Table 2.
Open in new tab

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results

Factor loadings
PSECDI (10 items)
 How many times per day do you usually use your e-cig/vape? (one time: around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 min)0.41
 On days that you can use your e-cig/vape freely, how soon after you wake up do you first use your e-cig/vape?0.45
 Do you sometimes awaken at night to use your e-cig/vape?0.50
 If yes, how many nights per week do you typically awaken to use your e-cig/vape?0.20
 Do you use an e-cig/vape now because it is really hard to quit (electronic cigarettes)?0.75
 Do you ever have strong cravings to use an e-cig/vape?0.76
 Over the past week, how strong have the urges to use an e-cig/vape been?0.66
 Is it hard to keep from using an e-cig/vape in places where you are not supposed to?0.78
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel more irritable because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.82
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel nervous, restless, or anxious because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.79
DSM-5 (11 items)
 Do you often use e-cigs/vapes in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended?0.69
 Do you have a persistent desire to cut down on e-cig/vape use, or have you been unsuccessful in cutting down or controlling e-cig use in the past?0.67
 Do you spend a great deal of time doing activities necessary to obtain e-cigs/vapes?0.52
 Do you crave e-cigs/vapes, or have a strong desire or urge to use them?0.73
 Does your e-cig/vape use interfere with your ability to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home?0.17
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of e-cigs/vapes?0.34
 Do you reduce or give up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of e-cig/vape use?0.31
 Do you recurrently vape in situations in which it is physically hazardous (eg, while driving or pumping gas)?0.51
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by e-cigs/vapes?0.39
 Do you need to vape a lot more than you did when you first started to achieve the same effect, or have you experienced a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of e-cigs/vapes?0.70
 Do you vape to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms?0.71
 EDS-4 (4 items)
 I find myself reaching for my e-cig without thinking about it.0.64
 I drop everything to go out and get e-cigs or e-juice.0.74
 I vape more before going into a situation where vaping is not allowed.0.60
 When I haven’t been able to vape for a few hours, the craving gets intolerable.0.86
GNBQ (11 items)
 My vaping habit is very important to me.0.38
 I handle and manipulate my e-cig as part of the ritual of vaping.0.48
 Do you place something in your mouth to distract you from vaping?0.35
 Do you reward yourself with your e-cig/vape after accomplishing a task?0.59
 If you find yourself without e-cigs/vapes, will you have difficulties in concentrating before attempting a task?0.64
 If you are not allowed to vape in certain places, do you then play with your e-cig/vape?0.77
 Do certain environmental cues trigger your vaping (eg, favorite chair, sofa, room, car, or drinking alcohol)?0.41
 Do you find yourself vaping routinely (without craving)?0.46
 Do you find yourself placing an e-cig/vape in your mouth without inhaling or placing other objects (pen, toothpick, gum, etc.) in your mouth to get relief from stress, tension, or frustration, etc.?0.61
 Does part of your enjoyment of vaping come from the steps (ritual) you take when getting ready to use your device?0.56
 When you are alone in a restaurant, bus terminal, party, etc., do you feel safe, secure, or more confident if you are holding an e-cig/vape?0.72
Factor loadings
PSECDI (10 items)
 How many times per day do you usually use your e-cig/vape? (one time: around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 min)0.41
 On days that you can use your e-cig/vape freely, how soon after you wake up do you first use your e-cig/vape?0.45
 Do you sometimes awaken at night to use your e-cig/vape?0.50
 If yes, how many nights per week do you typically awaken to use your e-cig/vape?0.20
 Do you use an e-cig/vape now because it is really hard to quit (electronic cigarettes)?0.75
 Do you ever have strong cravings to use an e-cig/vape?0.76
 Over the past week, how strong have the urges to use an e-cig/vape been?0.66
 Is it hard to keep from using an e-cig/vape in places where you are not supposed to?0.78
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel more irritable because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.82
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel nervous, restless, or anxious because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.79
DSM-5 (11 items)
 Do you often use e-cigs/vapes in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended?0.69
 Do you have a persistent desire to cut down on e-cig/vape use, or have you been unsuccessful in cutting down or controlling e-cig use in the past?0.67
 Do you spend a great deal of time doing activities necessary to obtain e-cigs/vapes?0.52
 Do you crave e-cigs/vapes, or have a strong desire or urge to use them?0.73
 Does your e-cig/vape use interfere with your ability to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home?0.17
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of e-cigs/vapes?0.34
 Do you reduce or give up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of e-cig/vape use?0.31
 Do you recurrently vape in situations in which it is physically hazardous (eg, while driving or pumping gas)?0.51
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by e-cigs/vapes?0.39
 Do you need to vape a lot more than you did when you first started to achieve the same effect, or have you experienced a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of e-cigs/vapes?0.70
 Do you vape to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms?0.71
 EDS-4 (4 items)
 I find myself reaching for my e-cig without thinking about it.0.64
 I drop everything to go out and get e-cigs or e-juice.0.74
 I vape more before going into a situation where vaping is not allowed.0.60
 When I haven’t been able to vape for a few hours, the craving gets intolerable.0.86
GNBQ (11 items)
 My vaping habit is very important to me.0.38
 I handle and manipulate my e-cig as part of the ritual of vaping.0.48
 Do you place something in your mouth to distract you from vaping?0.35
 Do you reward yourself with your e-cig/vape after accomplishing a task?0.59
 If you find yourself without e-cigs/vapes, will you have difficulties in concentrating before attempting a task?0.64
 If you are not allowed to vape in certain places, do you then play with your e-cig/vape?0.77
 Do certain environmental cues trigger your vaping (eg, favorite chair, sofa, room, car, or drinking alcohol)?0.41
 Do you find yourself vaping routinely (without craving)?0.46
 Do you find yourself placing an e-cig/vape in your mouth without inhaling or placing other objects (pen, toothpick, gum, etc.) in your mouth to get relief from stress, tension, or frustration, etc.?0.61
 Does part of your enjoyment of vaping come from the steps (ritual) you take when getting ready to use your device?0.56
 When you are alone in a restaurant, bus terminal, party, etc., do you feel safe, secure, or more confident if you are holding an e-cig/vape?0.72

