| . | Dietary Model . | Genetic Model . | Comments . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ↘body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight | ↘ body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight in HF-fed mice | Fat-1 model tends to decrease body weight gain induced by HF diet |
| Insulin and glucose tolerance tests | ↗ insulin sensibility and glucose tolerance | Supplementation has no effect during ipITT and oGTT | |
| Plasma biomolecules | ↘ leptin ↘ TG and cholesterol | ↘ cholesterol in HF-fed mice | |
| Hepatic lipids and their derivatives | ↘ TG, total FA, palmitic acid, OA, and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio ↘ Total ω-6 PUFA, AA, and LA ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, EPA, DHA, and DPA ↗ 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE ↘ LTB4 | ↘ Total FA in HF-fed mice and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio↘ Total ω-6 PUFA and LA in HF-fed mice ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, DHA, DPA in HF-fed mice | Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA markedly improves hepatic steatosisω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio:HF-ω3 vs HF-Fat1:13.9 vs 1.7 |
| ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-EPG, 2-DHG, 2-DPGNAEs: ↗ EPEA, DHEA and ↘ AEA, LEA | ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-DHG, 2-DPG, 2-AG, 2-LG ↗ 2-OG in HF-fed mice | ||
| Hepatic bile acids (BA) | pM/mg: ↗ CA, GCA%: ↗ CA,↘ TCDCA, TUDCA | Trend for ↗ total primary BA, total BA, and total conjugated BA | Few effects on hepatic BA profile in both models |
| Hepatic cytokines | ↘ IL-2, IL-3, IL-10 | ↘ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, RANTES, TNF-α | |
| Gut microbiota composition (feces) | ↘ Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, Parabacteroides, Dorea, Proteus, Coprococcus genera ↗ Turicibacter and Allobaculum genera | ↘ S24-7, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira genera ↗ Erysipelotrichaceae family | Similar gut microbiota profiles between both models Allobaculum genus belongs to the Erysipelotrichaceae family |
| Caecal SCFA | ↗ Caecum weight ↗ propionate, isovalerate, isobutyrate | ||
| Skeletal muscle lipid mediators | ↗ 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE | ||
| Gastrocnemius endocannabinoids | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, E-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA ↘ 2-LG, LEA, 2-AG, AEA | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, 2-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA |
| . | Dietary Model . | Genetic Model . | Comments . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ↘body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight | ↘ body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight in HF-fed mice | Fat-1 model tends to decrease body weight gain induced by HF diet |
| Insulin and glucose tolerance tests | ↗ insulin sensibility and glucose tolerance | Supplementation has no effect during ipITT and oGTT | |
| Plasma biomolecules | ↘ leptin ↘ TG and cholesterol | ↘ cholesterol in HF-fed mice | |
| Hepatic lipids and their derivatives | ↘ TG, total FA, palmitic acid, OA, and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio ↘ Total ω-6 PUFA, AA, and LA ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, EPA, DHA, and DPA ↗ 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE ↘ LTB4 | ↘ Total FA in HF-fed mice and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio↘ Total ω-6 PUFA and LA in HF-fed mice ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, DHA, DPA in HF-fed mice | Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA markedly improves hepatic steatosisω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio:HF-ω3 vs HF-Fat1:13.9 vs 1.7 |
| ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-EPG, 2-DHG, 2-DPGNAEs: ↗ EPEA, DHEA and ↘ AEA, LEA | ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-DHG, 2-DPG, 2-AG, 2-LG ↗ 2-OG in HF-fed mice | ||
| Hepatic bile acids (BA) | pM/mg: ↗ CA, GCA%: ↗ CA,↘ TCDCA, TUDCA | Trend for ↗ total primary BA, total BA, and total conjugated BA | Few effects on hepatic BA profile in both models |
| Hepatic cytokines | ↘ IL-2, IL-3, IL-10 | ↘ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, RANTES, TNF-α | |
| Gut microbiota composition (feces) | ↘ Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, Parabacteroides, Dorea, Proteus, Coprococcus genera ↗ Turicibacter and Allobaculum genera | ↘ S24-7, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira genera ↗ Erysipelotrichaceae family | Similar gut microbiota profiles between both models Allobaculum genus belongs to the Erysipelotrichaceae family |
| Caecal SCFA | ↗ Caecum weight ↗ propionate, isovalerate, isobutyrate | ||
| Skeletal muscle lipid mediators | ↗ 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE | ||
| Gastrocnemius endocannabinoids | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, E-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA ↘ 2-LG, LEA, 2-AG, AEA | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, 2-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA |
