Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Incidence Rates of CLABSIs, CAUTIs, VAE, and CDIs
| Unadjusted Segmented Regression Analysis Showing Level and Trend Changes for Baseline and Pandemic Period . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Baseline Trend . | Pandemic Level Change . | Pandemic Trend Change . | ||||
| . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | ||||
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 1.238a(1.012–1.514) | 1.017 (.993–1.042) | ||||
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.030 (.857–1.238) | 0.997 (.97–1.024) | ||||
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–1.022) | 1.340a(1.07–1.678) | 0.997 (.976–1.018) | ||||
| CDI | 0.979a(.969–0.989) | 0.863a (.742–1.004) | 1.042a(1.017–1.068) | ||||
| Segmented Regression Analysis Adjusted for Hospital Characteristics (Type and Size) Showing Trends for Baseline Period and Pandemic Phases 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||
| . | . | Pandemic Phase 1 . | Pandemic Phase 2 . | Pandemic Phase 3 . | |||
| . | Baseline Trend . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 0.955 (.732–1.246) | 1.162 (.993–1.361) | 1.443a(1.060–1.962) | 1.001 (.906–1.105) | 1.487a(1.095–2.020) | 0.975 (.899–1.057) |
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.086 (.79–1.494) | 0.862 (.721–1.032) | 1.195 (.881–1.621) | 0.998 (.831–1.198) | 1.145(.794–1.653) | 0.913 (.808–1.031) |
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–*1.023) | 1.339a(1.045–1.714) | 0.972 (.874–1.081) | 1.429a(1.003–2.035) | 0.936 (.854–1.027) | 1.533a(1.123–2.094) | 0.927a(.877–.980) |
| CDI | 0.977a(.967–0.987) | 0.956 (.719–1.270) | 1.061 (.926–1.215) | 0.912 (.715–1.164) | 1.032 (.906–1.174) | 1.29 (.998–1.669) | 1.068 (.990–1.151) |
| Unadjusted Segmented Regression Analysis Showing Level and Trend Changes for Baseline and Pandemic Period . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Baseline Trend . | Pandemic Level Change . | Pandemic Trend Change . | ||||
| . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | ||||
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 1.238a(1.012–1.514) | 1.017 (.993–1.042) | ||||
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.030 (.857–1.238) | 0.997 (.97–1.024) | ||||
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–1.022) | 1.340a(1.07–1.678) | 0.997 (.976–1.018) | ||||
| CDI | 0.979a(.969–0.989) | 0.863a (.742–1.004) | 1.042a(1.017–1.068) | ||||
| Segmented Regression Analysis Adjusted for Hospital Characteristics (Type and Size) Showing Trends for Baseline Period and Pandemic Phases 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||
| . | . | Pandemic Phase 1 . | Pandemic Phase 2 . | Pandemic Phase 3 . | |||
| . | Baseline Trend . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 0.955 (.732–1.246) | 1.162 (.993–1.361) | 1.443a(1.060–1.962) | 1.001 (.906–1.105) | 1.487a(1.095–2.020) | 0.975 (.899–1.057) |
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.086 (.79–1.494) | 0.862 (.721–1.032) | 1.195 (.881–1.621) | 0.998 (.831–1.198) | 1.145(.794–1.653) | 0.913 (.808–1.031) |
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–*1.023) | 1.339a(1.045–1.714) | 0.972 (.874–1.081) | 1.429a(1.003–2.035) | 0.936 (.854–1.027) | 1.533a(1.123–2.094) | 0.927a(.877–.980) |
| CDI | 0.977a(.967–0.987) | 0.956 (.719–1.270) | 1.061 (.926–1.215) | 0.912 (.715–1.164) | 1.032 (.906–1.174) | 1.29 (.998–1.669) | 1.068 (.990–1.151) |
Abbreviations: CAUTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infections; CDI, C. difficile infections; CI, confidence interval; CLABSI, central-line-associated bloodstream infections; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; RR, rate ratio; VAE, ventilator-associated events.
