Table 2 Open in new tab The main studies...

Risk factor

Study

Population

Location

Results

Gender

Weintraub et al⁵¹

3,090 PD

USA/Canada

CBS was found in 5.2% men and 0.5% in women

Voon et al⁶⁶

297 PD

Canada

The male gender was associated with CBS

Giladi et al⁶⁷

193 PD/190 CG

Israel

Solla et al⁷⁰

349 PD

Italy

Joutsa et al⁷¹

575 PD

Finland

Dopaminergic therapy

Fan et al²¹

312 PD/132 CG

China

DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB

Pezzella et al²²

202 PD

Italy

Politis et al³⁴

12PD CSB/12PD without CSB

DA can promote the development of CSB

Weintraub et al⁵¹

3,090 PD

USA/Canada

DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB

Uitti et al⁴⁵

13PD

USA

DA was associated with CSB. Levodopa monotherapy or associated with DA is a risk factor for CSB

Voon et al⁶⁶

297 PD

Canada

Giladi et al⁶⁷

193 PD/190 CG

Israel

Longe treatment with DA can promote CSB

Ondo and Lai⁶⁸

300 PD

USA

Increased sexual activity is common in the use of DA

Lee et al⁶⁹

1.167 PD

Korea

There is a significant correlation between CSB and the use of DA

Solla et al⁷⁰

349 PD

Italy

Younger onset

Giladi et al⁶⁷

193 PD/190 CG

Israel

Younger age of PD motor symptom onset might be considered as a risk factor for the development of CSB

Sossi et al⁷²

27 PD/10 CG

Canada

Younger onset of PD has more motor and cognitive complications

Cooper et al⁷³

141 PD

USA

Younger age can be considered as a risk factor for CSB

Cognitive problems, history, and psychiatric damage (impulsivity, novelty seeking, hypomania, panic disorder, pathologic gambling, punding, depression)

Voon et al⁶⁶

297 PD

Canada

CSB is associated with multiple psychiatric and cognitive damage

Joutsa et al⁷¹

575 PD

Finland

CSB is associated with depression

Vitale et al⁷⁴

49 PD/14 CG

Italy

CSB is associated with prefrontal and memory damage

Table 2

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The main studies on the most common risk factors related to the development of compulsive sexual behavior in Parkinson's disease in men and women

Risk factor	Study	Population	Location	Results
Gender	Weintraub et al⁵¹	3,090 PD	USA/Canada	CBS was found in 5.2% men and 0.5% in women
	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada	The male gender was associated with CBS
	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel
	Solla et al⁷⁰	349 PD	Italy
	Joutsa et al⁷¹	575 PD	Finland
Dopaminergic therapy	Fan et al²¹	312 PD/132 CG	China	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Pezzella et al²²	202 PD	Italy	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Politis et al³⁴	12PD CSB/12PD without CSB	UK	DA can promote the development of CSB
	Weintraub et al⁵¹	3,090 PD	USA/Canada	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Uitti et al⁴⁵	13PD	USA	DA was associated with CSB. Levodopa monotherapy or associated with DA is a risk factor for CSB
	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada
	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel	Longe treatment with DA can promote CSB
	Ondo and Lai⁶⁸	300 PD	USA	Increased sexual activity is common in the use of DA
	Lee et al⁶⁹	1.167 PD	Korea	There is a significant correlation between CSB and the use of DA
	Solla et al⁷⁰	349 PD	Italy
Younger onset	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel	Younger age of PD motor symptom onset might be considered as a risk factor for the development of CSB
	Sossi et al⁷²	27 PD/10 CG	Canada	Younger onset of PD has more motor and cognitive complications
	Cooper et al⁷³	141 PD	USA	Younger age can be considered as a risk factor for CSB
Cognitive problems, history, and psychiatric damage (impulsivity, novelty seeking, hypomania, panic disorder, pathologic gambling, punding, depression)	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada	CSB is associated with multiple psychiatric and cognitive damage
	Joutsa et al⁷¹	575 PD	Finland	CSB is associated with depression
	Vitale et al⁷⁴	49 PD/14 CG	Italy	CSB is associated with prefrontal and memory damage

Risk factor	Study	Population	Location	Results
Gender	Weintraub et al⁵¹	3,090 PD	USA/Canada	CBS was found in 5.2% men and 0.5% in women
	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada	The male gender was associated with CBS
	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel
	Solla et al⁷⁰	349 PD	Italy
	Joutsa et al⁷¹	575 PD	Finland
Dopaminergic therapy	Fan et al²¹	312 PD/132 CG	China	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Pezzella et al²²	202 PD	Italy	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Politis et al³⁴	12PD CSB/12PD without CSB	UK	DA can promote the development of CSB
	Weintraub et al⁵¹	3,090 PD	USA/Canada	DA is associated with a higher risk of CSB
	Uitti et al⁴⁵	13PD	USA	DA was associated with CSB. Levodopa monotherapy or associated with DA is a risk factor for CSB
	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada
	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel	Longe treatment with DA can promote CSB
	Ondo and Lai⁶⁸	300 PD	USA	Increased sexual activity is common in the use of DA
	Lee et al⁶⁹	1.167 PD	Korea	There is a significant correlation between CSB and the use of DA
	Solla et al⁷⁰	349 PD	Italy
Younger onset	Giladi et al⁶⁷	193 PD/190 CG	Israel	Younger age of PD motor symptom onset might be considered as a risk factor for the development of CSB
	Sossi et al⁷²	27 PD/10 CG	Canada	Younger onset of PD has more motor and cognitive complications
	Cooper et al⁷³	141 PD	USA	Younger age can be considered as a risk factor for CSB
Cognitive problems, history, and psychiatric damage (impulsivity, novelty seeking, hypomania, panic disorder, pathologic gambling, punding, depression)	Voon et al⁶⁶	297 PD	Canada	CSB is associated with multiple psychiatric and cognitive damage
	Joutsa et al⁷¹	575 PD	Finland	CSB is associated with depression
	Vitale et al⁷⁴	49 PD/14 CG	Italy	CSB is associated with prefrontal and memory damage

CG = control group; CSB = compulsive sexual behavior; DA = dopamine agonist; PD = Parkinson's disease.

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