Table 1. Open in new tab Clinical...

Characteristics

Complement-mediated MPGN (n = 34)

Immune complex–mediated MPGN (n = 186)

P-value

Native kidney disease

Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR)

34 (24–51)

33 (22–45)

.41

Sex (male), n (%)

24 (71)

109 (59)

.19

Clinical presentation^a, n (%)

.02

Nephrotic syndrome

15 (44)

88 (68)

Nephritic syndrome

4 (12)

20 (15)

Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria

8 (24)

6 (5)

Isolated microscopic haematuria

4 (12)

16 (12)

Time to kidney failure (months), median (IQR)

60 (14–115)

56 (12–128)

.94

Kidney transplantation

Age at transplantation (years), median (IQR)

47 (38–60)

45 (35–56)

.36

Type of donor, n (%)

.34

Cadaveric

30 (88)

162 (87)

DCD

4 (12)

12 (7)

Living donor

0 (0)

8 (4)

Living-related donor

0 (0)

4 (2)

HLA-A/B/DR mismatch, mean ± SD

4 ± 1

3.8 ± 1

.29

Cold ischaemia time (hours), median (IQR)

18 (16–20)

18 (15–21)

.46

Immediate graft function, n (%)

23 (68)

126 (68)

.98

Baseline immunosuppression, n (%)

Induction therapy

25 (74)

90 (48)

.06

Corticosteroids

34 (100)

185 (99)

.69

Tacrolimus

32 (94)

132 (71)

.005

Cyclosporine

2 (6)

45 (24)

.02

Mycophenolate mofetil

31 (91)

131 (70)

.01

MTOR inhibitors

2 (6)

9 (5)

.93

Azathioprine

0 (0)

26 (14)

.02

Follow-up

Post-transplant eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

53 (47–68)

58 (45–74)

.19

Rejection episodes, n (%)

6 (18)

28 (15)

.69

Cellular

4 (12)

22 (12)

.97

Antibody-mediated

2 (6)

4 (2)

.42

Recurrence of the disease, n (%)

21 (62)

33 (18)

<.001

Time to recurrence (months), median (IQR)

14 (3–81)

18 (9–73)

.26

Clinical presentation, n (%)

.25

Nephrotic syndrome

8 (38)

14 (42)

Nephritic syndrome

0 (0)

4 (12)

Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria

6 (29)

7 (22)

Isolated microscopic haematuria

7 (33)

8 (24)

eGFR at recurrence (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

30 (16–44)

29 (16–40)

.79

Serum albumin at recurrence (g/dL), mean ± SD

3.4 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 0.8

.54

Proteinuria at recurrence (g/day), median (IQR)

3.5 (1.5–6.8)

3.2 (2–6.5)

.87

Serum C3 (mg/dL), median (IQR)

60 (52–74)

94 (76–107)

<.001

Kidney biopsy at recurrence

Mesangial proliferation, n (%)

.93

≤20%

3 (14)

6 (18)

20–50%

8 (38)

12 (36)

>50%

10 (48)

15 (46)

Endocapillary proliferation, n (%)

.81

≤20%

6 (29)

10 (30)

20–50%

10 (48)

13 (40)

>50%

5 (23)

10 (30)

Leukocyte infiltration, n (%)

.17

≤20%

12 (57)

22 (67)

20–50%

9 (43)

8 (24)

>50%

0 (0)

3 (9)

Cellular or fibrocellular crescents, n (%)

.63

None

20 (95)

32 (97)

≤20%

1 (5)

1 (3)

20–50%

0 (0)

Double contour of GBM, n (%)

.29

≤20%

4 (19)

13 (39)

20–50%

12 (57)

14 (42)

>50%

5 (24)

6 (18)

Interstitial inflammation, n (%)

.69

≤20%

15 (71)

24 (73)

20–50%

6 (29)

8 (24)

>50%

0 (0)

1 (3)

Globally sclerotic glomeruli, n (%)

7 (0–8)

8 (2–18)

.05

Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, n (%)

.37

≤20%

4 (19)

4 (12)

20–50%

15 (71)

22 (67)

>50%

2 (10)

7 (21)

Arterio- and arteriolosclerosis, n (%)

3 (14)

11 (33)

.13

Characteristics

Complement-mediated MPGN (n = 34)

