Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Developed Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-Iris, n = 25) and Those Who Did Not (Non-IRIS, n = 18)
| Patient Characteristics . | TB-IRIS (n = 25) . | Non-IRIS (n = 18) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Median, IQR) (years) | 34 (22–52) | 33 (24–55) | ns |
| Female sex (n, %) | 13 (52%) | 12 (66%) | |
| Previous TB (n, %) | 15 (60%) | 10 (55%) | |
| TB type (n, %) | |||
| PTB | 4 (16%) | 2 (11%) | |
| EPTB | 4 (16%) | 5 (27%) | |
| EPTB and PTB | 17 (68%) | 11 (61%) | |
| TB meningitis/neuro-TB (n, %) | 7 (23%) | 4 (21%) | |
| TB confirmation (n, %) | |||
| Cultured Mtb | 9 (36%) | 6 (33%) | |
| Smear | 6 (24%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Clinicoradiological | 10 (40%) | 10 (55%) | |
| Hb (median, IQR) (g/dL) | 9.1 (6.4–13) | 9.4 (5.9–14.0) | ns |
| CD4 nadir (median, IQR) | 49 (11–209) | 70 (4–272) | ns |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 0 (median, IQR) | 68 (21–521) | 111 (4–662) | .009 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 4 (median, IQR) | 164 (23–556) | 276 (21–514) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 0 (median, IQR) | 5.73 (3.96–7.78) | 5.8 (4.21–7.15) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 4 (median, IQR) | 2.72 (0–3.88) | 2.68 (1.32–3.3) | ns |
| Duration TB treatment to ART (median, IQR) (days) | 37 (14–99) | 32 (13–91) | ns |
| Duration ART to TB-IRIS (median, IQR) (days) | 15 (4–49) | na | - |
| On steroid treatment at week 0 (n, %) | 7 (28) | 4 (22) | ns |
| Patient Characteristics . | TB-IRIS (n = 25) . | Non-IRIS (n = 18) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Median, IQR) (years) | 34 (22–52) | 33 (24–55) | ns |
| Female sex (n, %) | 13 (52%) | 12 (66%) | |
| Previous TB (n, %) | 15 (60%) | 10 (55%) | |
| TB type (n, %) | |||
| PTB | 4 (16%) | 2 (11%) | |
| EPTB | 4 (16%) | 5 (27%) | |
| EPTB and PTB | 17 (68%) | 11 (61%) | |
| TB meningitis/neuro-TB (n, %) | 7 (23%) | 4 (21%) | |
| TB confirmation (n, %) | |||
| Cultured Mtb | 9 (36%) | 6 (33%) | |
| Smear | 6 (24%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Clinicoradiological | 10 (40%) | 10 (55%) | |
| Hb (median, IQR) (g/dL) | 9.1 (6.4–13) | 9.4 (5.9–14.0) | ns |
| CD4 nadir (median, IQR) | 49 (11–209) | 70 (4–272) | ns |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 0 (median, IQR) | 68 (21–521) | 111 (4–662) | .009 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 4 (median, IQR) | 164 (23–556) | 276 (21–514) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 0 (median, IQR) | 5.73 (3.96–7.78) | 5.8 (4.21–7.15) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 4 (median, IQR) | 2.72 (0–3.88) | 2.68 (1.32–3.3) | ns |
| Duration TB treatment to ART (median, IQR) (days) | 37 (14–99) | 32 (13–91) | ns |
| Duration ART to TB-IRIS (median, IQR) (days) | 15 (4–49) | na | - |
| On steroid treatment at week 0 (n, %) | 7 (28) | 4 (22) | ns |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral treatment; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; Hb, hemoglobin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; na, not applicable; ns, not significant; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; VL, viral load.
