Table 2. Open in new tab Univariate and...

Parameters

Unadjusted HR
(95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HR
(95% CI)

P value

Gender

0.71 (0.37–1.38)

0.322

0.02 (0–0.28)

0.003

Age, years

1.01 (0.98–1.03)

0.401

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

0.253

BMI, kg/m²

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.183

0.99 (0.89–1.09)

0.874

Comorbid diseases

Cardiovascular disease

1.08 (0.58–2.01)

0.787

4.76 (1.04–21.72)

0.043

Diabetes mellitus

1.09 (0.59–2.03)

0.770

1.03 (0.26–4.02)

0.962

Hypertension

0.79 (0.4–1.54)

0.499

1.09 (0.29–4.06)

0.896

Chronic lung disease

1.14 (0.55–2.38)

0.710

0.67 (0.11–3.80)

0.654

Arterial blood gas analysis

0.14 (0–2.23)

0.164

115.08 (0–333366)

0.460

PaCO₂

1 (0.97–1.04)

0.634

0.99 (0.89–1.1)

0.920

HCO3⁻

0.98 (0.9–1.06)

0.626

1.11 (0.82–1.49)

0.485

ONSD, mm

1.96 (1.27–3.01)

0.002

4.12 (1.46–11.55)

0.007

APACHE II score

1.12 (1.05–1.18)

<0.001

1.34 (1.02–1.75)

0.033

SOFA score

1.23 (1.1–1.36)

<0.001

0.47 (0.25–0.91)

0.025

GCS at admission

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.001

0.69 (0.48–1)

0.055

PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio, mmHg

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.005

0.98 (0.95–1)

0.142

IMV

1.41 (0.7–2.86)

0.333

0.16 (0.02–1.06)

0.058

Glucose, mg/dl

1 (1–1)

0.010

1.01 (1–1.02)

<0.001

Urea, mg/dl

0.99 (0.98–1)

0.153

0.95 (0.93–0.98)

0.002

Creatine, mg/dl

1.07 (0.53–2.17)

0.839

0.76 (0.14–4.19)

0.760

Sodium, mmol/l

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

0.004

1.15 (1.01–1.30)

0.029

Potassium, mmol/l

0.88 (0.58–1.33)

0.549

2.99 (1.07–8.36)

0.036

AST, U/l

0.99 (0.98–1)

0.332

0.97 (0.95–1)

0.119

ALT, U/l

0.99 (0.99–1)

0.495

1.04 (1–1.07)

0.017

Albumin, g/dl

0.79 (0.34–1.83)

0.590

0.34 (0.02–4.48)

0.418

CRP, mg/dl

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

0.200

1.08 (0.96–1.22)

0.185

D-dimer, ug/l

1 (1–1)

0.859

1 (1–1)

0.844

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses on demographic, comorbidities, clinical characteristics and optic nerve sheath diameter related to in-hospital mortality in patients with critical COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (Model 1)

Parameters	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Gender	0.71 (0.37–1.38)	0.322	0.02 (0–0.28)	0.003
Age, years	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	0.401	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.253
BMI, kg/m²	1.03 (0.98–1.08)	0.183	0.99 (0.89–1.09)	0.874
Comorbid diseases
Cardiovascular disease	1.08 (0.58–2.01)	0.787	4.76 (1.04–21.72)	0.043
Diabetes mellitus	1.09 (0.59–2.03)	0.770	1.03 (0.26–4.02)	0.962
Hypertension	0.79 (0.4–1.54)	0.499	1.09 (0.29–4.06)	0.896
Chronic lung disease	1.14 (0.55–2.38)	0.710	0.67 (0.11–3.80)	0.654
Arterial blood gas analysis
pH	0.14 (0–2.23)	0.164	115.08 (0–333366)	0.460
PaCO₂	1 (0.97–1.04)	0.634	0.99 (0.89–1.1)	0.920
HCO3⁻	0.98 (0.9–1.06)	0.626	1.11 (0.82–1.49)	0.485
ONSD, mm	1.96 (1.27–3.01)	0.002	4.12 (1.46–11.55)	0.007
APACHE II score	1.12 (1.05–1.18)	<0.001	1.34 (1.02–1.75)	0.033
SOFA score	1.23 (1.1–1.36)	<0.001	0.47 (0.25–0.91)	0.025
GCS at admission	0.85 (0.77–0.93)	0.001	0.69 (0.48–1)	0.055
PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio, mmHg	0.98 (0.98–0.99)	0.005	0.98 (0.95–1)	0.142
IMV	1.41 (0.7–2.86)	0.333	0.16 (0.02–1.06)	0.058
Glucose, mg/dl	1 (1–1)	0.010	1.01 (1–1.02)	<0.001
Urea, mg/dl	0.99 (0.98–1)	0.153	0.95 (0.93–0.98)	0.002
Creatine, mg/dl	1.07 (0.53–2.17)	0.839	0.76 (0.14–4.19)	0.760
Sodium, mmol/l	1.08 (1.02–1.14)	0.004	1.15 (1.01–1.30)	0.029
Potassium, mmol/l	0.88 (0.58–1.33)	0.549	2.99 (1.07–8.36)	0.036
AST, U/l	0.99 (0.98–1)	0.332	0.97 (0.95–1)	0.119
ALT, U/l	0.99 (0.99–1)	0.495	1.04 (1–1.07)	0.017
Albumin, g/dl	0.79 (0.34–1.83)	0.590	0.34 (0.02–4.48)	0.418
CRP, mg/dl	1.02 (0.98–1.07)	0.200	1.08 (0.96–1.22)	0.185
D-dimer, ug/l	1 (1–1)	0.859	1 (1–1)	0.844

