TABLE 1
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IFN-γ production by macrophage populations

Macrophage (species)Purity/phenotypeStimuliIFN-γ production (techniques)References
Peritoneal exudate (mice)>95% F4/80+ None
IFN-γ
IFN-γ + LPS		 (−) mRNA (FISH)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR, FISH)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		5
>95% F4/80+ None
IL-12		 (−) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)		6
>95% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD4+, B220+, CD8+		 None, IL-12
IL-12 + IL-18
IL-18
TNF-α ± IL-12 or IL-18 or LPS or LPS + IL-18
IL-12 + IL-18 ± IL-4 or IL-10 or IL-13 or TGF-β
LPS + IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		88
85% None
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) after LT or NK depletion (+) intracellular protein (IF)		4
>99% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD3+, DX-5+		IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)18
99% CD68+IL-12 + IL-18(−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (−) protein level (ELISA)14
99% F4/80+L. pneumoniae ± L-12(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)10
98% - 99% Mac-1+IL-12 + IL-18 and then LPS(+) intracellular protein (IF)15
BMDMs
(mice)		F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+ CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19− None
C. pneumoniae		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) intracellular protein (IF) (+) protein level (ELISA)		9
F4/80+, Mac-1+, I-AK+, B7.1+, CD16/32+, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19−, CD5− IL-12 + IL-18
IL-12 or IL-18		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR, FISH) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		19
>98% Mac-1+, FcγRIL-12 + L-18(+) protein level (ELISA)16
95%-98% CD11b+, F4/80+ IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)		14
F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+C. pneumoniae (+) mRNA in infected-wild-type cells
(−) mRNA in infected-TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− or Stat−/− cells		12
Cell line (mice)Not applicable IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)		14
IL-12 IL-18(−) protein level (ELISA)19
LPS(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)4
Alveolar (human) >99% esterase+  
< 1% contaminating lymphocytes		 None
Mtb (H37Rvirulent)
Mtb (H37Ravirulent)
LPS or Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-10
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-12
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + anti-IL-12 or IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		22
>95% macrophage (from sarcoidosis patients)None(+) protein level (ELISA)20
98% macrophage (from M. bovis infected mice) None, LPS, Mtb-DPP
IL-12 or LPS or live BCG
IL-12 + LPS or IL-12 + live BCG
IL-12 + heat-inactivated BCG or IL-12 + Mtb-DPP		 (+) protein level (ELISA) for wild-type but not IL-12−/−  
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		7
Placental (human)CD14+C. burnetii(+) protein level (ELISA)17
MDMs (human) CD14+, CD68+  
< 0.1% CD56+, CD3+		IL-12 + IL-18(+) intracellular protein (ESA, IHC)21
90% CD14+S. typhimurium  
S. typhimurium + IFN-γ
S. typhimurium + anti-IFN-α/β
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18 + anti-IFN-α/β		 (+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
() protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) 40% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 50% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 20% compared with S. typhimurium infection		13
Macrophage (species)Purity/phenotypeStimuliIFN-γ production (techniques)References
Peritoneal exudate (mice)>95% F4/80+ None
IFN-γ
IFN-γ + LPS		 (−) mRNA (FISH)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR, FISH)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		5
>95% F4/80+ None
IL-12		 (−) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)		6
>95% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD4+, B220+, CD8+		 None, IL-12
IL-12 + IL-18
IL-18
TNF-α ± IL-12 or IL-18 or LPS or LPS + IL-18
IL-12 + IL-18 ± IL-4 or IL-10 or IL-13 or TGF-β
LPS + IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		88
85% None
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) after LT or NK depletion (+) intracellular protein (IF)		4
>99% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD3+, DX-5+		IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)18
99% CD68+IL-12 + IL-18(−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (−) protein level (ELISA)14
99% F4/80+L. pneumoniae ± L-12(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)10
98% - 99% Mac-1+IL-12 + IL-18 and then LPS(+) intracellular protein (IF)15
BMDMs
(mice)		F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+ CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19− None