Immune complex–mediated MPGN (n = 186)

P-value

Native kidney disease

Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR)

34 (24–51)

33 (22–45)

.41

Sex (male), n (%)

24 (71)

109 (59)

.19

Clinical presentation^a, n (%)

.02

Nephrotic syndrome

15 (44)

88 (68)

Nephritic syndrome

4 (12)

20 (15)

Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria

8 (24)

6 (5)

Isolated microscopic haematuria

4 (12)

16 (12)

Time to kidney failure (months), median (IQR)

60 (14–115)

56 (12–128)

.94

Kidney transplantation

Age at transplantation (years), median (IQR)

47 (38–60)

45 (35–56)

.36

Type of donor, n (%)

.34

Cadaveric

30 (88)

162 (87)

DCD

4 (12)

12 (7)

Living donor

0 (0)

8 (4)

Living-related donor

0 (0)

4 (2)

HLA-A/B/DR mismatch, mean ± SD

4 ± 1

3.8 ± 1

.29

Cold ischaemia time (hours), median (IQR)

18 (16–20)

18 (15–21)

.46

Immediate graft function, n (%)

23 (68)

126 (68)

.98

Baseline immunosuppression, n (%)

Induction therapy

25 (74)

90 (48)

.06

Corticosteroids

34 (100)

185 (99)

.69

Tacrolimus

32 (94)

132 (71)

.005

Cyclosporine

2 (6)

45 (24)

.02

Mycophenolate mofetil

31 (91)

131 (70)

.01

MTOR inhibitors

2 (6)

9 (5)

.93

Azathioprine

0 (0)

26 (14)

.02

Follow-up

Post-transplant eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

53 (47–68)

58 (45–74)

.19

Rejection episodes, n (%)

6 (18)

28 (15)

.69

Cellular

4 (12)

22 (12)

.97

Antibody-mediated

2 (6)

4 (2)

.42

Recurrence of the disease, n (%)

21 (62)

33 (18)

<.001

Time to recurrence (months), median (IQR)

14 (3–81)

18 (9–73)

.26

Clinical presentation, n (%)

.25

Nephrotic syndrome

8 (38)

14 (42)

Nephritic syndrome

0 (0)

4 (12)

Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria

6 (29)

7 (22)

Isolated microscopic haematuria

7 (33)

8 (24)

eGFR at recurrence (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

30 (16–44)

29 (16–40)

.79

Serum albumin at recurrence (g/dL), mean ± SD

3.4 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 0.8

.54

Proteinuria at recurrence (g/day), median (IQR)

3.5 (1.5–6.8)

3.2 (2–6.5)

.87

Serum C3 (mg/dL), median (IQR)

60 (52–74)

94 (76–107)

<.001

Kidney biopsy at recurrence

Mesangial proliferation, n (%)

.93

≤20%

3 (14)

6 (18)

20–50%

8 (38)

12 (36)

>50%

10 (48)

15 (46)

Endocapillary proliferation, n (%)

.81

≤20%

6 (29)

10 (30)

20–50%

10 (48)

13 (40)

>50%

5 (23)

10 (30)

Leukocyte infiltration, n (%)

.17

≤20%

12 (57)

22 (67)

20–50%

9 (43)

8 (24)

>50%

0 (0)

3 (9)

Cellular or fibrocellular crescents, n (%)

.63

None

20 (95)

32 (97)

≤20%

1 (5)

1 (3)

20–50%

0 (0)

Double contour of GBM, n (%)

.29

≤20%

4 (19)

13 (39)

20–50%

12 (57)

14 (42)

>50%

5 (24)

6 (18)

Interstitial inflammation, n (%)

.69

≤20%

15 (71)

24 (73)

20–50%

6 (29)

8 (24)

>50%

0 (0)

1 (3)

Globally sclerotic glomeruli, n (%)

7 (0–8)

8 (2–18)

.05

Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, n (%)

.37

≤20%

4 (19)

4 (12)

20–50%

15 (71)

22 (67)

>50%

2 (10)

7 (21)

Arterio- and arteriolosclerosis, n (%)

3 (14)

11 (33)

.13

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Clinical characteristics of patients according to immunofluorescence-based classification

