.881
QoL score31 (17–45)36 (20–51)26 (14–43)0.001
6MWT, metres331 (±111)320 (±108)340 (±112)0.138
NYHA III-IV (%)236 (69.8%)107 (76.4%)129 (65.2%)0.026
Sinus rhythm (%)233 (68.5%)89 (63.6%)144 (72.0%)0.218
QRS duration, ms157 (±34)157 (±36)158 (±33)0.847
Beta-blocker (%)250 (73.5%)101 (72.1%)149 (74.5%)0.628
ACE-i/ARB (%)301 (88.5%)119 (85.0%)182 (91.0%)0.088
MRA (%)147 (43.2%)63 (45.0%)84 (42.0%)0.583
Diuretics (%)286 (84.1%)120 (85.7%)166 (83.0%)0.500
Statin (%)197 (57.9%)79 (56.4%)118 (59.0%)0.636
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m263.2 (±22.7)62.6 (±24.8)63.7 (±21.2)0.667
Haemoglobin, g/dL13.3 (±1.6)13.0 (±1.6)13.4 (±1.4)0.002

Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%). Values in bold have a P-value < 0.05.

ACE-i, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; MWT, minute walking test; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; QoL, quality of life.

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics

Overall population (N = 340)MR non-improvers (N = 140)MR improvers (N = 200)P- value
Age, years66 (±10)65 (±11)67 (±9)0.062
Male sex (%)249 (73.2%)105 (75.0%)144 (72.0%)0.539
Arterial hypertension (%)169 (49.7%)68 (50.4%)101 (49.2%)0.840
Diabetes mellitus (%)65 (19.1%)29 (20.7%)36 (18.0%)0.531
Dyslipidaemia (%)142 (42.5%)57 (41.6%)85 (43.1%)0.779
Current smoker (%)48 (14.2%)18 (13.0%)30 (15.1%)0.142
BMI, kg/m226.1 (±3.9)25.7 (±3.9)26.5 (±3.9)0.064
Ischaemic aetiology (%)199 (58.5%)86 (61.4%)113 (56.5%)0.364
PCI25 (7.4%)14 (10.0%)11 (5.5%)0.118
CABG35 (10.3%)14 (10.0%)21 (10.5%)0.881
QoL score31 (17–45)36 (20–51)26 (14–43)0.001
6MWT, metres331 (±111)320 (±108)340 (±112)0.138
NYHA III-IV (%)236 (69.8%)107 (76.4%)129 (65.2%)0.026
Sinus rhythm (%)233 (68.5%)89 (63.6%)144 (72.0%)0.218
QRS duration, ms157 (±34)157 (±36)158 (±33)0.847
Beta-blocker (%)250 (73.5%)101 (72.1%)149 (74.5%)0.628
ACE-i/ARB (%)301 (88.5%)119 (85.0%)182 (91.0%)0.088
MRA (%)147 (43.2%)63 (45.0%)84 (42.0%)0.583
Diuretics (%)286 (84.1%)120 (85.7%)166 (83.0%)0.500
Statin (%)197 (57.9%)79 (56.4%)118 (59.0%)0.636
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m263.2 (±22.7)62.6 (±24.8)63.7 (±21.2)0.667
Haemoglobin, g/dL13.3 (±1.6)13.0 (±1.6)13.4 (±1.4)0.002
Overall population (N = 340)MR non-improvers (N = 140)MR improvers (N = 200)P- value
Age, years66 (±10)65 (±11)67 (±9)0.062
Male sex (%)249 (73.2%)105 (75.0%)144 (72.0%)0.539
Arterial hypertension (%)169 (49.7%)68 (50.4%)101 (49.2%)0.840
Diabetes mellitus (%)65 (19.1%)29 (20.7%)36 (18.0%)0.531
Dyslipidaemia (%)142 (42.5%)57 (41.6%)85 (43.1%)0.779
Current smoker (%)48 (14.2%)18 (13.0%)30 (15.1%)0.142
BMI, kg/m226.1 (±3.9)25.7 (±3.9)26.5 (±3.9)0.064
Ischaemic aetiology (%)199 (58.5%)86 (61.4%)113 (56.5%)0.364
PCI25 (7.4%)14 (10.0%)11 (5.5%)0.118
CABG35 (10.3%)14 (10.0%)21 (10.5%)0.881
QoL score31 (17–45)36 (20–51)26 (14–43)0.001
6MWT, metres331 (±111)320 (±108)340 (±112)0.138
NYHA III-IV (%)236 (69.8%)107 (76.4%)129 (65.2%)0.026
Sinus rhythm (%)233 (68.5%)89 (63.6%)144 (72.0%)0.218
QRS duration, ms157 (±34)157 (±36)158 (±33)0.847
Beta-blocker (%)250 (73.5%)101 (72.1%)149 (74.5%)0.628
ACE-i/ARB (%)301 (88.5%)119 (85.0%)182 (91.0%)0.088
MRA (%)147 (43.2%)63 (45.0%)84 (42.0%)0.583
Diuretics (%)286 (84.1%)120 (85.7%)166 (83.0%)0.500
Statin (%)197 (57.9%)79 (56.4%)118 (59.0%)0.636
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m263.2 (±22.7)62.6 (±24.8)63.7 (±21.2)0.667
Haemoglobin, g/dL13.3 (±1.6)13.0 (±1.6)13.4 (±1.4)0.002

Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%). Values in bold have a P-value < 0.05.

ACE-i, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; MWT, minute walking test; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; QoL, quality of life.

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