Table 6. Open in new tab Descriptive...

Table 6.

Descriptive characteristics of the 36 included guidelines on male UTIs

Country	Year of publication	Databases	Specialty	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Country	Year of publication	Databases	GP coauthors (yes/no)	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Argentina (56)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Corina Nemirovsky et al.	Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg QID	7 days
						Cefalexin	500 mg TID	7 days
						Alternative
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
				Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID)	Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g OD	10 days
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	10 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Ceftriaxon	1–2 g OD	2–4 weeks
Asia (49)	2021	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Matsumoto et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Probabilist
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
				Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (AAUS)		After antibiogram: first choice
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
						After antibiogram: second choice if R-FQ
						3rd CEP	N/A	14–28 days
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A
						Cotrimoxazole	N/A
Brazil (57)	2005	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Hélio Vasconcellos Lopes et al.	Cystitis	N/A	N/A	N/A
				Brazilian Society of Infectiology (SBI); Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU)	Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
Canada (Quebec) (60)	2017	National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.	Complicated or at risk urinary tract infection	First choice
			Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.		Ciprofoloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
				National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)		Ciprofloxacin XL	1000 mg OD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						after obtaining the antibiogram only
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Cystitis: 7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Pyelonephritis: 10–14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	875–125 mg BD	10–14 days
						Cefadroxil	500 mg BID
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Croatia (30,31)	2004	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja Skerk et al.	Cystitis	2nd CEP	N/A	7 days
				Visnja Skerk et al.		Co-amoxiclav
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Ciprofloxacin
						Nitrofurantoin
						Cotrimoxazole
					Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
					Prostatitis	2nd CEP	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP	N/A	N/A
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A	4–6 weeks
	2004, updated in 2009	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja skerk et al.	Acute UTI and systemic symptoms	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	2 weeks
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Alternative choice
						Co-amoxiclav	1 g BD	2 weeks
						Cefuroxim-axétil	500 mg BD
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Denmark (32)	2020	Common public health portal (Sundhed.dk)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Ulrich Stab Jensen et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	5 days
					Complicated urinary tract infection	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	5 days
				Sundhed	Pyelonephritis	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	10–14 days
					Pyelonephritis	Nitrofurantoin	500 mg BD	7 days
Ethiopia (50)	2010	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Eyasu Makonnen et al.	Male urinary tract infection	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	10–14 days
				Ministry of Health		Second choice
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	10–14 days
						Amoxicillin	250–500 mg TID	10–14 days
Europe (33,62)	2001	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Kurt G. Naber et al.	Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
				European Association of Urology (EAU)		2nd CEP	N/A
	2001, updated in 2021	Uroweb	Urology GP (No)	G. Bonkat et al.	Cystitis	Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	7 days
						Restricted to men, fluoroquinolones can also be prescribed in accordance with local susceptibility testing
				European Association of Urology (EAU)	Complicated UTIs	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg	14 days
						3rd CEP	N/A
					Acute Bacterial Prostatitis	Same lines of complicated UTIs
Finland (34,61)	2011	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	R. De Rosa et al.	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD or 300 m OD	7–14 days
						Fluoroquinolones	N/A
				Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	4 weeks
	2011, updated in 2021	Finnish Medical Society DUODECIM*	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
						Nitrofurantoin	75 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5–7 days
						Levofloxacin	250–500 mg OD	5–7 days
						Cefuroxim	750–1500 mg TID	10–14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2/d	10 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg OD	4–6 weeks
						Ciprofloxacin	N/A
						Norfloxacin	N/A
France (22,63)	2008	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg BD	15–21 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ofloxacin	200 mg × 2–3/d
	2008, updated in 2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Male urinary tract infection	After obtaining the antibiogram only
					Pauci symptomatic (no fever)	First choice
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Second choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	14 days
						Third choice
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID	14 days
						Ceftriaxon	1 g OD
					Male urinary tract infection	Same lines as male UTI pauci symptomatic in probabilistic
					symptomatic (fever)
Germany (35,36)	2011, updated in 2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F.M.E. Wagenlehner et al. (2011)	Cystitis (Healthy young men)	First choice
				Kranz et al. (2017)		Ciprofloxacin RT	500 mg OD	3 days
						Ciprofloxacin	250 mg BD
				German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)		Levofloxacin	250 mg OD
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	100 mg BD
						According to local resistance rate
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800mg BD	3 days
						Trimethoprim	200 BD	5 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	1000 mg OD	7–10 days
							500–750 mg BD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
							750 mg OD	5 jours
						Second choice
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	200 mg BD	10 jours
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						After antibiogram
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 jours
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BID
							500/125 mg BID
Japan (46,83,84)	2011, updated in 2015 and 2016	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Yasuda et al. (2011/2016)	Complicated cystitis	First choice
				Yamamoto et al. (2015)		Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
				Japanese Association for Infectious Disease/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JAID/JSC)		Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Co-amoxiclav	250 mg TID
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID
						Alternative
						Cefdinir	100 mg TID	7–14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 mg TID
					Complicated pyelonephritis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cefditoren pivoxil	200 mg TID	14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 TID
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID	14–28 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 days