C. pneumoniae		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) intracellular protein (IF) (+) protein level (ELISA)		9
F4/80+, Mac-1+, I-AK+, B7.1+, CD16/32+, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19−, CD5− IL-12 + IL-18
IL-12 or IL-18		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR, FISH) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		19
>98% Mac-1+, FcγRIL-12 + L-18(+) protein level (ELISA)16
95%-98% CD11b+, F4/80+ IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)		14
F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+C. pneumoniae (+) mRNA in infected-wild-type cells
(−) mRNA in infected-TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− or Stat−/− cells		12
Cell line (mice)Not applicable IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)		14
IL-12 IL-18(−) protein level (ELISA)19
LPS(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)4
Alveolar (human) >99% esterase+  
< 1% contaminating lymphocytes		 None
Mtb (H37Rvirulent)
Mtb (H37Ravirulent)
LPS or Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-10
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-12
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + anti-IL-12 or IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		22
>95% macrophage (from sarcoidosis patients)None(+) protein level (ELISA)20
98% macrophage (from M. bovis infected mice) None, LPS, Mtb-DPP
IL-12 or LPS or live BCG
IL-12 + LPS or IL-12 + live BCG
IL-12 + heat-inactivated BCG or IL-12 + Mtb-DPP		 (+) protein level (ELISA) for wild-type but not IL-12−/−  
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		7
Placental (human)CD14+C. burnetii(+) protein level (ELISA)17
MDMs (human) CD14+, CD68+  
< 0.1% CD56+, CD3+		IL-12 + IL-18(+) intracellular protein (ESA, IHC)21
90% CD14+S. typhimurium  
S. typhimurium + IFN-γ
S. typhimurium + anti-IFN-α/β
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18 + anti-IFN-α/β		 (+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
() protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) 40% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 50% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 20% compared with S. typhimurium infection		13
TABLE 1
Open in new tab

IFN-γ production by macrophage populations

Macrophage (species)Purity/phenotypeStimuliIFN-γ production (techniques)References
Peritoneal exudate (mice)>95% F4/80+ None
IFN-γ
IFN-γ + LPS		 (−) mRNA (FISH)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR, FISH)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		5
>95% F4/80+ None
IL-12		 (−) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)		6
>95% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD4+, B220+, CD8+		 None, IL-12
IL-12 + IL-18
IL-18
TNF-α ± IL-12 or IL-18 or LPS or LPS + IL-18
IL-12 + IL-18 ± IL-4 or IL-10 or IL-13 or TGF-β
LPS + IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		88
85% None
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) after LT or NK depletion (+) intracellular protein (IF)		4
>99% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD3+, DX-5+		IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)18
99% CD68+IL-12 + IL-18(−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (−) protein level (ELISA)14
99% F4/80+L. pneumoniae ± L-12(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)10
98% - 99% Mac-1+IL-12 + IL-18 and then LPS(+) intracellular protein (IF)15
BMDMs
(mice)		F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+ CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19− None
C. pneumoniae		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) intracellular protein (IF) (+) protein level (ELISA)		9
F4/80+, Mac-1+, I-AK+, B7.1+, CD16/32+, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19−, CD5− IL-12 + IL-18
IL-12 or IL-18		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR, FISH) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		19
>98% Mac-1+, FcγRIL-12 + L-18(+) protein level (ELISA)16
95%-98% CD11b+, F4/80+ IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)		14
F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+C. pneumoniae (+) mRNA in infected-wild-type cells
(−) mRNA in infected-TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− or Stat−/− cells		12
Cell line (mice)Not applicable IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)		14
IL-12 IL-18(−) protein level (ELISA)19
LPS(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)4
Alveolar (human) >99% esterase+  
< 1% contaminating lymphocytes		 None
Mtb (H37Rvirulent)
Mtb (H37Ravirulent)
LPS or Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-10
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-12
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + anti-IL-12 or IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		22
