| Outcome . | Vaping control ad, M (SD) . | The Real Cost vaping ad, M (SD) . | p . | Cohen’s d (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Message reactions | ||||
| Attention a | 2.39 (1.38) | 3.62 (1.25) | <.001 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.17) |
| Negative affect a | 1.98 (1.21) | 2.99 (1.40) | <.001 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Cognitive elaboration a | 2.72 (1.40) | 3.80 (1.28) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.57, 1.04) |
| Avoidance a | 2.23 (1.31) | 2.31 (1.45) | .60 | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) |
| Reactance a | 2.36 (1.29) | 2.27 (1.33) | .54 | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.16) |
| Targeted outcomes: Vaping | ||||
| Susceptibility to vaping b | 1.57 (0.71) | 1.43 (0.68) | .07 | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) |
| Vaping attitudes c | 4.33 (0.83) | 4.57 (0.69) | .009 | 0.30 (0.07, 0.53) |
| Vaping perceived likelihood of harm d | 3.54 (1.13) | 3.75 (1.09) | .09 | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.42) |
| Nontargeted outcomes: Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Susceptibility to smoking b | 1.32 (0.60) | 1.27 (0.59) | .44 | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) |
| Smoking attitudes c | 4.71 (0.72) | 4.76 (0.63) | .52 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.30) |
| Smoking perceived likelihood of harm d | 4.12 (1.16) | 4.12 (1.12) | .96 | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.23) |
| Outcome . | Vaping control ad, M (SD) . | The Real Cost vaping ad, M (SD) . | p . | Cohen’s d (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Message reactions | ||||
| Attention a | 2.39 (1.38) | 3.62 (1.25) | <.001 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.17) |
| Negative affect a | 1.98 (1.21) | 2.99 (1.40) | <.001 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Cognitive elaboration a | 2.72 (1.40) | 3.80 (1.28) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.57, 1.04) |
| Avoidance a | 2.23 (1.31) | 2.31 (1.45) | .60 | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) |
| Reactance a | 2.36 (1.29) | 2.27 (1.33) | .54 | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.16) |
| Targeted outcomes: Vaping | ||||
| Susceptibility to vaping b | 1.57 (0.71) | 1.43 (0.68) | .07 | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) |
| Vaping attitudes c | 4.33 (0.83) | 4.57 (0.69) | .009 | 0.30 (0.07, 0.53) |
| Vaping perceived likelihood of harm d | 3.54 (1.13) | 3.75 (1.09) | .09 | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.42) |
| Nontargeted outcomes: Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Susceptibility to smoking b | 1.32 (0.60) | 1.27 (0.59) | .44 | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) |
| Smoking attitudes c | 4.71 (0.72) | 4.76 (0.63) | .52 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.30) |
| Smoking perceived likelihood of harm d | 4.12 (1.16) | 4.12 (1.12) | .96 | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.23) |
aHigher scores indicate greater message reactions.
bHigher scores indicate greater susceptibility.
cHigher scores indicate more negative attitudes.
dHigher scores indicate higher beliefs about harms.
| Outcome . | Vaping control ad, M (SD) . | The Real Cost vaping ad, M (SD) . | p . | Cohen’s d (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Message reactions | ||||
| Attention a | 2.39 (1.38) | 3.62 (1.25) | <.001 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.17) |
| Negative affect a | 1.98 (1.21) | 2.99 (1.40) | <.001 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Cognitive elaboration a | 2.72 (1.40) | 3.80 (1.28) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.57, 1.04) |
| Avoidance a | 2.23 (1.31) | 2.31 (1.45) | .60 | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) |
| Reactance a | 2.36 (1.29) | 2.27 (1.33) | .54 | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.16) |
| Targeted outcomes: Vaping | ||||
| Susceptibility to vaping b | 1.57 (0.71) | 1.43 (0.68) | .07 | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) |
| Vaping attitudes c | 4.33 (0.83) | 4.57 (0.69) | .009 | 0.30 (0.07, 0.53) |
| Vaping perceived likelihood of harm d | 3.54 (1.13) | 3.75 (1.09) | .09 | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.42) |
| Nontargeted outcomes: Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Susceptibility to smoking b | 1.32 (0.60) | 1.27 (0.59) | .44 | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) |
| Smoking attitudes c | 4.71 (0.72) | 4.76 (0.63) | .52 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.30) |
| Smoking perceived likelihood of harm d | 4.12 (1.16) | 4.12 (1.12) | .96 | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.23) |
| Outcome . | Vaping control ad, M (SD) . | The Real Cost vaping ad, M (SD) . | p . | Cohen’s d (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Message reactions | ||||
| Attention a | 2.39 (1.38) | 3.62 (1.25) | <.001 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.17) |
| Negative affect a | 1.98 (1.21) | 2.99 (1.40) | <.001 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Cognitive elaboration a | 2.72 (1.40) | 3.80 (1.28) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.57, 1.04) |
| Avoidance a | 2.23 (1.31) | 2.31 (1.45) | .60 | 0.06 (−0.17, 0.29) |
| Reactance a | 2.36 (1.29) | 2.27 (1.33) | .54 | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.16) |
| Targeted outcomes: Vaping | ||||
| Susceptibility to vaping b | 1.57 (0.71) | 1.43 (0.68) | .07 | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) |
| Vaping attitudes c | 4.33 (0.83) | 4.57 (0.69) | .009 | 0.30 (0.07, 0.53) |
| Vaping perceived likelihood of harm d | 3.54 (1.13) | 3.75 (1.09) | .09 | 0.20 (−0.03, 0.42) |
| Nontargeted outcomes: Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Susceptibility to smoking b | 1.32 (0.60) | 1.27 (0.59) | .44 | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) |
| Smoking attitudes c | 4.71 (0.72) | 4.76 (0.63) | .52 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.30) |
| Smoking perceived likelihood of harm d | 4.12 (1.16) | 4.12 (1.12) | .96 | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.23) |
aHigher scores indicate greater message reactions.
bHigher scores indicate greater susceptibility.
cHigher scores indicate more negative attitudes.
dHigher scores indicate higher beliefs about harms.
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