Norway (37,38)	2019	Antibiotics Centre for Primary Medicine	General Practice GP (Yes)	Anders Baerheim et al.	Complicated cystitis (no fever)	Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID	5–7 days
						Pivmecillinam	200–400 mg TID
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
					Complicated cystitis (fever)	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	5–7 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
				Sigurd Haugan Danielsen et al.	Prostatitis	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	14 days
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Second choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
	2021	General Directorate of Health	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Bjorn Waagsbo et al.	Complicated cystitis	Pivmecillinam	200 mg TID	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID
				Norwegian Directorate of Health		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
					Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID
						If atypical germs
						Azithromycin	1 g OD	14 days
						Doxycycline	100 mg OD
Netherlands (39,40)	2006	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	B. van Pinxteren et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	First line
						Nitrofurantoin	N/A	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)		Second line
						Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
	2013	Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Geerlings et al.	Cystitis (young men)	Cf. recommendations of College of General Practitioners (NHG)
					Urinary tract infection with systemic symptoms (pyelonephritis and acute prostatitis)	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
				Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)		Cotrimoxazole	N/A
	2020	College of General Practitioners (NHG)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	M. Bouma et al.	Cystitis	First choice
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BID	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)			50 mg QID
						Second choice
						Trimethoprim	300 mg OD	7 days
					UTI with signs of tissue invasion	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
						Second choice
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	14 days
						Third choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 BID	14 days
Scotland (59)	2012	Scottish Intercollegiate	Pluriprofessional GP (No	Scottish Intercollegiate	Lower urinary tract infection	Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
		Guidelines Network (SIGN)	)	Guidelines Network (SIGN)		Nitrofurantoin	N/A
					Prostatitis	Quinolone	N/A	4 weeks
South Africa (51)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	T.D. Mseleku et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg	Single dose
				Ministry of Health		Followed by
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Men > 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
South Korea (47)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Cheol-In Kang et al.	Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	5 days
				Korean Society of Infectious Diseases (KSID)		Ceftibuten	400 mg OD	10 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
					Prostatitis	3rd CEP	N/A	2–4 weeks
						Co-amoxiclav
Spain (41)	2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Marina de Cueto et al.	Uncomplicated cystitis	N/A	N/A	7 days minimum
Spain (41)				Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)
Sweden (42)		Public Health Agency	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes	Tegnell et al.	Cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
			)			Nitrofurantoin		7 days
				Public Health Agency		Pivmecillinam
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
						Trimethoprim		N/A
Switzerland (43)	2014	Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Barbara Hasse et al.	Cystitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole		7–10 days
				Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolone	N/A	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	14–21 days
						Cotrimoxazole
Taiwan (48)	2000	MEDLINE	Infectiology GP (No)	Feng-Yee Chang et al.	Prostatitis	Amoxicillin	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP
				Infectious Diseases Society of the Republic of China (IDSROC)		Cotrimoxazole
						Fluoroquinolon
Tanzania (52)	2013	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Kikuli et al.	Complicated cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years or high-risk STI
				Ministry of Health		Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
							then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BID	7 days
						Men > 35 years
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
Tonga (58)	2007	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Siale ‘Akau’ ola et al.	Cystitis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD	14 days
				Ministry of Health		Nitrofurantoin	50 mg QID
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg BD
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
					Pyelonephritis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID	14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
United Kingdom (23,44,45)	2018	National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	National Institute for Health Excellence (NICE)	Lower urinary tract infection/cystitis	Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD or TID	7–10 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	7–10 days
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Alternative first choice (IV)
						Co-amoxiclav	1.2 g TID	Oral relay as soon as possible after 48 hours
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	1–2 OD
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID
					Prostatitis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Alternative first choice
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Second choice (after discussion with specialist)
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
						First choice IV if oral impossible
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID	Orally after 48 hours, mini 14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	2 g OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD
						Trimethoprim	N/A
United States (54,55)	2016	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	Timothy J.Coker et al.	Prostatitis	Men < 35 years OR high STI risk
						Ceftriaxon	250 mg OD	Single dose
				American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)		or
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
						then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	10 days
						Men > 35 years AND low STI risk
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
						Levofloxacin	500–750 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	10–14 days
	2021	Guideline Central, American Medical Association	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	C. Bettcher et al.	Complicated Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
				University of Michigan Health System		Cefalexin	500 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g every 48h	3 doses
					Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g	Single dose
						followed by first line
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	7–14 days
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD
						Third line
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BD	10–14 days
					Prostatitis	Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
Zimbabwe (53)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Basopo Victor et al.	Cystitis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	3 days
				Ministry of Health	Pyelonephritis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	14 days

