Comparisons of Blood and Stool Cytokines in Immunocompromised Subjects, Nonimmunocompromised Hosts, and Asymptomatic Carriers
| Analyte . | ICH (n = 42) . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | P Value . | BH . | BF . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | .083 | NS | NS |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | .291 | NS | NS |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | .165 | NS | NS |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | .753 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | .688 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | .470 | NS | NS |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | .154 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | .005 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | .331 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | .068 | NS | NS |
| Analyte . | ICH (n = 42) . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | P Value . | BH . | BF . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | .083 | NS | NS |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | .291 | NS | NS |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | .165 | NS | NS |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | .753 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | .688 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | .470 | NS | NS |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | .154 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | .005 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | .331 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | .068 | NS | NS |
| . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.03571 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .052 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .093 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .053 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.03571 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .052 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .093 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .053 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | ICH (n = 42) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.05 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .011 | SIG | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .010 | SIG | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .745 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | ICH (n = 42) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.05 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .011 | SIG | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .010 | SIG | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .745 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are presented as median (interquartile range) picograms per milliliter. Data include only cytokines that were found to be statistically significantly different using both Benjamini-Hochberg and Bonferroni methods.
Abbreviations: ASC, asymptomatic carrier of Clostridioides difficile; BF, Bonferroni corrected significance level (q*); BH, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected significance level (q*); G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; ICH, immunocompromised host; IL, interleukin; non-ICH, nonimmunocompromised host; NS, nonsignificant, SIG, significant; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Comparisons of Blood and Stool Cytokines in Immunocompromised Subjects, Nonimmunocompromised Hosts, and Asymptomatic Carriers
| Analyte . | ICH (n = 42) . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | P Value . | BH . | BF . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | .083 | NS | NS |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | .291 | NS | NS |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | .165 | NS | NS |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | .753 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | .688 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | .470 | NS | NS |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | .154 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | .005 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | .331 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | .068 | NS | NS |
| Analyte . | ICH (n = 42) . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | P Value . | BH . | BF . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | .083 | NS | NS |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | .291 | NS | NS |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | .165 | NS | NS |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | .753 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | .688 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | .470 | NS | NS |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | .154 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.01666 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | .005 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | .331 | NS | NS |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | .068 | NS | NS |
| . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.03571 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .052 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .093 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .053 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | Non-ICH (n = 50) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.03571 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 28.16 (13.27–99.72) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 14.30 (2.92–33.35) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 3.54 (0.76–9.41) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | .004 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–31.92) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .052 | NS | NS |
| IL-6 | 11.33 (1.87–39.43) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 62.94 (26.92–115.58) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 10.80 (7.42–18.36) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .093 | NS | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–2.35) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .053 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 9.71 (1.95–1595.77) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 11.62 (2.77–109.73) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | ICH (n = 42) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.05 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .011 | SIG | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .010 | SIG | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .745 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| . | ICH (n = 42) . | ASC (n = 31) . | . | . | . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | q* = 0.05 | q* = 0.00714 | |||
| G-CSF | 63.70 (15.63–627.78) | 9.84 (3.80–21.19) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-10 | 15.63 (5.68–41.99) | 2.05 (1.24–16.25) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-15 | 4.73 (0.76–14.08) | 0.76 (0.76–1.62) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-4 | 0.21 (0.21–9.12) | 0.41 (0.41–0.41) | .011 | SIG | NS |
| IL-6 | 10.68 (3.47–69.88) | 0.54 (0.14–5.80) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 57.11 (23.66–100.80) | 21.00 (8.97–40.23) | .001 | SIG | SIG |
| TNF-α | 15.20 (7.42–24.77) | 8.53 (4.07–15.26) | .010 | SIG | NS |
| Stool | q* = 0.03333 | q* = 0.01666 | |||
| IL-10 | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) | .745 | NS | NS |
| IL-1β | 10.97 (1.57–195.10) | 0.56 (0.56–0.56) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
| IL-8 | 5.11 (0.41–41.72) | 0.41 (0.41–2.35) | <.001 | SIG | SIG |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are presented as median (interquartile range) picograms per milliliter. Data include only cytokines that were found to be statistically significantly different using both Benjamini-Hochberg and Bonferroni methods.
Abbreviations: ASC, asymptomatic carrier of Clostridioides difficile; BF, Bonferroni corrected significance level (q*); BH, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected significance level (q*); G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; ICH, immunocompromised host; IL, interleukin; non-ICH, nonimmunocompromised host; NS, nonsignificant, SIG, significant; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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