Table 4 Open in new tab Changes in...

	Changes in body weight (all groups combined)
Metabolic syndrome (%)	14.1	−13.2	−23.8	0.114 (0.028)	<0.001
Waist ≥ 88 cm (%)	5.5	−9.2	−22.9	0.139 (0.033)	<0.001
Glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (%)	2.7	−1.7	−2.7	0.105 (0.061)	0.090
BP ≥ 129/84 mmHg (%)	6.9	−6.1	−11.4	0.061 (0.025)	0.017
HDL < 1.3 mmol/L (%)	1.4	−1.9	−4.4	0.066 (0.044)	0.133
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)	5.5	−4.9	−9.0	0.054 (0.027)	0.047
Insulin resistance (%)	9.2	−11.5	−24.2	0.103 (0.025)	<0.001
Metabolic parameters
cMetS z-score	0.22	−0.22	−0.43	0.043 (0.005)	<0.001
HOMA-IR	0.42	−0.42	−0.83	0.083 (0.017)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−4	0.373 (0.101)	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−3	0.333 (0.076)	<0.001
Waist (cm)	4.1	−4.1	−8.3	0.827 (0.080)	<0.001
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.015 (0.004)	0.001
Insulin (pmol/L)	11	−11	−22	2.187 (0.484)	<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.022 (0.006)	0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	−0.02	0.02	0.05	−0.005 (0.002)	0.006
LDL (mmol/L)	0.08	−0.08	−0.17	0.017 (0.005)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)	0.12	−0.12	−0.23	0.023 (0.005)	<0.001

Changes in body weight (all groups combined)

5% weight gain

5% weight loss

10% weight loss

Estimate (s.e.)

P value

Metabolic syndrome (%)

14.1

−13.2

−23.8

0.114 (0.028)

<0.001

Waist ≥ 88 cm (%)

5.5

−9.2

−22.9

0.139 (0.033)

<0.001

Glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (%)

2.7

−1.7

−2.7

0.105 (0.061)

0.090

BP ≥ 129/84 mmHg (%)

6.9

−6.1

−11.4

0.061 (0.025)

0.017

HDL < 1.3 mmol/L (%)

1.4

−1.9

−4.4

0.066 (0.044)

0.133

TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)

5.5

−4.9

−9.0

0.054 (0.027)

0.047

Insulin resistance (%)

9.2

−11.5

−24.2

0.103 (0.025)

<0.001

Metabolic parameters

cMetS z-score

0.22

−0.22

−0.43

0.043 (0.005)

<0.001

HOMA-IR

0.42

−0.42

−0.83

0.083 (0.017)

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

−2

−4

0.373 (0.101)

0.001

DBP (mmHg)

−2

−3

0.333 (0.076)

<0.001

Waist (cm)

4.1

−4.1

−8.3

0.827 (0.080)

<0.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

0.1

−0.1

−0.2

0.015 (0.004)

0.001

Insulin (pmol/L)

−11

−22

2.187 (0.484)

<0.001

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.1

−0.1

−0.2

0.022 (0.006)

0.001

HDL (mmol/L)

−0.02

0.02

0.05

−0.005 (0.002)

0.006

LDL (mmol/L)

0.08

−0.08

−0.17

0.017 (0.005)

0.005

TG (mmol/L)

0.12

−0.12

−0.23

0.023 (0.005)

<0.001

	Changes in body weight (all groups combined)
Metabolic syndrome (%)	14.1	−13.2	−23.8	0.114 (0.028)	<0.001
Waist ≥ 88 cm (%)	5.5	−9.2	−22.9	0.139 (0.033)	<0.001
Glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (%)	2.7	−1.7	−2.7	0.105 (0.061)	0.090
BP ≥ 129/84 mmHg (%)	6.9	−6.1	−11.4	0.061 (0.025)	0.017
HDL < 1.3 mmol/L (%)	1.4	−1.9	−4.4	0.066 (0.044)	0.133
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)	5.5	−4.9	−9.0	0.054 (0.027)	0.047
Insulin resistance (%)	9.2	−11.5	−24.2	0.103 (0.025)	<0.001
Metabolic parameters
cMetS z-score	0.22	−0.22	−0.43	0.043 (0.005)	<0.001
HOMA-IR	0.42	−0.42	−0.83	0.083 (0.017)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−4	0.373 (0.101)	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−3	0.333 (0.076)	<0.001
Waist (cm)	4.1	−4.1	−8.3	0.827 (0.080)	<0.001
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.015 (0.004)	0.001
Insulin (pmol/L)	11	−11	−22	2.187 (0.484)	<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.022 (0.006)	0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	−0.02	0.02	0.05	−0.005 (0.002)	0.006
LDL (mmol/L)	0.08	−0.08	−0.17	0.017 (0.005)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)	0.12	−0.12	−0.23	0.023 (0.005)	<0.001