Bold items indicate p < .05.

Table 2.
Open in new tab

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results

Factor loadings
PSECDI (10 items)
 How many times per day do you usually use your e-cig/vape? (one time: around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 min)0.41
 On days that you can use your e-cig/vape freely, how soon after you wake up do you first use your e-cig/vape?0.45
 Do you sometimes awaken at night to use your e-cig/vape?0.50
 If yes, how many nights per week do you typically awaken to use your e-cig/vape?0.20
 Do you use an e-cig/vape now because it is really hard to quit (electronic cigarettes)?0.75
 Do you ever have strong cravings to use an e-cig/vape?0.76
 Over the past week, how strong have the urges to use an e-cig/vape been?0.66
 Is it hard to keep from using an e-cig/vape in places where you are not supposed to?0.78
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel more irritable because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.82
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel nervous, restless, or anxious because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.79
DSM-5 (11 items)
 Do you often use e-cigs/vapes in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended?0.69
 Do you have a persistent desire to cut down on e-cig/vape use, or have you been unsuccessful in cutting down or controlling e-cig use in the past?0.67
 Do you spend a great deal of time doing activities necessary to obtain e-cigs/vapes?0.52
 Do you crave e-cigs/vapes, or have a strong desire or urge to use them?0.73
 Does your e-cig/vape use interfere with your ability to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home?0.17
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of e-cigs/vapes?0.34
 Do you reduce or give up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of e-cig/vape use?0.31
 Do you recurrently vape in situations in which it is physically hazardous (eg, while driving or pumping gas)?0.51
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by e-cigs/vapes?0.39
 Do you need to vape a lot more than you did when you first started to achieve the same effect, or have you experienced a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of e-cigs/vapes?0.70
 Do you vape to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms?0.71
 EDS-4 (4 items)
 I find myself reaching for my e-cig without thinking about it.0.64
 I drop everything to go out and get e-cigs or e-juice.0.74
 I vape more before going into a situation where vaping is not allowed.0.60
 When I haven’t been able to vape for a few hours, the craving gets intolerable.0.86
GNBQ (11 items)
 My vaping habit is very important to me.0.38
 I handle and manipulate my e-cig as part of the ritual of vaping.0.48
 Do you place something in your mouth to distract you from vaping?0.35
 Do you reward yourself with your e-cig/vape after accomplishing a task?0.59
 If you find yourself without e-cigs/vapes, will you have difficulties in concentrating before attempting a task?0.64
 If you are not allowed to vape in certain places, do you then play with your e-cig/vape?0.77
 Do certain environmental cues trigger your vaping (eg, favorite chair, sofa, room, car, or drinking alcohol)?0.41
 Do you find yourself vaping routinely (without craving)?0.46
 Do you find yourself placing an e-cig/vape in your mouth without inhaling or placing other objects (pen, toothpick, gum, etc.) in your mouth to get relief from stress, tension, or frustration, etc.?0.61
 Does part of your enjoyment of vaping come from the steps (ritual) you take when getting ready to use your device?0.56
 When you are alone in a restaurant, bus terminal, party, etc., do you feel safe, secure, or more confident if you are holding an e-cig/vape?0.72