NOTE: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare all continuous variables, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare categorical variables. The bold font was to highlight the significant P-value for the CD4 count measurement in patients with TB-IRIS compared to non-IRIS controls. Notably, lower CD4 counts have been noted to be one of the major predisposing factors to TB-IRIS.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Developed Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-Iris, n = 25) and Those Who Did Not (Non-IRIS, n = 18)
| Patient Characteristics . | TB-IRIS (n = 25) . | Non-IRIS (n = 18) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Median, IQR) (years) | 34 (22–52) | 33 (24–55) | ns |
| Female sex (n, %) | 13 (52%) | 12 (66%) | |
| Previous TB (n, %) | 15 (60%) | 10 (55%) | |
| TB type (n, %) | |||
| PTB | 4 (16%) | 2 (11%) | |
| EPTB | 4 (16%) | 5 (27%) | |
| EPTB and PTB | 17 (68%) | 11 (61%) | |
| TB meningitis/neuro-TB (n, %) | 7 (23%) | 4 (21%) | |
| TB confirmation (n, %) | |||
| Cultured Mtb | 9 (36%) | 6 (33%) | |
| Smear | 6 (24%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Clinicoradiological | 10 (40%) | 10 (55%) | |
| Hb (median, IQR) (g/dL) | 9.1 (6.4–13) | 9.4 (5.9–14.0) | ns |
| CD4 nadir (median, IQR) | 49 (11–209) | 70 (4–272) | ns |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 0 (median, IQR) | 68 (21–521) | 111 (4–662) | .009 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 4 (median, IQR) | 164 (23–556) | 276 (21–514) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 0 (median, IQR) | 5.73 (3.96–7.78) | 5.8 (4.21–7.15) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 4 (median, IQR) | 2.72 (0–3.88) | 2.68 (1.32–3.3) | ns |
| Duration TB treatment to ART (median, IQR) (days) | 37 (14–99) | 32 (13–91) | ns |
| Duration ART to TB-IRIS (median, IQR) (days) | 15 (4–49) | na | - |
| On steroid treatment at week 0 (n, %) | 7 (28) | 4 (22) | ns |
| Patient Characteristics . | TB-IRIS (n = 25) . | Non-IRIS (n = 18) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Median, IQR) (years) | 34 (22–52) | 33 (24–55) | ns |
| Female sex (n, %) | 13 (52%) | 12 (66%) | |
| Previous TB (n, %) | 15 (60%) | 10 (55%) | |
| TB type (n, %) | |||
| PTB | 4 (16%) | 2 (11%) | |
| EPTB | 4 (16%) | 5 (27%) | |
| EPTB and PTB | 17 (68%) | 11 (61%) | |
| TB meningitis/neuro-TB (n, %) | 7 (23%) | 4 (21%) | |
| TB confirmation (n, %) | |||
| Cultured Mtb | 9 (36%) | 6 (33%) | |
| Smear | 6 (24%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Clinicoradiological | 10 (40%) | 10 (55%) | |
| Hb (median, IQR) (g/dL) | 9.1 (6.4–13) | 9.4 (5.9–14.0) | ns |
| CD4 nadir (median, IQR) | 49 (11–209) | 70 (4–272) | ns |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 0 (median, IQR) | 68 (21–521) | 111 (4–662) | .009 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) at week 4 (median, IQR) | 164 (23–556) | 276 (21–514) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 0 (median, IQR) | 5.73 (3.96–7.78) | 5.8 (4.21–7.15) | ns |
| Log10 HIV VL at week 4 (median, IQR) | 2.72 (0–3.88) | 2.68 (1.32–3.3) | ns |
| Duration TB treatment to ART (median, IQR) (days) | 37 (14–99) | 32 (13–91) | ns |
| Duration ART to TB-IRIS (median, IQR) (days) | 15 (4–49) | na | - |
| On steroid treatment at week 0 (n, %) | 7 (28) | 4 (22) | ns |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral treatment; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; Hb, hemoglobin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; na, not applicable; ns, not significant; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; VL, viral load.
NOTE: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare all continuous variables, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare categorical variables. The bold font was to highlight the significant P-value for the CD4 count measurement in patients with TB-IRIS compared to non-IRIS controls. Notably, lower CD4 counts have been noted to be one of the major predisposing factors to TB-IRIS.
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