Table 4

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Changes in metabolic syndrome and metabolic parameters after changes in body weight for all groups combined (SMS+, SMS−, and CAU). Differences were tested with multilevel logistic regression analyses for categorical variables and with multilevel linear regression analyses for continuous variables, combined with a bootstrap procedure in case of a non-normal distribution.

	Changes in body weight (all groups combined)
	5% weight gain	5% weight loss	10% weight loss	Estimate (s.e.)	P value
Metabolic syndrome (%)	14.1	−13.2	−23.8	0.114 (0.028)	<0.001
Waist ≥ 88 cm (%)	5.5	−9.2	−22.9	0.139 (0.033)	<0.001
Glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (%)	2.7	−1.7	−2.7	0.105 (0.061)	0.090
BP ≥ 129/84 mmHg (%)	6.9	−6.1	−11.4	0.061 (0.025)	0.017
HDL < 1.3 mmol/L (%)	1.4	−1.9	−4.4	0.066 (0.044)	0.133
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)	5.5	−4.9	−9.0	0.054 (0.027)	0.047
Insulin resistance (%)	9.2	−11.5	−24.2	0.103 (0.025)	<0.001
Metabolic parameters
cMetS z-score	0.22	−0.22	−0.43	0.043 (0.005)	<0.001
HOMA-IR	0.42	−0.42	−0.83	0.083 (0.017)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−4	0.373 (0.101)	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−3	0.333 (0.076)	<0.001
Waist (cm)	4.1	−4.1	−8.3	0.827 (0.080)	<0.001
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.015 (0.004)	0.001
Insulin (pmol/L)	11	−11	−22	2.187 (0.484)	<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.022 (0.006)	0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	−0.02	0.02	0.05	−0.005 (0.002)	0.006
LDL (mmol/L)	0.08	−0.08	−0.17	0.017 (0.005)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)	0.12	−0.12	−0.23	0.023 (0.005)	<0.001

	Changes in body weight (all groups combined)
	5% weight gain	5% weight loss	10% weight loss	Estimate (s.e.)	P value
Metabolic syndrome (%)	14.1	−13.2	−23.8	0.114 (0.028)	<0.001
Waist ≥ 88 cm (%)	5.5	−9.2	−22.9	0.139 (0.033)	<0.001
Glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (%)	2.7	−1.7	−2.7	0.105 (0.061)	0.090
BP ≥ 129/84 mmHg (%)	6.9	−6.1	−11.4	0.061 (0.025)	0.017
HDL < 1.3 mmol/L (%)	1.4	−1.9	−4.4	0.066 (0.044)	0.133
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)	5.5	−4.9	−9.0	0.054 (0.027)	0.047
Insulin resistance (%)	9.2	−11.5	−24.2	0.103 (0.025)	<0.001
Metabolic parameters
cMetS z-score	0.22	−0.22	−0.43	0.043 (0.005)	<0.001
HOMA-IR	0.42	−0.42	−0.83	0.083 (0.017)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−4	0.373 (0.101)	0.001
DBP (mmHg)	2	−2	−3	0.333 (0.076)	<0.001
Waist (cm)	4.1	−4.1	−8.3	0.827 (0.080)	<0.001
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.015 (0.004)	0.001
Insulin (pmol/L)	11	−11	−22	2.187 (0.484)	<0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.1	−0.1	−0.2	0.022 (0.006)	0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	−0.02	0.02	0.05	−0.005 (0.002)	0.006
LDL (mmol/L)	0.08	−0.08	−0.17	0.017 (0.005)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)	0.12	−0.12	−0.23	0.023 (0.005)	<0.001

BP, blood pressure; CAU, care as usual; cMetS z-score, continuous metabolic syndrome z-score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SMS−, lifestyle intervention without SMS support; SMS+, lifestyle intervention with SMS support; TG, triglyceride.

Statistically significant values (P<0.05) are presented in bold.

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