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Table 1

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Main studies exploring sicca syndrome in patients with SSc

Article	Population	Prevalence for subjective Sicca symptoms (self-reported symptoms)	Prevalence for objective Sicca symptoms	Histological findings	Diagnosis of overlap with pSS
Avouac et al. 2006 [22]	133 SSc	68%	Schirmer <5 mm 46%	55% fibrotic lesions, 20% FS >1	14% AECG criteria
Kobak et al. 2013 [21]	118 SSc	71.2% (sicca questionnaire)	SS-SSc group XSM 100% XPM 100% SSc group XSM 29.5% XPM 26.9%	34% Grade 3/4 Chisholm	33.9% AECG criteria
Kucuk et al. 2018 [52]	26 SSc	NA	NA	88% FS >1 46% of fibrotic lesions (mild 42%, moderate/severe 4%)	NA
Couderc et al. 2020 [41]	25 SSc	XSM 40% XPM 36%	Schirmer <5 mm 53%	NA	NA
Lee et al. 2020 [42]	62 SSc,	XSM 62,9% XPM 48.3%	NA	NA	NA
Can et al. 2021 [51]	102 SSc	75%	Schirmer <5 mm 64% USFR <0.1 ml/min 35%	80% of fibrotic lesions (mild 67%, moderate 24% severe 9%) Focus score >1 45% 45% lymphocytic sialadenitis	35.3% fulfilling AECG criteria

Article	Population	Prevalence for subjective Sicca symptoms (self-reported symptoms)	Prevalence for objective Sicca symptoms	Histological findings	Diagnosis of overlap with pSS
Avouac et al. 2006 [22]	133 SSc	68%	Schirmer <5 mm 46%	55% fibrotic lesions, 20% FS >1	14% AECG criteria
Kobak et al. 2013 [21]	118 SSc	71.2% (sicca questionnaire)	SS-SSc group XSM 100% XPM 100% SSc group XSM 29.5% XPM 26.9%	34% Grade 3/4 Chisholm	33.9% AECG criteria
Kucuk et al. 2018 [52]	26 SSc	NA	NA	88% FS >1 46% of fibrotic lesions (mild 42%, moderate/severe 4%)	NA
Couderc et al. 2020 [41]	25 SSc	XSM 40% XPM 36%	Schirmer <5 mm 53%	NA	NA
Lee et al. 2020 [42]	62 SSc,	XSM 62,9% XPM 48.3%	NA	NA	NA
Can et al. 2021 [51]	102 SSc	75%	Schirmer <5 mm 64% USFR <0.1 ml/min 35%	80% of fibrotic lesions (mild 67%, moderate 24% severe 9%) Focus score >1 45% 45% lymphocytic sialadenitis	35.3% fulfilling AECG criteria

AECG: American–European Consensus Group; FS: focus score; NA: not available; pSS: primary Sjögren’s syndrome; USFR: unstimulated flow rate; XPM: xerophthalmia; XSM: xerostomia.

Table 1

Open in new tab

Main studies exploring sicca syndrome in patients with SSc

Article	Population	Prevalence for subjective Sicca symptoms (self-reported symptoms)	Prevalence for objective Sicca symptoms	Histological findings	Diagnosis of overlap with pSS
Avouac et al. 2006 [22]	133 SSc	68%	Schirmer <5 mm 46%	55% fibrotic lesions, 20% FS >1	14% AECG criteria
Kobak et al. 2013 [21]	118 SSc	71.2% (sicca questionnaire)	SS-SSc group XSM 100% XPM 100% SSc group XSM 29.5% XPM 26.9%	34% Grade 3/4 Chisholm	33.9% AECG criteria
Kucuk et al. 2018 [52]	26 SSc	NA	NA	88% FS >1 46% of fibrotic lesions (mild 42%, moderate/severe 4%)	NA
Couderc et al. 2020 [41]	25 SSc	XSM 40% XPM 36%	Schirmer <5 mm 53%	NA	NA
Lee et al. 2020 [42]	62 SSc,	XSM 62,9% XPM 48.3%	NA	NA	NA
Can et al. 2021 [51]	102 SSc	75%	Schirmer <5 mm 64% USFR <0.1 ml/min 35%	80% of fibrotic lesions (mild 67%, moderate 24% severe 9%) Focus score >1 45% 45% lymphocytic sialadenitis	35.3% fulfilling AECG criteria

Article	Population	Prevalence for subjective Sicca symptoms (self-reported symptoms)	Prevalence for objective Sicca symptoms	Histological findings	Diagnosis of overlap with pSS
Avouac et al. 2006 [22]	133 SSc	68%	Schirmer <5 mm 46%	55% fibrotic lesions, 20% FS >1	14% AECG criteria
Kobak et al. 2013 [21]	118 SSc	71.2% (sicca questionnaire)	SS-SSc group XSM 100% XPM 100% SSc group XSM 29.5% XPM 26.9%	34% Grade 3/4 Chisholm	33.9% AECG criteria
Kucuk et al. 2018 [52]	26 SSc	NA	NA	88% FS >1 46% of fibrotic lesions (mild 42%, moderate/severe 4%)	NA
Couderc et al. 2020 [41]	25 SSc	XSM 40% XPM 36%	Schirmer <5 mm 53%	NA	NA
Lee et al. 2020 [42]	62 SSc,	XSM 62,9% XPM 48.3%	NA	NA	NA
Can et al. 2021 [51]	102 SSc	75%	Schirmer <5 mm 64% USFR <0.1 ml/min 35%	80% of fibrotic lesions (mild 67%, moderate 24% severe 9%) Focus score >1 45% 45% lymphocytic sialadenitis	35.3% fulfilling AECG criteria

AECG: American–European Consensus Group; FS: focus score; NA: not available; pSS: primary Sjögren’s syndrome; USFR: unstimulated flow rate; XPM: xerophthalmia; XSM: xerostomia.