>95% macrophage (from sarcoidosis patients)None(+) protein level (ELISA)20
98% macrophage (from M. bovis infected mice) None, LPS, Mtb-DPP
IL-12 or LPS or live BCG
IL-12 + LPS or IL-12 + live BCG
IL-12 + heat-inactivated BCG or IL-12 + Mtb-DPP		 (+) protein level (ELISA) for wild-type but not IL-12−/−  
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		7
Placental (human)CD14+C. burnetii(+) protein level (ELISA)17
MDMs (human) CD14+, CD68+  
< 0.1% CD56+, CD3+		IL-12 + IL-18(+) intracellular protein (ESA, IHC)21
90% CD14+S. typhimurium  
S. typhimurium + IFN-γ
S. typhimurium + anti-IFN-α/β
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18 + anti-IFN-α/β		 (+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
() protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) 40% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 50% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 20% compared with S. typhimurium infection		13
Macrophage (species)Purity/phenotypeStimuliIFN-γ production (techniques)References
Peritoneal exudate (mice)>95% F4/80+ None
IFN-γ
IFN-γ + LPS		 (−) mRNA (FISH)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR, FISH)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		5
>95% F4/80+ None
IL-12		 (−) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)
(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA) (+) intracellular protein (IF)		6
>95% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD4+, B220+, CD8+		 None, IL-12
IL-12 + IL-18
IL-18
TNF-α ± IL-12 or IL-18 or LPS or LPS + IL-18
IL-12 + IL-18 ± IL-4 or IL-10 or IL-13 or TGF-β
LPS + IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		88
85% None
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) after LT or NK depletion (+) intracellular protein (IF)		4
>99% F4/80+, Mac-1+  
< 1% CD3+, DX-5+		IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18(+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)18
99% CD68+IL-12 + IL-18(−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (−) protein level (ELISA)14
99% F4/80+L. pneumoniae ± L-12(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)10
98% - 99% Mac-1+IL-12 + IL-18 and then LPS(+) intracellular protein (IF)15
BMDMs
(mice)		F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+ CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19− None
C. pneumoniae		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (+) intracellular protein (IF) (+) protein level (ELISA)		9
F4/80+, Mac-1+, I-AK+, B7.1+, CD16/32+, CD3−, CD4−, CD8−, CD19−, CD5− IL-12 + IL-18
IL-12 or IL-18		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR, FISH) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		19
>98% Mac-1+, FcγRIL-12 + L-18(+) protein level (ELISA)16
95%-98% CD11b+, F4/80+ IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(+) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)		14
F4/80+, Mac-3+, CD14+C. pneumoniae (+) mRNA in infected-wild-type cells
(−) mRNA in infected-TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− or Stat−/− cells		12
Cell line (mice)Not applicable IL-12 or IL-18 or IL-12 + IL-18
LPS		 (−) mRNA (RT-PCR) (-) protein level (ELISA)
(−) mRNA (RT-PCR)		14
IL-12 IL-18(−) protein level (ELISA)19
LPS(+) mRNA (RT-PCR)4
Alveolar (human) >99% esterase+  
< 1% contaminating lymphocytes		 None
Mtb (H37Rvirulent)
Mtb (H37Ravirulent)
LPS or Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-10
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + IL-12
Mtb (H37R avirulent) + anti-IL-12 or IL-12		 (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) (+) mRNA (RT-PCR and RT-in situ PCR)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(−) protein level (ELISA)		22
>95% macrophage (from sarcoidosis patients)None(+) protein level (ELISA)20
98% macrophage (from M. bovis infected mice) None, LPS, Mtb-DPP
IL-12 or LPS or live BCG
IL-12 + LPS or IL-12 + live BCG
IL-12 + heat-inactivated BCG or IL-12 + Mtb-DPP		 (+) protein level (ELISA) for wild-type but not IL-12−/−  
(−) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA)		7
Placental (human)CD14+C. burnetii(+) protein level (ELISA)17
MDMs (human) CD14+, CD68+  
< 0.1% CD56+, CD3+		IL-12 + IL-18(+) intracellular protein (ESA, IHC)21
90% CD14+S. typhimurium  
S. typhimurium + IFN-γ
S. typhimurium + anti-IFN-α/β
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18
S. typhimurium + anti-IL-12 + anti-IL-18 + anti-IFN-α/β		 (+) mRNA (RNA-PCR) (+) protein level (ELISA)
() protein level (ELISA)
(+) protein level (ELISA) 40% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 50% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 30% compared with S. typhimurium infection
(+) protein level (ELISA) 20% compared with S. typhimurium infection		13
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