| Strain . | Year and country . | Number of isolates . | Resistance (%) . | In vitro (methods)/in vivo (animal and site of infection) . | Partner drug . | Synergistic effect (%) . | Additive effect (%) . | Indifferent effect (%) . | Antagonistic effect (%) . | Comments . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | 2006, USA | 2 | GISA (100) | in vitro (ET, TK) | Linezolid | — | — | ET: 2 (100); TK: 2 (100) | — | 15 | |
| SA | 2010, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Linezolid | 1 (50) | — | 1 (50) | — | DNS isolates. High inoculum tested. | 19 |
| SA | 2012, Spain | 3 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model of biofilm) | Linezolid | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | — | — | Neither DAP nor linezolid alone were active against biofilm-embedded bacteria, while the combination was active against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. | 75 |
| E. faecalis | 2014, Switzerland | 3 | VRE (100) | in vitro (CB, TK) | Linezolid | 3 (100) | — | — | — | 76 | |
| E. faecium | 4 | VRE (100) | Linezolid | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | — | ||||
| SA | 2015, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD biofilm model) | Linezolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 77 | |
| SA | 2016, Denmark | 1 | — | in vivo (mouse, implant-associated osteomyelitis) | Linezolid | — | — | 1 (100) | — | Equivalent human dosage of DAP 8–10 mg/kg was administered. | 70 |
| SA | 2017, Turkey | 30 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 20 (67) | — | 10 (33) | — | No distinction between additive and indifferent effect. | 71 |
| SA | 2018, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Tedizolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 78 | |
| SA | 2019, Taiwan | 100 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 3 (3) | 74 (74) | 23 (23) | — | No distinction between indifferent and antagonistic effect. | 30 |
| Strain . | Year and country . | Number of isolates . | Resistance (%) . | In vitro (methods)/in vivo (animal and site of infection) . | Partner drug . | Synergistic effect (%) . | Additive effect (%) . | Indifferent effect (%) . | Antagonistic effect (%) . | Comments . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | 2006, USA | 2 | GISA (100) | in vitro (ET, TK) | Linezolid | — | — | ET: 2 (100); TK: 2 (100) | — | 15 | |
| SA | 2010, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Linezolid | 1 (50) | — | 1 (50) | — | DNS isolates. High inoculum tested. | 19 |
| SA | 2012, Spain | 3 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model of biofilm) | Linezolid | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | — | — | Neither DAP nor linezolid alone were active against biofilm-embedded bacteria, while the combination was active against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. | 75 |
| E. faecalis | 2014, Switzerland | 3 | VRE (100) | in vitro (CB, TK) | Linezolid | 3 (100) | — | — | — | 76 | |
| E. faecium | 4 | VRE (100) | Linezolid | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | — | ||||
| SA | 2015, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD biofilm model) | Linezolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 77 | |
| SA | 2016, Denmark | 1 | — | in vivo (mouse, implant-associated osteomyelitis) | Linezolid | — | — | 1 (100) | — | Equivalent human dosage of DAP 8–10 mg/kg was administered. | 70 |
| SA | 2017, Turkey | 30 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 20 (67) | — | 10 (33) | — | No distinction between additive and indifferent effect. | 71 |
| SA | 2018, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Tedizolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 78 | |
| SA | 2019, Taiwan | 100 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 3 (3) | 74 (74) | 23 (23) | — | No distinction between indifferent and antagonistic effect. | 30 |
CB, chequerboard; ET, Etest; DAP, daptomycin; DNS, daptomycin non-susceptible; SA, S. aureus; TK, time–kill assay.
| Strain . | Year and country . | Number of isolates . | Resistance (%) . | In vitro (methods)/in vivo (animal and site of infection) . | Partner drug . | Synergistic effect (%) . | Additive effect (%) . | Indifferent effect (%) . | Antagonistic effect (%) . | Comments . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | 2006, USA | 2 | GISA (100) | in vitro (ET, TK) | Linezolid | — | — | ET: 2 (100); TK: 2 (100) | — | 15 | |
| SA | 2010, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Linezolid | 1 (50) | — | 1 (50) | — | DNS isolates. High inoculum tested. | 19 |
| SA | 2012, Spain | 3 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model of biofilm) | Linezolid | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | — | — | Neither DAP nor linezolid alone were active against biofilm-embedded bacteria, while the combination was active against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. | 75 |
| E. faecalis | 2014, Switzerland | 3 | VRE (100) | in vitro (CB, TK) | Linezolid | 3 (100) | — | — | — | 76 | |
| E. faecium | 4 | VRE (100) | Linezolid | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | — | ||||
| SA | 2015, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD biofilm model) | Linezolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 77 | |
| SA | 2016, Denmark | 1 | — | in vivo (mouse, implant-associated osteomyelitis) | Linezolid | — | — | 1 (100) | — | Equivalent human dosage of DAP 8–10 mg/kg was administered. | 70 |
| SA | 2017, Turkey | 30 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 20 (67) | — | 10 (33) | — | No distinction between additive and indifferent effect. | 71 |
| SA | 2018, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Tedizolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 78 | |
| SA | 2019, Taiwan | 100 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 3 (3) | 74 (74) | 23 (23) | — | No distinction between indifferent and antagonistic effect. | 30 |
| Strain . | Year and country . | Number of isolates . | Resistance (%) . | In vitro (methods)/in vivo (animal and site of infection) . | Partner drug . | Synergistic effect (%) . | Additive effect (%) . | Indifferent effect (%) . | Antagonistic effect (%) . | Comments . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | 2006, USA | 2 | GISA (100) | in vitro (ET, TK) | Linezolid | — | — | ET: 2 (100); TK: 2 (100) | — | 15 | |
| SA | 2010, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Linezolid | 1 (50) | — | 1 (50) | — | DNS isolates. High inoculum tested. | 19 |
| SA | 2012, Spain | 3 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model of biofilm) | Linezolid | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | — | — | Neither DAP nor linezolid alone were active against biofilm-embedded bacteria, while the combination was active against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. | 75 |
| E. faecalis | 2014, Switzerland | 3 | VRE (100) | in vitro (CB, TK) | Linezolid | 3 (100) | — | — | — | 76 | |
| E. faecium | 4 | VRE (100) | Linezolid | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | — | ||||
| SA | 2015, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD biofilm model) | Linezolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 77 | |
| SA | 2016, Denmark | 1 | — | in vivo (mouse, implant-associated osteomyelitis) | Linezolid | — | — | 1 (100) | — | Equivalent human dosage of DAP 8–10 mg/kg was administered. | 70 |
| SA | 2017, Turkey | 30 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 20 (67) | — | 10 (33) | — | No distinction between additive and indifferent effect. | 71 |
| SA | 2018, USA | 2 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (PK/PD model) | Tedizolid | — | — | — | 2 (100) | 78 | |
| SA | 2019, Taiwan | 100 | MRSA (100) | in vitro (CB) | Linezolid | 3 (3) | 74 (74) | 23 (23) | — | No distinction between indifferent and antagonistic effect. | 30 |
CB, chequerboard; ET, Etest; DAP, daptomycin; DNS, daptomycin non-susceptible; SA, S. aureus; TK, time–kill assay.
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