Characteristics	Complement-mediated MPGN (n = 34)	Immune complex–mediated MPGN (n = 186)	P-value
Native kidney disease
Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR)	34 (24–51)	33 (22–45)	.41
Sex (male), n (%)	24 (71)	109 (59)	.19
Clinical presentation^a, n (%)			.02
Nephrotic syndrome	15 (44)	88 (68)
Nephritic syndrome	4 (12)	20 (15)
Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria	8 (24)	6 (5)
Isolated microscopic haematuria	4 (12)	16 (12)
Time to kidney failure (months), median (IQR)	60 (14–115)	56 (12–128)	.94
Kidney transplantation
Age at transplantation (years), median (IQR)	47 (38–60)	45 (35–56)	.36
Type of donor, n (%)			.34
Cadaveric	30 (88)	162 (87)
DCD	4 (12)	12 (7)
Living donor	0 (0)	8 (4)
Living-related donor	0 (0)	4 (2)
HLA-A/B/DR mismatch, mean ± SD	4 ± 1	3.8 ± 1	.29
Cold ischaemia time (hours), median (IQR)	18 (16–20)	18 (15–21)	.46
Immediate graft function, n (%)	23 (68)	126 (68)	.98
Baseline immunosuppression, n (%)
Induction therapy	25 (74)	90 (48)	.06
Corticosteroids	34 (100)	185 (99)	.69
Tacrolimus	32 (94)	132 (71)	.005
Cyclosporine	2 (6)	45 (24)	.02
Mycophenolate mofetil	31 (91)	131 (70)	.01
MTOR inhibitors	2 (6)	9 (5)	.93
Azathioprine	0 (0)	26 (14)	.02
Follow-up
Post-transplant eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)	53 (47–68)	58 (45–74)	.19
Rejection episodes, n (%)	6 (18)	28 (15)	.69
Cellular	4 (12)	22 (12)	.97
Antibody-mediated	2 (6)	4 (2)	.42
Recurrence of the disease, n (%)	21 (62)	33 (18)	<.001
Time to recurrence (months), median (IQR)	14 (3–81)	18 (9–73)	.26
Clinical presentation, n (%)			.25
Nephrotic syndrome	8 (38)	14 (42)
Nephritic syndrome	0 (0)	4 (12)
Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria	6 (29)	7 (22)
Isolated microscopic haematuria	7 (33)	8 (24)
eGFR at recurrence (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)	30 (16–44)	29 (16–40)	.79
Serum albumin at recurrence (g/dL), mean ± SD	3.4 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.8	.54
Proteinuria at recurrence (g/day), median (IQR)	3.5 (1.5–6.8)	3.2 (2–6.5)	.87
Serum C3 (mg/dL), median (IQR)	60 (52–74)	94 (76–107)	<.001
Kidney biopsy at recurrence
Mesangial proliferation, n (%)			.93
≤20%	3 (14)	6 (18)
20–50%	8 (38)	12 (36)
>50%	10 (48)	15 (46)
Endocapillary proliferation, n (%)			.81
≤20%	6 (29)	10 (30)
20–50%	10 (48)	13 (40)
>50%	5 (23)	10 (30)
Leukocyte infiltration, n (%)			.17
≤20%	12 (57)	22 (67)
20–50%	9 (43)	8 (24)
>50%	0 (0)	3 (9)
Cellular or fibrocellular crescents, n (%)			.63
None	20 (95)	32 (97)
≤20%	1 (5)	1 (3)
20–50%	0 (0)	0 (0)
Double contour of GBM, n (%)			.29
≤20%	4 (19)	13 (39)
20–50%	12 (57)	14 (42)
>50%	5 (24)	6 (18)
Interstitial inflammation, n (%)			.69
≤20%	15 (71)	24 (73)
20–50%	6 (29)	8 (24)
>50%	0 (0)	1 (3)
Globally sclerotic glomeruli, n (%)	7 (0–8)	8 (2–18)	.05
Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, n (%)			.37
≤20%	4 (19)	4 (12)
20–50%	15 (71)	22 (67)
>50%	2 (10)	7 (21)
Arterio- and arteriolosclerosis, n (%)	3 (14)	11 (33)	.13

