Table 3. Open in new tab Diagnostic...

Home-voided samples vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Bærheim,¹³ 1990	≥10⁴ CFU/ml	73	48	15	6	4	0.92 (0.81–0.98)	0.71 (0.48–0.89)	0.89 (0.80–0.94)	0.79 (0.58–0.91)

Home-voided samples vs. midstream-clean-catch samples

Study

Cut-off point

Sens.

Spec.

PPV

NPV

Bærheim,¹³ 1990

≥10⁴ CFU/ml

0.92
(0.81–0.98)

0.71
(0.48–0.89)

0.89
(0.80–0.94)

0.79
(0.58–0.91)

Home-voided samples vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Bærheim,¹³ 1990	≥10⁴ CFU/ml	73	48	15	6	4	0.92 (0.81–0.98)	0.71 (0.48–0.89)	0.89 (0.80–0.94)	0.79 (0.58–0.91)

Midstream urine without cleansing vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Bradbury,¹² 1988	≥10⁵ CFU/ml	158	12	131	11	4	0.75 (0.48–0.93)	0.92 (0.87–0.96)	0.52 (0.37–0.67)	0.97 (0.37–0.67)

Midstream urine without cleansing vs. midstream-clean-catch samples

Study

Cut-off point

Sens.

Spec.

PPV

NPV

Bradbury,¹² 1988

≥10⁵ CFU/ml

158

131

0.75
(0.48–0.93)

0.92
(0.87–0.96)

0.52
(0.37–0.67)

0.97
(0.37–0.67)

Midstream urine without cleansing vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Bradbury,¹² 1988	≥10⁵ CFU/ml	158	12	131	11	4	0.75 (0.48–0.93)	0.92 (0.87–0.96)	0.52 (0.37–0.67)	0.97 (0.37–0.67)

First-void urine vs. midstream urine samples
Hølmkjær,¹⁶ 2018^a	≥10³ CFU/ml	117	89	18	9	1	0.99 (0.94–1.00)	0.67 (0.46–0.83)	0.91 (0.85–0.94)	0.95 (0.72–0.99)

First-void urine vs. midstream urine samples

Study

Cut-off point

Sens.

Spec.

PPV

NPV

Hølmkjær,¹⁶ 2018^a

≥10³ CFU/ml

117

0.99
(0.94–1.00)

0.67
(0.46–0.83)

0.91
(0.85–0.94)

0.95
(0.72–0.99)

First-void urine vs. midstream urine samples
Hølmkjær,¹⁶ 2018^a	≥10³ CFU/ml	117	89	18	9	1	0.99 (0.94–1.00)	0.67 (0.46–0.83)	0.91 (0.85–0.94)	0.95 (0.72–0.99)

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Diagnostic accuracy of the different studies (95% confidence intervals in brackets).

Home-voided samples vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Bærheim,¹³ 1990	≥10⁴ CFU/ml	73	48	15	6	4	0.92 (0.81–0.98)	0.71 (0.48–0.89)	0.89 (0.80–0.94)	0.79 (0.58–0.91)

Home-voided samples vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Bærheim,¹³ 1990	≥10⁴ CFU/ml	73	48	15	6	4	0.92 (0.81–0.98)	0.71 (0.48–0.89)	0.89 (0.80–0.94)	0.79 (0.58–0.91)

Midstream urine without cleansing vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Bradbury,¹² 1988	≥10⁵ CFU/ml	158	12	131	11	4	0.75 (0.48–0.93)	0.92 (0.87–0.96)	0.52 (0.37–0.67)	0.97 (0.37–0.67)

Midstream urine without cleansing vs. midstream-clean-catch samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Bradbury,¹² 1988	≥10⁵ CFU/ml	158	12	131	11	4	0.75 (0.48–0.93)	0.92 (0.87–0.96)	0.52 (0.37–0.67)	0.97 (0.37–0.67)

First-void urine vs. midstream urine samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Hølmkjær,¹⁶ 2018^a	≥10³ CFU/ml	117	89	18	9	1	0.99 (0.94–1.00)	0.67 (0.46–0.83)	0.91 (0.85–0.94)	0.95 (0.72–0.99)

First-void urine vs. midstream urine samples
Study	Cut-off point	n	TP	TN	FP	FN	Sens.	Spec.	PPV	NPV
Hølmkjær,¹⁶ 2018^a	≥10³ CFU/ml	117	89	18	9	1	0.99 (0.94–1.00)	0.67 (0.46–0.83)	0.91 (0.85–0.94)	0.95 (0.72–0.99)

CFU, colony-forming units; FN, false negatives; FP, false positives; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; Sens., sensitivity; Spec., specificity; TN, true negatives; TP, true positives.

Only the MSU samples were sent to the microbiology lab for urine culture.

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