Country	Year of publication	Databases	Specialty	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Country	Year of publication	Databases	GP coauthors (yes/no)	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Argentina (56)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Corina Nemirovsky et al.	Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg QID	7 days
						Cefalexin	500 mg TID	7 days
						Alternative
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
				Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID)	Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g OD	10 days
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	10 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Ceftriaxon	1–2 g OD	2–4 weeks
Asia (49)	2021	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Matsumoto et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Probabilist
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
				Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (AAUS)		After antibiogram: first choice
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
						After antibiogram: second choice if R-FQ
						3rd CEP	N/A	14–28 days
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A
						Cotrimoxazole	N/A
Brazil (57)	2005	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Hélio Vasconcellos Lopes et al.	Cystitis	N/A	N/A	N/A
				Brazilian Society of Infectiology (SBI); Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU)	Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
Canada (Quebec) (60)	2017	National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.	Complicated or at risk urinary tract infection	First choice
			Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.		Ciprofoloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
				National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)		Ciprofloxacin XL	1000 mg OD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						after obtaining the antibiogram only
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Cystitis: 7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Pyelonephritis: 10–14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	875–125 mg BD	10–14 days
						Cefadroxil	500 mg BID
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Croatia (30,31)	2004	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja Skerk et al.	Cystitis	2nd CEP	N/A	7 days
				Visnja Skerk et al.		Co-amoxiclav
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Ciprofloxacin
						Nitrofurantoin
						Cotrimoxazole
					Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
					Prostatitis	2nd CEP	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP	N/A	N/A
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A	4–6 weeks
	2004, updated in 2009	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja skerk et al.	Acute UTI and systemic symptoms	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	2 weeks
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Alternative choice
						Co-amoxiclav	1 g BD	2 weeks
						Cefuroxim-axétil	500 mg BD
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Denmark (32)	2020	Common public health portal (Sundhed.dk)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Ulrich Stab Jensen et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	5 days
					Complicated urinary tract infection	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	5 days
				Sundhed	Pyelonephritis	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	10–14 days
					Pyelonephritis	Nitrofurantoin	500 mg BD	7 days
Ethiopia (50)	2010	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Eyasu Makonnen et al.	Male urinary tract infection	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	10–14 days
				Ministry of Health		Second choice
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	10–14 days
						Amoxicillin	250–500 mg TID	10–14 days
Europe (33,62)	2001	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Kurt G. Naber et al.	Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
				European Association of Urology (EAU)		2nd CEP	N/A
	2001, updated in 2021	Uroweb	Urology GP (No)	G. Bonkat et al.	Cystitis	Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	7 days
						Restricted to men, fluoroquinolones can also be prescribed in accordance with local susceptibility testing
				European Association of Urology (EAU)	Complicated UTIs	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg	14 days
						3rd CEP	N/A
					Acute Bacterial Prostatitis	Same lines of complicated UTIs
Finland (34,61)	2011	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	R. De Rosa et al.	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD or 300 m OD	7–14 days
						Fluoroquinolones	N/A
				Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	4 weeks
	2011, updated in 2021	Finnish Medical Society DUODECIM*	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
						Nitrofurantoin	75 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5–7 days
						Levofloxacin	250–500 mg OD	5–7 days
						Cefuroxim	750–1500 mg TID	10–14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2/d	10 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg OD	4–6 weeks
						Ciprofloxacin	N/A
						Norfloxacin	N/A
France (22,63)	2008	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg BD	15–21 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ofloxacin	200 mg × 2–3/d
	2008, updated in 2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Male urinary tract infection	After obtaining the antibiogram only
					Pauci symptomatic (no fever)	First choice
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Second choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	14 days
						Third choice
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID	14 days
						Ceftriaxon	1 g OD
					Male urinary tract infection	Same lines as male UTI pauci symptomatic in probabilistic
					symptomatic (fever)
Germany (35,36)	2011, updated in 2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F.M.E. Wagenlehner et al. (2011)	Cystitis (Healthy young men)	First choice
				Kranz et al. (2017)		Ciprofloxacin RT	500 mg OD	3 days
						Ciprofloxacin	250 mg BD
				German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)		Levofloxacin	250 mg OD
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	100 mg BD
						According to local resistance rate
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800mg BD	3 days
						Trimethoprim	200 BD	5 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	1000 mg OD	7–10 days
							500–750 mg BD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
							750 mg OD	5 jours
						Second choice
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	200 mg BD	10 jours
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						After antibiogram
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 jours
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BID
							500/125 mg BID
Japan (46,83,84)	2011, updated in 2015 and 2016	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Yasuda et al. (2011/2016)	Complicated cystitis	First choice
				Yamamoto et al. (2015)		Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
				Japanese Association for Infectious Disease/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JAID/JSC)		Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Co-amoxiclav	250 mg TID
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID
						Alternative
						Cefdinir	100 mg TID	7–14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 mg TID
					Complicated pyelonephritis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cefditoren pivoxil	200 mg TID	14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 TID
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID	14–28 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 days
Norway (37,38)	2019	Antibiotics Centre for Primary Medicine	General Practice GP (Yes)	Anders Baerheim et al.	Complicated cystitis (no fever)	Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID	5–7 days
						Pivmecillinam	200–400 mg TID