| . | Dietary Model . | Genetic Model . | Comments . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ↘body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight | ↘ body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight in HF-fed mice | Fat-1 model tends to decrease body weight gain induced by HF diet |
| Insulin and glucose tolerance tests | ↗ insulin sensibility and glucose tolerance | Supplementation has no effect during ipITT and oGTT | |
| Plasma biomolecules | ↘ leptin ↘ TG and cholesterol | ↘ cholesterol in HF-fed mice | |
| Hepatic lipids and their derivatives | ↘ TG, total FA, palmitic acid, OA, and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio ↘ Total ω-6 PUFA, AA, and LA ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, EPA, DHA, and DPA ↗ 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE ↘ LTB4 | ↘ Total FA in HF-fed mice and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio↘ Total ω-6 PUFA and LA in HF-fed mice ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, DHA, DPA in HF-fed mice | Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA markedly improves hepatic steatosisω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio:HF-ω3 vs HF-Fat1:13.9 vs 1.7 |
| ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-EPG, 2-DHG, 2-DPGNAEs: ↗ EPEA, DHEA and ↘ AEA, LEA | ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-DHG, 2-DPG, 2-AG, 2-LG ↗ 2-OG in HF-fed mice | ||
| Hepatic bile acids (BA) | pM/mg: ↗ CA, GCA%: ↗ CA,↘ TCDCA, TUDCA | Trend for ↗ total primary BA, total BA, and total conjugated BA | Few effects on hepatic BA profile in both models |
| Hepatic cytokines | ↘ IL-2, IL-3, IL-10 | ↘ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, RANTES, TNF-α | |
| Gut microbiota composition (feces) | ↘ Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, Parabacteroides, Dorea, Proteus, Coprococcus genera ↗ Turicibacter and Allobaculum genera | ↘ S24-7, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira genera ↗ Erysipelotrichaceae family | Similar gut microbiota profiles between both models Allobaculum genus belongs to the Erysipelotrichaceae family |
| Caecal SCFA | ↗ Caecum weight ↗ propionate, isovalerate, isobutyrate | ||
| Skeletal muscle lipid mediators | ↗ 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE | ||
| Gastrocnemius endocannabinoids | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, E-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA ↘ 2-LG, LEA, 2-AG, AEA | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, 2-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA |
| . | Dietary Model . | Genetic Model . | Comments . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ↘body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight | ↘ body weight gain ↘ energy efficiency of diet ↘ liver weight in HF-fed mice | Fat-1 model tends to decrease body weight gain induced by HF diet |
| Insulin and glucose tolerance tests | ↗ insulin sensibility and glucose tolerance | Supplementation has no effect during ipITT and oGTT | |
| Plasma biomolecules | ↘ leptin ↘ TG and cholesterol | ↘ cholesterol in HF-fed mice | |
| Hepatic lipids and their derivatives | ↘ TG, total FA, palmitic acid, OA, and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio ↘ Total ω-6 PUFA, AA, and LA ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, EPA, DHA, and DPA ↗ 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE ↘ LTB4 | ↘ Total FA in HF-fed mice and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio↘ Total ω-6 PUFA and LA in HF-fed mice ↗ Total ω-3 PUFA, DHA, DPA in HF-fed mice | Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA markedly improves hepatic steatosisω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio:HF-ω3 vs HF-Fat1:13.9 vs 1.7 |
| ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-EPG, 2-DHG, 2-DPGNAEs: ↗ EPEA, DHEA and ↘ AEA, LEA | ↗ 2-MAGs: 2-DHG, 2-DPG, 2-AG, 2-LG ↗ 2-OG in HF-fed mice | ||
| Hepatic bile acids (BA) | pM/mg: ↗ CA, GCA%: ↗ CA,↘ TCDCA, TUDCA | Trend for ↗ total primary BA, total BA, and total conjugated BA | Few effects on hepatic BA profile in both models |
| Hepatic cytokines | ↘ IL-2, IL-3, IL-10 | ↘ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, RANTES, TNF-α | |
| Gut microbiota composition (feces) | ↘ Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, Parabacteroides, Dorea, Proteus, Coprococcus genera ↗ Turicibacter and Allobaculum genera | ↘ S24-7, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira genera ↗ Erysipelotrichaceae family | Similar gut microbiota profiles between both models Allobaculum genus belongs to the Erysipelotrichaceae family |
| Caecal SCFA | ↗ Caecum weight ↗ propionate, isovalerate, isobutyrate | ||
| Skeletal muscle lipid mediators | ↗ 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE | ||
| Gastrocnemius endocannabinoids | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, E-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA ↘ 2-LG, LEA, 2-AG, AEA | ↗ 2-EPG, EPEA, 2-DPG, 2-DHG, DHEA |
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