Unadjusted and Adjusted Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) in HIV Diagnosis Rates and Estimated Rate Ratios Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in THRIVE and non-THRIVE Metropolitan Statistical Areas by Race and Ethnicity, Adjusted for Select Covariates, 2014–2019
| . | Black MSM . | Hispanic/Latino MSMa . | White MSM . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | ||||
| Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | |
| THRIVE | −5.9 (−7.1 to −4.6) | −8.2 (−11.7 to −4.6) | −4.7 (−6.2 to −3.2) | −8.6 (−12.2 to −4.8) | −12.9 (−15.4 to −10.3) | −7.6 (−12.0 to −3.1) |
| Non-THRIVE | −2.3 (−3.6 to −1.0) | −4.2 (−7.8 to −0.4) | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.7) | −2.6 (−5.1 to −0.1) | −4.6 (−7.0 to −2.1) | 5.9 (1.8 to 10.1) |
| Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | ||||
| HIV Prevalence per 100 000 persons (per increase of 100) | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) |
| Commercial insurance HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 0.84 (0.70-1.02) | 0.73 (0.59-0.90) | 0.85 (0.75-0.97) | 0.85 (0.74-0.97) | 0.70 (0.54-0.90) | 0.94 (0.74-1.20) |
| Medicaid HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | 1.04 (0.97-1.13) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 1.33 (1.11-1.60) |
| PrEP prescription rate (per increase of 1%) | 1.15 (0.95-1.40) | 1.65 (1.29-2.12) | 0.96 (0.80-1.14) | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) | 0.99 (0.69-1.43) |
| Percent Below Poverty Level (per increase of 5%) | 0.73 (0.65-0.81) | 0.81 (0.70-0.95) | 0.86 (0.79-0.94) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 1.04 (0.80-1.36) | 1.33 (1.11-1.59) |
| Percent with less than high school education (per increase of 5%) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) | 0.88 (0.75-1.05) | 1.02 (0.94-1.10) | 1.00 (0.94-1.07) | 0.83 (0.53-1.28) | 0.68 (0.53-0.87) |
| Percent uninsured (per increase of 5%) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 1.19 (1.09-1.31) | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 1.03 (0.79-1.33) | 1.97 (1.59-2.45) |
| . | Black MSM . | Hispanic/Latino MSMa . | White MSM . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | ||||
| Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | |
| THRIVE | −5.9 (−7.1 to −4.6) | −8.2 (−11.7 to −4.6) | −4.7 (−6.2 to −3.2) | −8.6 (−12.2 to −4.8) | −12.9 (−15.4 to −10.3) | −7.6 (−12.0 to −3.1) |
| Non-THRIVE | −2.3 (−3.6 to −1.0) | −4.2 (−7.8 to −0.4) | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.7) | −2.6 (−5.1 to −0.1) | −4.6 (−7.0 to −2.1) | 5.9 (1.8 to 10.1) |
| Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | ||||
| HIV Prevalence per 100 000 persons (per increase of 100) | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) |
| Commercial insurance HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 0.84 (0.70-1.02) | 0.73 (0.59-0.90) | 0.85 (0.75-0.97) | 0.85 (0.74-0.97) | 0.70 (0.54-0.90) | 0.94 (0.74-1.20) |
| Medicaid HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | 1.04 (0.97-1.13) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 1.33 (1.11-1.60) |
| PrEP prescription rate (per increase of 1%) | 1.15 (0.95-1.40) | 1.65 (1.29-2.12) | 0.96 (0.80-1.14) | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) | 0.99 (0.69-1.43) |
| Percent Below Poverty Level (per increase of 5%) | 0.73 (0.65-0.81) | 0.81 (0.70-0.95) | 0.86 (0.79-0.94) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 1.04 (0.80-1.36) | 1.33 (1.11-1.59) |
| Percent with less than high school education (per increase of 5%) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) | 0.88 (0.75-1.05) | 1.02 (0.94-1.10) | 1.00 (0.94-1.07) | 0.83 (0.53-1.28) | 0.68 (0.53-0.87) |
| Percent uninsured (per increase of 5%) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 1.19 (1.09-1.31) | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 1.03 (0.79-1.33) | 1.97 (1.59-2.45) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; MSM, men who have sex with men; THRIVE, Targeted Highly Effective Interventions to Reverse the HIV Epidemic.
Hispanic/Latino persons can be of any race.
Unadjusted results estimated using a multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model including the variable of interest, a fixed effect for year, and a random intercept. Adjusted results estimated using a multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model including all variables in the table, a fixed effect for year, and a random intercept.