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
					Complicated cystitis (fever)	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	5–7 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
				Sigurd Haugan Danielsen et al.	Prostatitis	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	14 days
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Second choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
	2021	General Directorate of Health	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Bjorn Waagsbo et al.	Complicated cystitis	Pivmecillinam	200 mg TID	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID
				Norwegian Directorate of Health		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
					Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID
						If atypical germs
						Azithromycin	1 g OD	14 days
						Doxycycline	100 mg OD
Netherlands (39,40)	2006	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	B. van Pinxteren et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	First line
						Nitrofurantoin	N/A	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)		Second line
						Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
	2013	Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Geerlings et al.	Cystitis (young men)	Cf. recommendations of College of General Practitioners (NHG)
					Urinary tract infection with systemic symptoms (pyelonephritis and acute prostatitis)	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
				Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)		Cotrimoxazole	N/A
	2020	College of General Practitioners (NHG)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	M. Bouma et al.	Cystitis	First choice
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BID	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)			50 mg QID
						Second choice
						Trimethoprim	300 mg OD	7 days
					UTI with signs of tissue invasion	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
						Second choice
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	14 days
						Third choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 BID	14 days
Scotland (59)	2012	Scottish Intercollegiate	Pluriprofessional GP (No	Scottish Intercollegiate	Lower urinary tract infection	Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
		Guidelines Network (SIGN)	)	Guidelines Network (SIGN)		Nitrofurantoin	N/A
					Prostatitis	Quinolone	N/A	4 weeks
South Africa (51)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	T.D. Mseleku et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg	Single dose
				Ministry of Health		Followed by
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Men > 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
South Korea (47)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Cheol-In Kang et al.	Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	5 days
				Korean Society of Infectious Diseases (KSID)		Ceftibuten	400 mg OD	10 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
					Prostatitis	3rd CEP	N/A	2–4 weeks
						Co-amoxiclav
Spain (41)	2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Marina de Cueto et al.	Uncomplicated cystitis	N/A	N/A	7 days minimum
Spain (41)				Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)
Sweden (42)		Public Health Agency	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes	Tegnell et al.	Cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
			)			Nitrofurantoin		7 days
				Public Health Agency		Pivmecillinam
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
						Trimethoprim		N/A
Switzerland (43)	2014	Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Barbara Hasse et al.	Cystitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole		7–10 days
				Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolone	N/A	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	14–21 days
						Cotrimoxazole
Taiwan (48)	2000	MEDLINE	Infectiology GP (No)	Feng-Yee Chang et al.	Prostatitis	Amoxicillin	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP
				Infectious Diseases Society of the Republic of China (IDSROC)		Cotrimoxazole
						Fluoroquinolon
Tanzania (52)	2013	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Kikuli et al.	Complicated cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years or high-risk STI
				Ministry of Health		Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
							then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BID	7 days
						Men > 35 years
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
Tonga (58)	2007	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Siale ‘Akau’ ola et al.	Cystitis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD	14 days
				Ministry of Health		Nitrofurantoin	50 mg QID
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg BD
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
					Pyelonephritis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID	14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
United Kingdom (23,44,45)	2018	National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	National Institute for Health Excellence (NICE)	Lower urinary tract infection/cystitis	Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD or TID	7–10 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	7–10 days
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Alternative first choice (IV)
						Co-amoxiclav	1.2 g TID	Oral relay as soon as possible after 48 hours
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	1–2 OD
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID
					Prostatitis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Alternative first choice
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Second choice (after discussion with specialist)
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
						First choice IV if oral impossible
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID	Orally after 48 hours, mini 14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	2 g OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD
						Trimethoprim	N/A
United States (54,55)	2016	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	Timothy J.Coker et al.	Prostatitis	Men < 35 years OR high STI risk
						Ceftriaxon	250 mg OD	Single dose
				American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)		or
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
						then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	10 days
						Men > 35 years AND low STI risk
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
						Levofloxacin	500–750 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	10–14 days
	2021	Guideline Central, American Medical Association	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	C. Bettcher et al.	Complicated Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
				University of Michigan Health System		Cefalexin	500 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g every 48h	3 doses
					Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g	Single dose
						followed by first line
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	7–14 days
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD
						Third line
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BD	10–14 days
					Prostatitis	Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
Zimbabwe (53)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Basopo Victor et al.	Cystitis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	3 days
				Ministry of Health	Pyelonephritis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	14 days

N/A, not available, 2nd CEP, 2nd-generation cephalosporin, 3rd CEP, 3rd-generation cephalosporin, STI, sexually transmitted infection, OD, once daily, BD, twice daily, TID, thrice daily; QID, 4 times daily. All prescribed antibiotics are oral except for 3rd CEP (ceftriaxon, ceftazidim, cefotaxim) and 4th CEP (cefepim) which are either intravenous (IV).

*Translation from EBMFrance.net.

Table 6.