Characteristics	Complement-mediated MPGN (n = 34)	Immune complex–mediated MPGN (n = 186)	P-value
Native kidney disease
Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR)	34 (24–51)	33 (22–45)	.41
Sex (male), n (%)	24 (71)	109 (59)	.19
Clinical presentation^a, n (%)			.02
Nephrotic syndrome	15 (44)	88 (68)
Nephritic syndrome	4 (12)	20 (15)
Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria	8 (24)	6 (5)
Isolated microscopic haematuria	4 (12)	16 (12)
Time to kidney failure (months), median (IQR)	60 (14–115)	56 (12–128)	.94
Kidney transplantation
Age at transplantation (years), median (IQR)	47 (38–60)	45 (35–56)	.36
Type of donor, n (%)			.34
Cadaveric	30 (88)	162 (87)
DCD	4 (12)	12 (7)
Living donor	0 (0)	8 (4)
Living-related donor	0 (0)	4 (2)
HLA-A/B/DR mismatch, mean ± SD	4 ± 1	3.8 ± 1	.29
Cold ischaemia time (hours), median (IQR)	18 (16–20)	18 (15–21)	.46
Immediate graft function, n (%)	23 (68)	126 (68)	.98
Baseline immunosuppression, n (%)
Induction therapy	25 (74)	90 (48)	.06
Corticosteroids	34 (100)	185 (99)	.69
Tacrolimus	32 (94)	132 (71)	.005
Cyclosporine	2 (6)	45 (24)	.02
Mycophenolate mofetil	31 (91)	131 (70)	.01
MTOR inhibitors	2 (6)	9 (5)	.93
Azathioprine	0 (0)	26 (14)	.02
Follow-up
Post-transplant eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)	53 (47–68)	58 (45–74)	.19
Rejection episodes, n (%)	6 (18)	28 (15)	.69
Cellular	4 (12)	22 (12)	.97
Antibody-mediated	2 (6)	4 (2)	.42
Recurrence of the disease, n (%)	21 (62)	33 (18)	<.001
Time to recurrence (months), median (IQR)	14 (3–81)	18 (9–73)	.26
Clinical presentation, n (%)			.25
Nephrotic syndrome	8 (38)	14 (42)
Nephritic syndrome	0 (0)	4 (12)
Isolated non-nephrotic proteinuria	6 (29)	7 (22)
Isolated microscopic haematuria	7 (33)	8 (24)
eGFR at recurrence (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)	30 (16–44)	29 (16–40)	.79
Serum albumin at recurrence (g/dL), mean ± SD	3.4 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.8	.54
Proteinuria at recurrence (g/day), median (IQR)	3.5 (1.5–6.8)	3.2 (2–6.5)	.87
Serum C3 (mg/dL), median (IQR)	60 (52–74)	94 (76–107)	<.001
Kidney biopsy at recurrence
Mesangial proliferation, n (%)			.93
≤20%	3 (14)	6 (18)
20–50%	8 (38)	12 (36)
>50%	10 (48)	15 (46)
Endocapillary proliferation, n (%)			.81
≤20%	6 (29)	10 (30)
20–50%	10 (48)	13 (40)
>50%	5 (23)	10 (30)
Leukocyte infiltration, n (%)			.17
≤20%	12 (57)	22 (67)
20–50%	9 (43)	8 (24)
>50%	0 (0)	3 (9)
Cellular or fibrocellular crescents, n (%)			.63
None	20 (95)	32 (97)
≤20%	1 (5)	1 (3)
20–50%	0 (0)	0 (0)
Double contour of GBM, n (%)			.29
≤20%	4 (19)	13 (39)
20–50%	12 (57)	14 (42)
>50%	5 (24)	6 (18)
Interstitial inflammation, n (%)			.69
≤20%	15 (71)	24 (73)
20–50%	6 (29)	8 (24)
>50%	0 (0)	1 (3)
Globally sclerotic glomeruli, n (%)	7 (0–8)	8 (2–18)	.05
Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, n (%)			.37
≤20%	4 (19)	4 (12)
20–50%	15 (71)	22 (67)
>50%	2 (10)	7 (21)
Arterio- and arteriolosclerosis, n (%)	3 (14)	11 (33)	.13

DCD, donation after circulatory death; KRT, kidney replacement therapy.

Data available in 162 patients (73%): 31 (19%) in the group with complement-mediated MPGN versus 131 (81%) in the group with immune complex–mediated MPGN.

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