Rate ratios estimated for continuous variables comparing the HIV diagnosis rate in an MSA to an MSA with the indicated percentage point increase in the variable.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) in HIV Diagnosis Rates and Estimated Rate Ratios Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in THRIVE and non-THRIVE Metropolitan Statistical Areas by Race and Ethnicity, Adjusted for Select Covariates, 2014–2019
| . | Black MSM . | Hispanic/Latino MSMa . | White MSM . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | ||||
| Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | |
| THRIVE | −5.9 (−7.1 to −4.6) | −8.2 (−11.7 to −4.6) | −4.7 (−6.2 to −3.2) | −8.6 (−12.2 to −4.8) | −12.9 (−15.4 to −10.3) | −7.6 (−12.0 to −3.1) |
| Non-THRIVE | −2.3 (−3.6 to −1.0) | −4.2 (−7.8 to −0.4) | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.7) | −2.6 (−5.1 to −0.1) | −4.6 (−7.0 to −2.1) | 5.9 (1.8 to 10.1) |
| Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | ||||
| HIV Prevalence per 100 000 persons (per increase of 100) | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) |
| Commercial insurance HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 0.84 (0.70-1.02) | 0.73 (0.59-0.90) | 0.85 (0.75-0.97) | 0.85 (0.74-0.97) | 0.70 (0.54-0.90) | 0.94 (0.74-1.20) |
| Medicaid HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | 1.04 (0.97-1.13) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 1.33 (1.11-1.60) |
| PrEP prescription rate (per increase of 1%) | 1.15 (0.95-1.40) | 1.65 (1.29-2.12) | 0.96 (0.80-1.14) | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) | 0.99 (0.69-1.43) |
| Percent Below Poverty Level (per increase of 5%) | 0.73 (0.65-0.81) | 0.81 (0.70-0.95) | 0.86 (0.79-0.94) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 1.04 (0.80-1.36) | 1.33 (1.11-1.59) |
| Percent with less than high school education (per increase of 5%) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) | 0.88 (0.75-1.05) | 1.02 (0.94-1.10) | 1.00 (0.94-1.07) | 0.83 (0.53-1.28) | 0.68 (0.53-0.87) |
| Percent uninsured (per increase of 5%) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 1.19 (1.09-1.31) | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 1.03 (0.79-1.33) | 1.97 (1.59-2.45) |
| . | Black MSM . | Hispanic/Latino MSMa . | White MSM . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | EAPC (95% CI)b . | ||||
| Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | Unadjusted . | Adjusted . | |
| THRIVE | −5.9 (−7.1 to −4.6) | −8.2 (−11.7 to −4.6) | −4.7 (−6.2 to −3.2) | −8.6 (−12.2 to −4.8) | −12.9 (−15.4 to −10.3) | −7.6 (−12.0 to −3.1) |
| Non-THRIVE | −2.3 (−3.6 to −1.0) | −4.2 (−7.8 to −0.4) | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.7) | −2.6 (−5.1 to −0.1) | −4.6 (−7.0 to −2.1) | 5.9 (1.8 to 10.1) |
| Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | ||||
| HIV Prevalence per 100 000 persons (per increase of 100) | 1.04 (1.02-1.06) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) |
| Commercial insurance HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 0.84 (0.70-1.02) | 0.73 (0.59-0.90) | 0.85 (0.75-0.97) | 0.85 (0.74-0.97) | 0.70 (0.54-0.90) | 0.94 (0.74-1.20) |
| Medicaid HIV testing rate (per increase of 5%) | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) | 1.04 (0.97-1.13) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 1.00 (0.91-1.09) | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 1.33 (1.11-1.60) |
| PrEP prescription rate (per increase of 1%) | 1.15 (0.95-1.40) | 1.65 (1.29-2.12) | 0.96 (0.80-1.14) | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) | 0.99 (0.69-1.43) |
| Percent Below Poverty Level (per increase of 5%) | 0.73 (0.65-0.81) | 0.81 (0.70-0.95) | 0.86 (0.79-0.94) | 0.99 (0.93-1.06) | 1.04 (0.80-1.36) | 1.33 (1.11-1.59) |
| Percent with less than high school education (per increase of 5%) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) | 0.88 (0.75-1.05) | 1.02 (0.94-1.10) | 1.00 (0.94-1.07) | 0.83 (0.53-1.28) | 0.68 (0.53-0.87) |
| Percent uninsured (per increase of 5%) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 1.19 (1.09-1.31) | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 1.03 (0.79-1.33) | 1.97 (1.59-2.45) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; MSM, men who have sex with men; THRIVE, Targeted Highly Effective Interventions to Reverse the HIV Epidemic.
Hispanic/Latino persons can be of any race.
Unadjusted results estimated using a multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model including the variable of interest, a fixed effect for year, and a random intercept. Adjusted results estimated using a multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression model including all variables in the table, a fixed effect for year, and a random intercept.
Rate ratios estimated for continuous variables comparing the HIV diagnosis rate in an MSA to an MSA with the indicated percentage point increase in the variable.
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