Open in new tab

Descriptive characteristics of the 36 included guidelines on male UTIs

Country	Year of publication	Databases	Specialty	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Country	Year of publication	Databases	GP coauthors (yes/no)	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Argentina (56)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Corina Nemirovsky et al.	Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg QID	7 days
						Cefalexin	500 mg TID	7 days
						Alternative
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
				Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID)	Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g OD	10 days
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	10 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Ceftriaxon	1–2 g OD	2–4 weeks
Asia (49)	2021	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Matsumoto et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Probabilist
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
				Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (AAUS)		After antibiogram: first choice
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
						After antibiogram: second choice if R-FQ
						3rd CEP	N/A	14–28 days
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A
						Cotrimoxazole	N/A
Brazil (57)	2005	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Hélio Vasconcellos Lopes et al.	Cystitis	N/A	N/A	N/A
				Brazilian Society of Infectiology (SBI); Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU)	Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
Canada (Quebec) (60)	2017	National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.	Complicated or at risk urinary tract infection	First choice
			Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.		Ciprofoloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
				National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)		Ciprofloxacin XL	1000 mg OD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						after obtaining the antibiogram only
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Cystitis: 7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Pyelonephritis: 10–14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	875–125 mg BD	10–14 days
						Cefadroxil	500 mg BID
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Croatia (30,31)	2004	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja Skerk et al.	Cystitis	2nd CEP	N/A	7 days
				Visnja Skerk et al.		Co-amoxiclav
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Ciprofloxacin
						Nitrofurantoin
						Cotrimoxazole
					Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
					Prostatitis	2nd CEP	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP	N/A	N/A
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A	4–6 weeks
	2004, updated in 2009	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja skerk et al.	Acute UTI and systemic symptoms	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	2 weeks
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Alternative choice
						Co-amoxiclav	1 g BD	2 weeks
						Cefuroxim-axétil	500 mg BD
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Denmark (32)	2020	Common public health portal (Sundhed.dk)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Ulrich Stab Jensen et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	5 days
					Complicated urinary tract infection	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	5 days
				Sundhed	Pyelonephritis	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	10–14 days
					Pyelonephritis	Nitrofurantoin	500 mg BD	7 days
Ethiopia (50)	2010	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Eyasu Makonnen et al.	Male urinary tract infection	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	10–14 days
				Ministry of Health		Second choice
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	10–14 days
						Amoxicillin	250–500 mg TID	10–14 days
Europe (33,62)	2001	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Kurt G. Naber et al.	Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
				European Association of Urology (EAU)		2nd CEP	N/A
	2001, updated in 2021	Uroweb	Urology GP (No)	G. Bonkat et al.	Cystitis	Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	7 days
						Restricted to men, fluoroquinolones can also be prescribed in accordance with local susceptibility testing
				European Association of Urology (EAU)	Complicated UTIs	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg	14 days
						3rd CEP	N/A
					Acute Bacterial Prostatitis	Same lines of complicated UTIs
Finland (34,61)	2011	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	R. De Rosa et al.	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD or 300 m OD	7–14 days
						Fluoroquinolones	N/A
				Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	4 weeks
	2011, updated in 2021	Finnish Medical Society DUODECIM*	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
						Nitrofurantoin	75 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5–7 days
						Levofloxacin	250–500 mg OD	5–7 days
						Cefuroxim	750–1500 mg TID	10–14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2/d	10 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg OD	4–6 weeks
						Ciprofloxacin	N/A
						Norfloxacin	N/A
France (22,63)	2008	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg BD	15–21 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ofloxacin	200 mg × 2–3/d
	2008, updated in 2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Male urinary tract infection	After obtaining the antibiogram only
					Pauci symptomatic (no fever)	First choice
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Second choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	14 days
						Third choice
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID	14 days
						Ceftriaxon	1 g OD
					Male urinary tract infection	Same lines as male UTI pauci symptomatic in probabilistic
					symptomatic (fever)
Germany (35,36)	2011, updated in 2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F.M.E. Wagenlehner et al. (2011)	Cystitis (Healthy young men)	First choice
				Kranz et al. (2017)		Ciprofloxacin RT	500 mg OD	3 days
						Ciprofloxacin	250 mg BD
				German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)		Levofloxacin	250 mg OD
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	100 mg BD
						According to local resistance rate
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800mg BD	3 days
						Trimethoprim	200 BD	5 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	1000 mg OD	7–10 days
							500–750 mg BD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
							750 mg OD	5 jours
						Second choice
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	200 mg BD	10 jours
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						After antibiogram
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 jours
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BID
							500/125 mg BID
Japan (46,83,84)	2011, updated in 2015 and 2016	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Yasuda et al. (2011/2016)	Complicated cystitis	First choice
				Yamamoto et al. (2015)		Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
				Japanese Association for Infectious Disease/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JAID/JSC)		Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Co-amoxiclav	250 mg TID
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID
						Alternative
						Cefdinir	100 mg TID	7–14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 mg TID
					Complicated pyelonephritis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cefditoren pivoxil	200 mg TID	14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 TID
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID	14–28 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 days
Norway (37,38)	2019	Antibiotics Centre for Primary Medicine	General Practice GP (Yes)	Anders Baerheim et al.	Complicated cystitis (no fever)	Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID	5–7 days