Factor loadings
PSECDI (10 items)
 How many times per day do you usually use your e-cig/vape? (one time: around 15 puffs or lasts around 10 min)0.41
 On days that you can use your e-cig/vape freely, how soon after you wake up do you first use your e-cig/vape?0.45
 Do you sometimes awaken at night to use your e-cig/vape?0.50
 If yes, how many nights per week do you typically awaken to use your e-cig/vape?0.20
 Do you use an e-cig/vape now because it is really hard to quit (electronic cigarettes)?0.75
 Do you ever have strong cravings to use an e-cig/vape?0.76
 Over the past week, how strong have the urges to use an e-cig/vape been?0.66
 Is it hard to keep from using an e-cig/vape in places where you are not supposed to?0.78
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel more irritable because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.82
 When you haven’t used an e-cig/vape for a while or when you tried to stop using, did you feel nervous, restless, or anxious because you couldn’t use an e-cig/vape?0.79
DSM-5 (11 items)
 Do you often use e-cigs/vapes in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended?0.69
 Do you have a persistent desire to cut down on e-cig/vape use, or have you been unsuccessful in cutting down or controlling e-cig use in the past?0.67
 Do you spend a great deal of time doing activities necessary to obtain e-cigs/vapes?0.52
 Do you crave e-cigs/vapes, or have a strong desire or urge to use them?0.73
 Does your e-cig/vape use interfere with your ability to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home?0.17
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of e-cigs/vapes?0.34
 Do you reduce or give up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of e-cig/vape use?0.31
 Do you recurrently vape in situations in which it is physically hazardous (eg, while driving or pumping gas)?0.51
 Do you continue using e-cigs/vapes despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by e-cigs/vapes?0.39
 Do you need to vape a lot more than you did when you first started to achieve the same effect, or have you experienced a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of e-cigs/vapes?0.70
 Do you vape to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms?0.71
 EDS-4 (4 items)
 I find myself reaching for my e-cig without thinking about it.0.64
 I drop everything to go out and get e-cigs or e-juice.0.74
 I vape more before going into a situation where vaping is not allowed.0.60
 When I haven’t been able to vape for a few hours, the craving gets intolerable.0.86
GNBQ (11 items)
 My vaping habit is very important to me.0.38
 I handle and manipulate my e-cig as part of the ritual of vaping.0.48
 Do you place something in your mouth to distract you from vaping?0.35
 Do you reward yourself with your e-cig/vape after accomplishing a task?0.59
 If you find yourself without e-cigs/vapes, will you have difficulties in concentrating before attempting a task?0.64
 If you are not allowed to vape in certain places, do you then play with your e-cig/vape?0.77
 Do certain environmental cues trigger your vaping (eg, favorite chair, sofa, room, car, or drinking alcohol)?0.41
 Do you find yourself vaping routinely (without craving)?0.46
 Do you find yourself placing an e-cig/vape in your mouth without inhaling or placing other objects (pen, toothpick, gum, etc.) in your mouth to get relief from stress, tension, or frustration, etc.?0.61
 Does part of your enjoyment of vaping come from the steps (ritual) you take when getting ready to use your device?0.56
 When you are alone in a restaurant, bus terminal, party, etc., do you feel safe, secure, or more confident if you are holding an e-cig/vape?0.72

Bold items indicate p < .05.

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