Parameters	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Gender	0.71 (0.37–1.38)	0.322	0.02 (0–0.28)	0.003
Age, years	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	0.401	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.253
BMI, kg/m²	1.03 (0.98–1.08)	0.183	0.99 (0.89–1.09)	0.874
Comorbid diseases
Cardiovascular disease	1.08 (0.58–2.01)	0.787	4.76 (1.04–21.72)	0.043
Diabetes mellitus	1.09 (0.59–2.03)	0.770	1.03 (0.26–4.02)	0.962
Hypertension	0.79 (0.4–1.54)	0.499	1.09 (0.29–4.06)	0.896
Chronic lung disease	1.14 (0.55–2.38)	0.710	0.67 (0.11–3.80)	0.654
Arterial blood gas analysis
pH	0.14 (0–2.23)	0.164	115.08 (0–333366)	0.460
PaCO₂	1 (0.97–1.04)	0.634	0.99 (0.89–1.1)	0.920
HCO3⁻	0.98 (0.9–1.06)	0.626	1.11 (0.82–1.49)	0.485
ONSD, mm	1.96 (1.27–3.01)	0.002	4.12 (1.46–11.55)	0.007
APACHE II score	1.12 (1.05–1.18)	<0.001	1.34 (1.02–1.75)	0.033
SOFA score	1.23 (1.1–1.36)	<0.001	0.47 (0.25–0.91)	0.025
GCS at admission	0.85 (0.77–0.93)	0.001	0.69 (0.48–1)	0.055
PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio, mmHg	0.98 (0.98–0.99)	0.005	0.98 (0.95–1)	0.142
IMV	1.41 (0.7–2.86)	0.333	0.16 (0.02–1.06)	0.058
Glucose, mg/dl	1 (1–1)	0.010	1.01 (1–1.02)	<0.001
Urea, mg/dl	0.99 (0.98–1)	0.153	0.95 (0.93–0.98)	0.002
Creatine, mg/dl	1.07 (0.53–2.17)	0.839	0.76 (0.14–4.19)	0.760
Sodium, mmol/l	1.08 (1.02–1.14)	0.004	1.15 (1.01–1.30)	0.029
Potassium, mmol/l	0.88 (0.58–1.33)	0.549	2.99 (1.07–8.36)	0.036
AST, U/l	0.99 (0.98–1)	0.332	0.97 (0.95–1)	0.119
ALT, U/l	0.99 (0.99–1)	0.495	1.04 (1–1.07)	0.017
Albumin, g/dl	0.79 (0.34–1.83)	0.590	0.34 (0.02–4.48)	0.418
CRP, mg/dl	1.02 (0.98–1.07)	0.200	1.08 (0.96–1.22)	0.185
D-dimer, ug/l	1 (1–1)	0.859	1 (1–1)	0.844

P < 0.05: significant (shown in bold).

Apachi II, Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; ICU, intensive care unit; BMI, body mass index; pH, potential of hydrogen; PCO₂, carbon dioxide arterial partial pressure; HCO3⁻, bicarbonate; ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; PaO₂:FiO₂, arterial blood gas and arterial partial pressure of oxygen:fraction of inspired oxygen; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only