						Pivmecillinam	200–400 mg TID
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
					Complicated cystitis (fever)	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	5–7 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
				Sigurd Haugan Danielsen et al.	Prostatitis	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	14 days
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Second choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
	2021	General Directorate of Health	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Bjorn Waagsbo et al.	Complicated cystitis	Pivmecillinam	200 mg TID	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID
				Norwegian Directorate of Health		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
					Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID
						If atypical germs
						Azithromycin	1 g OD	14 days
						Doxycycline	100 mg OD
Netherlands (39,40)	2006	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	B. van Pinxteren et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	First line
						Nitrofurantoin	N/A	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)		Second line
						Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
	2013	Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Geerlings et al.	Cystitis (young men)	Cf. recommendations of College of General Practitioners (NHG)
					Urinary tract infection with systemic symptoms (pyelonephritis and acute prostatitis)	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
				Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)		Cotrimoxazole	N/A
	2020	College of General Practitioners (NHG)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	M. Bouma et al.	Cystitis	First choice
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BID	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)			50 mg QID
						Second choice
						Trimethoprim	300 mg OD	7 days
					UTI with signs of tissue invasion	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
						Second choice
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	14 days
						Third choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 BID	14 days
Scotland (59)	2012	Scottish Intercollegiate	Pluriprofessional GP (No	Scottish Intercollegiate	Lower urinary tract infection	Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
		Guidelines Network (SIGN)	)	Guidelines Network (SIGN)		Nitrofurantoin	N/A
					Prostatitis	Quinolone	N/A	4 weeks
South Africa (51)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	T.D. Mseleku et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg	Single dose
				Ministry of Health		Followed by
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Men > 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
South Korea (47)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Cheol-In Kang et al.	Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	5 days
				Korean Society of Infectious Diseases (KSID)		Ceftibuten	400 mg OD	10 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
					Prostatitis	3rd CEP	N/A	2–4 weeks
						Co-amoxiclav
Spain (41)	2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Marina de Cueto et al.	Uncomplicated cystitis	N/A	N/A	7 days minimum
Spain (41)				Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)
Sweden (42)		Public Health Agency	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes	Tegnell et al.	Cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
			)			Nitrofurantoin		7 days
				Public Health Agency		Pivmecillinam
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
						Trimethoprim		N/A
Switzerland (43)	2014	Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Barbara Hasse et al.	Cystitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole		7–10 days
				Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolone	N/A	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	14–21 days
						Cotrimoxazole
Taiwan (48)	2000	MEDLINE	Infectiology GP (No)	Feng-Yee Chang et al.	Prostatitis	Amoxicillin	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP
				Infectious Diseases Society of the Republic of China (IDSROC)		Cotrimoxazole
						Fluoroquinolon
Tanzania (52)	2013	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Kikuli et al.	Complicated cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years or high-risk STI
				Ministry of Health		Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
							then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BID	7 days
						Men > 35 years
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
Tonga (58)	2007	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Siale ‘Akau’ ola et al.	Cystitis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD	14 days
				Ministry of Health		Nitrofurantoin	50 mg QID
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg BD
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
					Pyelonephritis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID	14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
United Kingdom (23,44,45)	2018	National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	National Institute for Health Excellence (NICE)	Lower urinary tract infection/cystitis	Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD or TID	7–10 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	7–10 days
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Alternative first choice (IV)
						Co-amoxiclav	1.2 g TID	Oral relay as soon as possible after 48 hours
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	1–2 OD
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID
					Prostatitis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Alternative first choice
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Second choice (after discussion with specialist)
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
						First choice IV if oral impossible
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID	Orally after 48 hours, mini 14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	2 g OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD
						Trimethoprim	N/A
United States (54,55)	2016	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	Timothy J.Coker et al.	Prostatitis	Men < 35 years OR high STI risk
						Ceftriaxon	250 mg OD	Single dose
				American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)		or
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
						then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	10 days
						Men > 35 years AND low STI risk
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
						Levofloxacin	500–750 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	10–14 days
	2021	Guideline Central, American Medical Association	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	C. Bettcher et al.	Complicated Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
				University of Michigan Health System		Cefalexin	500 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g every 48h	3 doses
					Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g	Single dose
						followed by first line
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	7–14 days
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD
						Third line
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BD	10–14 days
					Prostatitis	Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
Zimbabwe (53)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Basopo Victor et al.	Cystitis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	3 days
				Ministry of Health	Pyelonephritis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	14 days

Country	Year of publication	Databases	Specialty	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Country	Year of publication	Databases	GP coauthors (yes/no)	Authors/society	Classification	Antibiotherapy	Dosage	Duration
Argentina (56)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Corina Nemirovsky et al.	Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg QID	7 days
						Cefalexin	500 mg TID	7 days
						Alternative
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
				Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases (ASID)	Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g OD	10 days
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	10 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Ceftriaxon	1–2 g OD	2–4 weeks
Asia (49)	2021	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Matsumoto et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Probabilist
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
				Asian Association of Urinary Tract Infection and Sexually Transmitted Infection (AAUS)		After antibiogram: first choice
						Fluoroquinolon	N/A	10–28 days
						After antibiogram: second choice if R-FQ
						3rd CEP	N/A	14–28 days
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A
						Cotrimoxazole	N/A
Brazil (57)	2005	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Hélio Vasconcellos Lopes et al.	Cystitis	N/A	N/A	N/A
				Brazilian Society of Infectiology (SBI); Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU)	Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
Canada (Quebec) (60)	2017	National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.	Complicated or at risk urinary tract infection	First choice
			Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Fatiha Karam et al.		Ciprofoloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
				National Institute for Health Excellence (INESS)		Ciprofloxacin XL	1000 mg OD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						after obtaining the antibiogram only
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Cystitis: 7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	Pyelonephritis: 10–14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	875–125 mg BD	10–14 days
						Cefadroxil	500 mg BID
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Croatia (30,31)	2004	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja Skerk et al.	Cystitis	2nd CEP	N/A	7 days
				Visnja Skerk et al.		Co-amoxiclav
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Ciprofloxacin
						Nitrofurantoin
						Cotrimoxazole
					Pyelonephritis	N/A	N/A	N/A
					Prostatitis	2nd CEP	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP	N/A	N/A
						Co-amoxiclav	N/A	4–6 weeks
	2004, updated in 2009	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Visnja skerk et al.	Acute UTI and systemic symptoms	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	2 weeks
				Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA)		Alternative choice
						Co-amoxiclav	1 g BD	2 weeks
						Cefuroxim-axétil	500 mg BD
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						Cefixim	400 mg OD
Denmark (32)	2020	Common public health portal (Sundhed.dk)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Ulrich Stab Jensen et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	5 days
					Complicated urinary tract infection	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	5 days
				Sundhed	Pyelonephritis	Pivmecillinam	400 mg TID	10–14 days
					Pyelonephritis	Nitrofurantoin	500 mg BD	7 days
Ethiopia (50)	2010	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Eyasu Makonnen et al.	Male urinary tract infection	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	10–14 days
				Ministry of Health		Second choice
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	10–14 days
						Amoxicillin	250–500 mg TID	10–14 days
Europe (33,62)	2001	MEDLINE	Urology GP (No)	Kurt G. Naber et al.	Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
				European Association of Urology (EAU)		2nd CEP	N/A
	2001, updated in 2021	Uroweb	Urology GP (No)	G. Bonkat et al.	Cystitis	Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	7 days
						Restricted to men, fluoroquinolones can also be prescribed in accordance with local susceptibility testing
				European Association of Urology (EAU)	Complicated UTIs	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg	14 days
						3rd CEP	N/A
					Acute Bacterial Prostatitis	Same lines of complicated UTIs
Finland (34,61)	2011	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	R. De Rosa et al.	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD or 300 m OD	7–14 days
						Fluoroquinolones	N/A
				Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	14 days
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolones	N/A	4 weeks
	2011, updated in 2021	Finnish Medical Society DUODECIM*	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Finnish Medical Society Duodecim (DUODECIM)	Cystitis	Trimethoprim	160 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
						Nitrofurantoin	75 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g OD	Single dose
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5–7 days
						Levofloxacin	250–500 mg OD	5–7 days
						Cefuroxim	750–1500 mg TID	10–14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2/d	10 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg OD	4–6 weeks
						Ciprofloxacin	N/A
						Norfloxacin	N/A
France (22,63)	2008	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500–750 mg BD	15–21 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ofloxacin	200 mg × 2–3/d
	2008, updated in 2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F. Caron et al.	Male urinary tract infection	After obtaining the antibiogram only
					Pauci symptomatic (no fever)	First choice
				French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF)		Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Second choice
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD	14 days
						Third choice
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID	14 days
						Ceftriaxon	1 g OD
					Male urinary tract infection	Same lines as male UTI pauci symptomatic in probabilistic
					symptomatic (fever)
Germany (35,36)	2011, updated in 2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	F.M.E. Wagenlehner et al. (2011)	Cystitis (Healthy young men)	First choice
				Kranz et al. (2017)		Ciprofloxacin RT	500 mg OD	3 days
						Ciprofloxacin	250 mg BD
				German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)		Levofloxacin	250 mg OD
						Norfloxacin	400 mg BD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	100 mg BD
						According to local resistance rate
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800mg BD	3 days
						Trimethoprim	200 BD	5 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	1000 mg OD	7–10 days
							500–750 mg BD
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
							750 mg OD	5 jours
						Second choice
						Cefpodoxim-proxetil	200 mg BD	10 jours
						Ceftibuten	400 mg OD
						After antibiogram
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 jours
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BID
							500/125 mg BID
Japan (46,83,84)	2011, updated in 2015 and 2016	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Yasuda et al. (2011/2016)	Complicated cystitis	First choice
				Yamamoto et al. (2015)		Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
				Japanese Association for Infectious Disease/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JAID/JSC)		Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Co-amoxiclav	250 mg TID
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID
						Alternative
						Cefdinir	100 mg TID	7–14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 mg TID
					Complicated pyelonephritis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	7–14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cefditoren pivoxil	200 mg TID	14 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BID
						Cefcapene-pivoxil	100–150 TID
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	First choice
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	200 mg BID TID
						Temafloxacin	150 mg BID
						Sitafloxacin	100 mg OD
						Alternative
						Sultamicillin	375 mg TID	14–28 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	14 days
Norway (37,38)	2019	Antibiotics Centre for Primary Medicine	General Practice GP (Yes)	Anders Baerheim et al.	Complicated cystitis (no fever)	Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID	5–7 days
						Pivmecillinam	200–400 mg TID
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