Statistically significant.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Incidence Rates of CLABSIs, CAUTIs, VAE, and CDIs
| Unadjusted Segmented Regression Analysis Showing Level and Trend Changes for Baseline and Pandemic Period . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Baseline Trend . | Pandemic Level Change . | Pandemic Trend Change . | ||||
| . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | ||||
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 1.238a(1.012–1.514) | 1.017 (.993–1.042) | ||||
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.030 (.857–1.238) | 0.997 (.97–1.024) | ||||
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–1.022) | 1.340a(1.07–1.678) | 0.997 (.976–1.018) | ||||
| CDI | 0.979a(.969–0.989) | 0.863a (.742–1.004) | 1.042a(1.017–1.068) | ||||
| Segmented Regression Analysis Adjusted for Hospital Characteristics (Type and Size) Showing Trends for Baseline Period and Pandemic Phases 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||
| . | . | Pandemic Phase 1 . | Pandemic Phase 2 . | Pandemic Phase 3 . | |||
| . | Baseline Trend . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 0.955 (.732–1.246) | 1.162 (.993–1.361) | 1.443a(1.060–1.962) | 1.001 (.906–1.105) | 1.487a(1.095–2.020) | 0.975 (.899–1.057) |
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.086 (.79–1.494) | 0.862 (.721–1.032) | 1.195 (.881–1.621) | 0.998 (.831–1.198) | 1.145(.794–1.653) | 0.913 (.808–1.031) |
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–*1.023) | 1.339a(1.045–1.714) | 0.972 (.874–1.081) | 1.429a(1.003–2.035) | 0.936 (.854–1.027) | 1.533a(1.123–2.094) | 0.927a(.877–.980) |
| CDI | 0.977a(.967–0.987) | 0.956 (.719–1.270) | 1.061 (.926–1.215) | 0.912 (.715–1.164) | 1.032 (.906–1.174) | 1.29 (.998–1.669) | 1.068 (.990–1.151) |
| Unadjusted Segmented Regression Analysis Showing Level and Trend Changes for Baseline and Pandemic Period . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Baseline Trend . | Pandemic Level Change . | Pandemic Trend Change . | ||||
| . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | RR (95% CI) . | ||||
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 1.238a(1.012–1.514) | 1.017 (.993–1.042) | ||||
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.030 (.857–1.238) | 0.997 (.97–1.024) | ||||
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–1.022) | 1.340a(1.07–1.678) | 0.997 (.976–1.018) | ||||
| CDI | 0.979a(.969–0.989) | 0.863a (.742–1.004) | 1.042a(1.017–1.068) | ||||
| Segmented Regression Analysis Adjusted for Hospital Characteristics (Type and Size) Showing Trends for Baseline Period and Pandemic Phases 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||
| . | . | Pandemic Phase 1 . | Pandemic Phase 2 . | Pandemic Phase 3 . | |||
| . | Baseline Trend . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . | Level Change . | Trend Change . |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| CLABSI | 0.996 (.989–1.003) | 0.955 (.732–1.246) | 1.162 (.993–1.361) | 1.443a(1.060–1.962) | 1.001 (.906–1.105) | 1.487a(1.095–2.020) | 0.975 (.899–1.057) |
| CAUTI | 1.001 (.991–1.011) | 1.086 (.79–1.494) | 0.862 (.721–1.032) | 1.195 (.881–1.621) | 0.998 (.831–1.198) | 1.145(.794–1.653) | 0.913 (.808–1.031) |
| VAE | 1.007 (.991–*1.023) | 1.339a(1.045–1.714) | 0.972 (.874–1.081) | 1.429a(1.003–2.035) | 0.936 (.854–1.027) | 1.533a(1.123–2.094) | 0.927a(.877–.980) |
| CDI | 0.977a(.967–0.987) | 0.956 (.719–1.270) | 1.061 (.926–1.215) | 0.912 (.715–1.164) | 1.032 (.906–1.174) | 1.29 (.998–1.669) | 1.068 (.990–1.151) |
Abbreviations: CAUTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infections; CDI, C. difficile infections; CI, confidence interval; CLABSI, central-line-associated bloodstream infections; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; RR, rate ratio; VAE, ventilator-associated events.
Statistically significant.
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