Mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) of the impacts for the Manski model without lagged covariates fitted to the Columbus data set†
| Method . | Results for INC . | Results for HOVAL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . |
| MCMC | −0.96 (0.37) | −0.46 (0.42) | −1.42 (0.66) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.14) | −0.44 (0.20) |
| INLA within MCMC | −0.97 (0.33) | −0.44 (0.35) | −1.40 (0.48) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| INLA within CCD | −1.06 (0.40) | −0.54 (0.29) | −1.60 (0.49) | −0.29 (0.12) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.44 (0.15) |
| INLA at ML | −1.06 (0.32) | −0.53 (0.36) | −1.59 (0.48) | −0.29 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.11) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| ML | −1.10 (—) | −0.55 (—) | −1.65 (—) | −0.29 (—) | −0.15 (—) | −0.44 (—) |
| Method . | Results for INC . | Results for HOVAL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . |
| MCMC | −0.96 (0.37) | −0.46 (0.42) | −1.42 (0.66) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.14) | −0.44 (0.20) |
| INLA within MCMC | −0.97 (0.33) | −0.44 (0.35) | −1.40 (0.48) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| INLA within CCD | −1.06 (0.40) | −0.54 (0.29) | −1.60 (0.49) | −0.29 (0.12) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.44 (0.15) |
| INLA at ML | −1.06 (0.32) | −0.53 (0.36) | −1.59 (0.48) | −0.29 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.11) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| ML | −1.10 (—) | −0.55 (—) | −1.65 (—) | −0.29 (—) | −0.15 (—) | −0.44 (—) |
†The covariates are housing value HOVAL and household income INC.
Mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) of the impacts for the Manski model without lagged covariates fitted to the Columbus data set†
| Method . | Results for INC . | Results for HOVAL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . |
| MCMC | −0.96 (0.37) | −0.46 (0.42) | −1.42 (0.66) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.14) | −0.44 (0.20) |
| INLA within MCMC | −0.97 (0.33) | −0.44 (0.35) | −1.40 (0.48) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| INLA within CCD | −1.06 (0.40) | −0.54 (0.29) | −1.60 (0.49) | −0.29 (0.12) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.44 (0.15) |
| INLA at ML | −1.06 (0.32) | −0.53 (0.36) | −1.59 (0.48) | −0.29 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.11) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| ML | −1.10 (—) | −0.55 (—) | −1.65 (—) | −0.29 (—) | −0.15 (—) | −0.44 (—) |
| Method . | Results for INC . | Results for HOVAL . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . | Direct . | Indirect . | Total . |
| MCMC | −0.96 (0.37) | −0.46 (0.42) | −1.42 (0.66) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.14) | −0.44 (0.20) |
| INLA within MCMC | −0.97 (0.33) | −0.44 (0.35) | −1.40 (0.48) | −0.30 (0.10) | −0.13 (0.10) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| INLA within CCD | −1.06 (0.40) | −0.54 (0.29) | −1.60 (0.49) | −0.29 (0.12) | −0.15 (0.09) | −0.44 (0.15) |
| INLA at ML | −1.06 (0.32) | −0.53 (0.36) | −1.59 (0.48) | −0.29 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.11) | −0.43 (0.14) |
| ML | −1.10 (—) | −0.55 (—) | −1.65 (—) | −0.29 (—) | −0.15 (—) | −0.44 (—) |
†The covariates are housing value HOVAL and household income INC.
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