					Complicated cystitis (fever)	Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	5–7 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
				Sigurd Haugan Danielsen et al.	Prostatitis	First choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg × 2 BD	14 days
				Primary Care Antibiotic Centre		Second choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
	2021	General Directorate of Health	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Bjorn Waagsbo et al.	Complicated cystitis	Pivmecillinam	200 mg TID	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	50 mg TID
				Norwegian Directorate of Health		Trimethoprim	160 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
					Prostatitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg x 2 BD
						Cefotaxim	1 g TID
						If atypical germs
						Azithromycin	1 g OD	14 days
						Doxycycline	100 mg OD
Netherlands (39,40)	2006	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	B. van Pinxteren et al.	Complicated urinary tract infection	First line
						Nitrofurantoin	N/A	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)		Second line
						Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
	2013	Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Geerlings et al.	Cystitis (young men)	Cf. recommendations of College of General Practitioners (NHG)
					Urinary tract infection with systemic symptoms (pyelonephritis and acute prostatitis)	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
				Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)		Cotrimoxazole	N/A
	2020	College of General Practitioners (NHG)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	M. Bouma et al.	Cystitis	First choice
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BID	7 days
				College of General Practitioners (NHG)			50 mg QID
						Second choice
						Trimethoprim	300 mg OD	7 days
					UTI with signs of tissue invasion	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
						Second choice
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	14 days
						Third choice
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 BID	14 days
Scotland (59)	2012	Scottish Intercollegiate	Pluriprofessional GP (No	Scottish Intercollegiate	Lower urinary tract infection	Trimethoprim	N/A	7 days
		Guidelines Network (SIGN)	)	Guidelines Network (SIGN)		Nitrofurantoin	N/A
					Prostatitis	Quinolone	N/A	4 weeks
South Africa (51)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	T.D. Mseleku et al.	Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg	Single dose
				Ministry of Health		Followed by
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Men > 35 years old
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
South Korea (47)	2018	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Cheol-In Kang et al.	Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	7 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	5 days
				Korean Society of Infectious Diseases (KSID)		Ceftibuten	400 mg OD	10 days
						Cefpodoxim	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
					Prostatitis	3rd CEP	N/A	2–4 weeks
						Co-amoxiclav
Spain (41)	2017	MEDLINE	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Marina de Cueto et al.	Uncomplicated cystitis	N/A	N/A	7 days minimum
Spain (41)				Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC)
Sweden (42)		Public Health Agency	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes	Tegnell et al.	Cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
			)			Nitrofurantoin		7 days
				Public Health Agency		Pivmecillinam
					Pyelonephritis	Ciprofloxacin	N/A	2 weeks
						Trimethoprim		N/A
Switzerland (43)	2014	Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Barbara Hasse et al.	Cystitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	7–10 days
						Cotrimoxazole		7–10 days
				Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases	Pyelonephritis	Fluoroquinolone	N/A	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole
					Prostatitis	Fluoroquinolon	N/A	14–21 days
						Cotrimoxazole
Taiwan (48)	2000	MEDLINE	Infectiology GP (No)	Feng-Yee Chang et al.	Prostatitis	Amoxicillin	N/A	N/A
						3rd CEP
				Infectious Diseases Society of the Republic of China (IDSROC)		Cotrimoxazole
						Fluoroquinolon
Tanzania (52)	2013	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	Kikuli et al.	Complicated cystitis	Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	7 days
					Acute bacterial prostatitis	Men < 35 years or high-risk STI
				Ministry of Health		Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
							then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BID	7 days
						Men > 35 years
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BID	14 days
Tonga (58)	2007	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Siale ‘Akau’ ola et al.	Cystitis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD	14 days
				Ministry of Health		Nitrofurantoin	50 mg QID
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg BD
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
					Pyelonephritis	First line
						Cefalexin	500 mg QID	14 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
United Kingdom (23,44,45)	2018	National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	National Institute for Health Excellence (NICE)	Lower urinary tract infection/cystitis	Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	7 days
						Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
					Pyelonephritis	First choice
						Cefalexin	500 mg BD or TID	7–10 days
						Co-amoxiclav	500/125 mg TID	7–10 days
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Alternative first choice (IV)
						Co-amoxiclav	1.2 g TID	Oral relay as soon as possible after 48 hours
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	1–2 OD
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID
					Prostatitis	First choice
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	14 days
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Alternative first choice
						Trimethoprim	200 mg BD	14 days
						Second choice (after discussion with specialist)
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD	14 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	14 days
						First choice IV if oral impossible
						Ciprofloxacin	400 mg BID TID	Orally after 48 hours, mini 14 days
						Levofloxacin	500 mg OD
						Cefuroxim	1.5 g TID QID
						Ceftriaxon	2 g OD
						Ofloxacin	200 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	800/160 mg BD
						Trimethoprim	N/A
United States (54,55)	2016	MEDLINE	General Practice GP (Yes)	Timothy J.Coker et al.	Prostatitis	Men < 35 years OR high STI risk
						Ceftriaxon	250 mg OD	Single dose
				American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)		or
						Cefixim	400 mg OD	Single dose
						then
						Doxycyclin	100 mg BD	10 days
						Men > 35 years AND low STI risk
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	10–14 days
						Levofloxacin	500–750 mg OD
						Alternative
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BID	10–14 days
	2021	Guideline Central, American Medical Association	Pluriprofessional GP (Yes)	C. Bettcher et al.	Complicated Cystitis	Nitrofurantoin	100 mg BD	7 days
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
				University of Michigan Health System		Cefalexin	500 mg BD
						Fosfomycin	3 g every 48h	3 doses
					Pyelonephritis	Ceftriaxon	1 g	Single dose
						followed by first line
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD	7–14 days
						Second line
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD	5 days
						Levofloxacin	750 mg OD
						Third line
						Co-amoxiclav	875/125 mg BD	10–14 days
					Prostatitis	Levofloxacin	750 mg OD	14 days
						Ciprofloxacin	500 mg BD
						Cotrimoxazole	160/800 mg BD
Zimbabwe (53)	2006	World Health Organization (WHO)	Pluriprofessional GP (No)	Basopo Victor et al.	Cystitis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	3 days
				Ministry of Health	Pyelonephritis	Norfloxacin	400 mg BD	14 days

*Translation from EBMFrance.net.

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only